12
7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 1/12 ,VDDF'HXWVFKHU µµ(OPLVWLFLVPRGHODFUXHOGDG (VFULWR'LFLHPEUHGH 7UDGXFFLyQ -XDQ&DUORV*DUFtD%RUUyQ (VWDHGLFLyQ 0DU[LVWV,QWHUQHW$UFKLYHVHSWLHPEUHGH 'LJLWDOL]DFLyQ 0DUWLQ)DKOJUHQ 3RFDVQRYHODVHVFULWDVHQHVWDJHQHUDFLyQKDQFRQVHJXLGRXQDSRSXODULGDGWDQJUDQGHFRPR GH2UZHOO4XL]iQLQJXQDRWUD KD\DKHFKRXQLPSDFWRVLPLODUHQODSROtWLFD(OWtWXORGHODREUDGH2UZHOOHVXQWpUPLQRGHRSURELRSROtWLFR3DODEUDVDFXxDGDVSRUpO  ² ´QHRGHFLU´ ´YLHMRɂ GHFLU´ ´PXWDELOLGDG GHO SDVDGR´ ´PLQLVWHULR GH OD 9HUGDG´ ´SROLFtD GHO SHQVDPLHQWR´ ´FULPLQR ɂ  SHQVDU´ ´GREOHSHQVDU´´VHPDQDGHRGLR´HWF²KDQHQWUDGRHQHOYRFDEXODULRSROtWLFRDSDUHFHQHQODPD\RUtDGHORVDUWtFXORVSHULRGtVWLFRV\ ORVGLVFXUVRVDQWLUUXVRV\DQWLFRPXQLVWDV/DWHOHYLVLyQ\HOFLQHKDQIDPLOLDUL]DGRDXQS~EOLFRGHPXFKRVPLOORQHVGHSHUVRQDVD DPERVODGRVGHO$WOiQWLFRFRQODFDUDDPHQD]DGRUDGHO´*UDQ+HUPDQR´\ODSHVDGLOODGHXQD´2FHDQtD´VXSXHVWDPHQWHFRPXQLVWD /DQRYHODKDVHUYLGRFRPRXQDHVSHFLHGHVXSHUDUPDLGHROyJLFDHQODJXHUUDIUtD&RPRHQQLQJ~QRWUROLEURRGRFXPHQWRHOPLHGR FRQYXOVLYRDOFRPXQLVPRTXHKDEDUULGRDO2FFLGHQWHGHVGHODWHUPLQDFLyQGHODVHJXQGDJXHUUDPXQGLDOKDWHQLGRVXUHIOHMR\VX IRFRHQ /DJXHUUDIUtDKDSURGXFLGRXQD´GHPDQGDVRFLDO´GHWDOHVDUPDVLGHROyJLFDVORPLVPRTXHKDSURGXFLGRODGHPDQGDGHVXSHUDUPDV ItVLFDV3HURODVVXSHUDUPDVVRQJHQXLQDVSURH]DVGHODWHFQRORJtD\ QRSXHGHKDEHUGLVFUHSDQFLDHQWUHHOHPSOHRDOTXHSXHGHQ GHVWLQDUVH\ODLQWHQFLyQGHVXVSURGXFWRUHVHVWiQGHVWLQDGDVDH[WHQGHUODPXHUWHRDOPHQRVDDPHQD]DUFRQXQDGHVWUXFFLyQWRWDO (QFDPELRXQOLEURFRPR  SXHGHVHUXWLOL]DGRVLQPXFKDFRQVLGHUDFLyQKDFLDODVLQWHQFLRQHVGHVXDXWRU$OJXQRVGHVXVDVSHFWRV

isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 1/12

,VDDF'HXWVFKHU

µµ(OPLVWLFLVPRGHODFUXHOGDG

(VFULWR'LFLHPEUHGH

7UDGXFFLyQ-XDQ&DUORV*DUFtD%RUUyQ

(VWDHGLFLyQ0DU[LVWV,QWHUQHW$UFKLYHVHSWLHPEUHGH

'LJLWDOL]DFLyQ0DUWLQ)DKOJUHQ

3RFDVQRYHODVHVFULWDVHQHVWDJHQHUDFLyQKDQFRQVHJXLGRXQDSRSXODULGDGWDQJUDQGHFRPRGH2UZHOO4XL]iQLQJXQDRWUD

KD\DKHFKRXQLPSDFWRVLPLODUHQODSROtWLFD(OWtWXORGHODREUDGH2UZHOOHVXQWpUPLQRGHRSURELRSROtWLFR3DODEUDVDFXxDGDVSRUpO

 ² ´QHRGHFLU´ ´YLHMR ɂGHFLU ´PXWDELOLGDG GHO SDVDGR´ ´PLQLVWHULR GH OD 9HUGDG ´SROLFtD GHO SHQVDPLHQWR ´FULPLQRɂ SHQVDU

´GREOHSHQVDU´´VHPDQDGHRGLR´HWF²KDQHQWUDGRHQHOYRFDEXODULRSROtWLFRDSDUHFHQHQODPD\RUtDGHORVDUWtFXORVSHULRGtVWLFRV\

ORVGLVFXUVRVDQWLUUXVRV\DQWLFRPXQLVWDV/DWHOHYLVLyQ\HOFLQHKDQIDPLOLDUL]DGRDXQS~EOLFRGHPXFKRVPLOORQHVGHSHUVRQDVD

DPERVODGRVGHO$WOiQWLFRFRQODFDUDDPHQD]DGRUDGHO´*UDQ+HUPDQR \ODSHVDGLOODGHXQD´2FHDQtD´VXSXHVWDPHQWHFRPXQLVWD

/DQRYHODKDVHUYLGRFRPRXQDHVSHFLHGHVXSHUDUPDLGHROyJLFDHQODJXHUUDIUtD&RPRHQQLQJ~QRWUROLEURRGRFXPHQWRHOPLHGR

FRQYXOVLYRDOFRPXQLVPRTXHKDEDUULGRDO2FFLGHQWHGHVGHODWHUPLQDFLyQGHODVHJXQGDJXHUUDPXQGLDOKDWHQLGRVXUHIOHMR\VX

IRFRHQ

/DJXHUUDIUtDKDSURGXFLGRXQD´GHPDQGDVRFLDO´GHWDOHVDUPDVLGHROyJLFDVORPLVPRTXHKDSURGXFLGRODGHPDQGDGHVXSHUDUPDV

ItVLFDV3HUR ODV VXSHUDUPDV VRQ JHQXLQDVSURH]DVGHOD WHFQRORJtD\ QRSXHGHKDEHUGLVFUHSDQFLDHQWUHHO HPSOHR DOTXHSXHGHQ

GHVWLQDUVH\ODLQWHQFLyQGHVXVSURGXFWRUHVHVWiQGHVWLQDGDVDH[WHQGHUODPXHUWHRDOPHQRVDDPHQD]DUFRQXQDGHVWUXFFLyQWRWDO

(QFDPELRXQOLEURFRPR SXHGHVHUXWLOL]DGRVLQPXFKDFRQVLGHUDFLyQKDFLDODVLQWHQFLRQHVGHVXDXWRU$OJXQRVGHVXVDVSHFWRV

Page 2: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 2/12

 SXHGHQVHUDUUDQFDGRVGHVXFRQWH[WRPLHQWUDVTXHRWURVTXHQRVHDMXVWDQDOSURSyVLWRSROtWLFRDFX\RVHUYLFLRVHKDSXHVWRHOOLEUR

VRQ LJQRUDGRVR YLUWXDOPHQWH VXSULPLGRV< XQ OLEUR FRPR QR QHFHVLWD VHU XQD REUDPDHVWUD OLWHUDULD QL VLTXLHUDXQDREUD

LPSRUWDQWH\RULJLQDOSDUDSURGXFLUVXLPSDFWR(QYHUGDGXQDREUDGHJUDQYDORUOLWHUDULRVXHOHVHUGHPDVLDGRULFDHQVXWH[WXUD\

GHPDVLDGRVXWLOHQIRUPD\SHQVDPLHQWRSDUDSUHVWDUVHDXQDH[SORWDFLyQDGYHQWLFLD3RUUHJODJHQHUDOVXVVtPERORVQRSXHGHQVHU 

IiFLOPHQWHWUDQVIRUPDGRVHQIRFRVKLSQRWL]DQWHVQLVXVLGHDVFRQYHUWLGDVHQHVOyJDQHV/DVSDODEUDVGHXQJUDQSRHWDFXDQGRHQWUDQ

HQHOYRFDEXODULRSROtWLFRORKDFHQPHGLDQWHXQSURFHVRGHLQILOWUDFLyQOHQWRFDVLLPSHUFHSWLEOHQRHQXQDLQFXUVLyQIUHQpWLFD/DREUD

PDHVWUDOLWHUDULDLQIOX\HHQODPHQWDOLGDGSROtWLFDPHGLDQWHVXIHUWLOL]DFLyQ\HQULTXHFLPLHQWRGHVGHGHQWURQRDWXUGLpQGROD

HV OD REUD GH XQD LPDJLQDFLyQ LQWHQVD \ FRQFHQWUDGD SHUR WDPELpQ DWHPRUL]DGD \ UHVWULQJLGD 8Q FUtWLFR KRVWLO OD KD

GHVSUHFLDGRFRPR´KLVWRULHWDGHKRUURUSROtWLFR´ORFXDOQRHVXQDGHVFULSFLyQMXVWD(QODQRYHODGH2UZHOOKD\FLHUWRVHVWUDWRVGH

 SHQVDPLHQWR\VHQVLELOLGDGTXH ODSRQHQD XQQLYHOIUDQFDPHQWHPiVDOWRTXHHOTXHVXJLHUHDTXHOODHWLTXHWD3HURHVYHUGDGTXHHO

VLPEROLVPRGHHVJURVHUR\WRVFRTXHVXVtPERORSULQFLSDOHO*UDQ+HUPDQRVHSDUHFHDOKRPEUHPDORGHXQFXHQWRLQIDQWLO

GHVSURYLVWRGHDUWH\TXHODQDUUDFLyQGH2UZHOOGHVDUUROODDOJRFRPRXQDUJXPHQWRGHSHOtFXODGH´FLHQFLDILFFLyQ´GHFODVHYXOJDU

FRQKRUURUHVPHFiQLFRVDPRQWRQDGRVVREUHKRUURUHVPHFiQLFRVKDVWDWDOSXQWRTXHHQGHILQLWLYDODVLGHDVPiVVXWLOHVGH2UZHOOVX

VLPSDWtDSRUVXVSHUVRQDMHV\VXViWLUDGHODVRFLHGDGGHVXVGtDVQRGHSXHGHQQROOHJDUDFRPXQLFDUVHDOOHFWRUQRSDUHFH

 MXVWLILFDUHOTXHVH OODPHD2UZHOOHO6ZLIWGHQXHVWURWLHPSRWtWXORDOTXH $QLPDO)DUPGDDOJXQDMXVWLILFDFLyQ$2UZHOOOHIDOWDOD

ULTXH]D\VXWLOLGDGGHSHQVDPLHQWR\OD LPSDUFLDOLGDGILORVyILFDGHOJUDQVDWtULFR6X LPDJLQDFLyQHVIHUR]\DYHFHVSHQHWUDQWHSHUR

FDUHFHGHDPSOLWXGIOH[LELOLGDG\RULJLQDOLGDG

3RGHPRV LOXVWUDU ODIDOWDGHRULJLQDOLGDGFRQHOKHFKRGHTXH2UZHOO WRPyODLGHDGH OD WUDPD DUJXPHQWDO ORVSHUVRQDMHV

 SULQFLSDOHVORVVtPERORV\ WRGRHOFOLPDGHVXQDUUDFLyQGHXQHVFULWRUUXVRTXHKDSHUPDQHFLGRFDVLLJQRUDGRHQHO2FFLGHQWH(VH

HVFULWRUHV(YJHQLL=DPLDWLQ\HOWtWXORGHOOLEURTXHVLUYLyGHPRGHORD2UZHOOHV1RVRWURV&RPR 1RVRWURVHVXQD´DQWLXWRStD´

XQDYLVLyQGHSHVDGLOODGHOIXWXUR\XQODPHQWRGH&DVDQGUD/DREUDGH2UZHOOHVXQDYDULDFLyQSOHQDPHQWHLQJOHVDVREUHHOWHPDGH

=DPLDWLQ\TXL]iVHOFDUiFWHUHQWHUDPHQWHLQJOpVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGH2UZHOOHVORTXHGDDODRULJLQDOLGDGTXHSRVHH

3XHGHQQRHVWDUIXHUDGHOXJDUDTXtDOJXQDVSDODEUDVVREUH=DPLDWLQ(QODYLGDGHORVGRVHVFULWRUHVKD\DOJXQRVSXQWRVVHPHMDQWHV

=DPLDWLQSHUWHQHFHDXQDJHQHUDFLyQDQWHULRUQDFLyHQ\PXULyHQ6XVSULPHURVHVFULWRVFRPRDOJXQRVGHORVGH2UZHOO

IXHURQ GHVFULSFLRQHV UHDOLVWDV GH OD FODVH PHGLD EDMD (Q VX H[SHULHQFLD GH OD UHYROXFLyQ UXVD GH =DPLDWLQ GHVHPSHxy

DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHOPLVPRSDSHOTXH2UZHOOGHVHPSHxyHQODJXHUUDFLYLOGH(VSDxD3DUWLFLSyHQHOPRYLPLHQWRUHYROXFLRQDULRIXH

Page 3: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 3/12

PLHPEURGHOSDUWLGRVRFLDOGHPyFUDWDUXVRDOTXHWRGDYtDSHUWHQHFtDQEROFKHYLTXHV\PHQFKHYLTXHV\IXHSHUVHJXLGRSRU ODSROLFtD

]DULVWD&XDQGREDMyODPDUHDGHODUHYROXFLyQVXFXPELyDXQWDODQWHGH´SHVLPLVPRFyVPLFR´\URPSLyFRQHOSDUWLGRVRFLDOLVWDFRVD

TXH2UZHOOPHQRVFRQVHFXHQWHHLQIOXLGRKDVWDHOILQDOSRUXQDSURORQJDGDOHDOWDGDOVRFLDOLVPRQRKL]R(Q=DPLDWLQYHtDOD

QXHYDUHYROXFLyQFRQRMRVIUtRV\GHVLOXVLRQDGRVFRQYHQFLGRGHTXHQDGDEXHQRVDOGUtDGHHOOD7UDVXQEUHYHHQFDUFHODPLHQWRHO

JRELHUQREROFKHYLTXHOHSHUPLWLyPDUFKDUDOH[WUDQMHUR\IXHHQ3DUtVHPLJUDGRGRQGHHVFULELyDOHPSH]DUODGpFDGDGHORVYHLQWHVX

 1RVRWURV

/DDILUPDFLyQGH TXH2UZHOOKD WRPDGRGH =DPLDWLQORVSULQFLSDOHVHOHPHQWRVGH QRHVOD DGLYLQDFLyQGHXQ FUtWLFRFRQ

KDELOLGDGSDUDUDVWUHDULQIOXHQFLDVOLWHUDULDV2UZHOOFRQRFLyODQRYHODGH=DPLDWLQ\TXHGyIDVFLQDGRSRUHOOD$SURSyVLWRGHODPLVPD

HVFULELyXQHQVD\RTXHDSDUHFLyHQXQDSXEOLFDFLyQVRFLDOLVWDGHL]TXLHUGD7ULEXQHGH ODTXH2UZHOOHUDGLUHFWRUOLWHUDULRHO GH

HQHURGHUHFLpQHGLWDGD$QLPDO)DUP\DQWHVGHTXHHOSURSLR2UZHOOFRPHQ]DVHDHVFULELU (OHQVD\RHVQRWDEOHQR

VRODPHQWHFRPRXQWHVWLPRQLRFRQFOX\HQWHSURSRUFLRQDGRSRU2UZHOOPLVPRVREUHHORULJHQGH VLQRWDPELpQFRPRFRPHQWDULR

DODLGHDTXHVXE\DFHWDQWRD 1RVRWURVFRPRD

2UZHOOLQLFLDVXHQVD\RFRQODGHFODUDFLyQGHTXHGHVSXpVGHKDEHUEXVFDGRHQYDQRGXUDQWHDxRVODQRYHODGH=DPLDWLQKDEtDILQDOPHQWH FRQVHJXLGRXQD HGLFLyQ IUDQFHVD WLWXODGD 1RXVDXWUHV \ TXH OHKDEtD VRUSUHQGLGRTXHQRKXELHUD VLGR SXEOLFDGDHQ

,QJODWHUUDDXQTXHHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVKDEtDDSDUHFLGRXQDHGLFLyQTXHQRKDEtDVXVFLWDGRJUDQLQWHUpV´+DVWDGRQGH\RVR\FDSD]

GHMX]JDU²FRQWLQ~D2UZHOO²QRVHWUDWDGHXQOLEURGHSULPHURUGHQSHURHVFLHUWDPHQWHGHVDFRVWXPEUDGR\UHVXOWDVRUSUHQGHQWH

TXHQLQJ~QHGLWRULQJOpVKD\DVLGROREDVWDQWHHPSUHQGHGRUSDUDUHHGLWDUOR´(OHQVD\RFRQFOXtDFRQHVWDVSDODEUDV´(VXQOLEURTXH

KDEUiTXHEXVFDUFXDQGRDSDUH]FDXQDHGLFLyQLQJOHVD´

2UZHOODGYLUWLyTXH8QPXQGRIHOL] GH+X[OH\´WLHQHTXHGHULYDUHQSDUWH´GHODQRYHODGH=DPLDWLQ\VHSUHJXQWDEDSRUTXp´HVR

QRKDVLGRQXQFDDGYHUWLGR´(OOLEURGH=DPLDWLQHUDHQVXRSLQLyQPX\VXSHULRU\PiV´SHUWLQHQWHDQXHVWUDSURSLDVLWXDFLyQ´TXHHOGH+X[OH\7UDWDGH´ODUHEHOLyQGHOHVStULWXKXPDQRSULPLWLYRFRQWUDXQPXQGRUDFLRQDOL]DGRPHFDQL]DGR\VLQGRORU´

´6LQGRORU´QRHVODH[SUHVLyQDGHFXDGDHOPXQGRGHODYLVLyQGH=DPLDWLQHVWiWDQOOHQRGHKRUURUHVFRPRHOGH(OSURSLR

2UZHOOSUHVHQWDEDHQVXHQVD\RXQVXFLQWRFDWiORJRGHDTXHOORVKRUURUHVGHPRGRTXHHOHQVD\RSDUHFHRIUHFHUXQDVLQRSVLVGH

/RVPLHPEURVGHODVRFLHGDGGHVFULWDSRU=DPLDWLQGLFH2UZHOO´KDQSHUGLGRGHXQDPDQHUDWDQFRPSOHWDVXLQGLYLGXDOLGDGTXHVHOHV

FRQRFHVRODPHQWHSRUQ~PHURV9LYHQHQFDVDVGH YLGULR TXHSHUPLWHQD ORVSROLFtDVSROtWLFRVFRPRORVJXDUGLDQHVVXSHUYLVDUOHV

Page 4: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 4/12

FRQPD\RUIDFLOLGDG7RGRVYLVWHQXQLIRUPHVLGpQWLFRV\HOPRGRFRP~QGHKDFHUUHIHUHQFLDDXQVHUKXPDQRHVCXQQ~PHURRCXQ

XQLIXQLIRUPH´2UZHOOREVHUYDHQWUHSDUpQWHVLVTXH=DPLDWLQHVFULELy´DQWHVGHTXHVHLQYHQWDVHODWHOHYLVLyQ(Q VHLQWURGXFH

HVH UHILQDPLHQWR WHFQROyJLFR DVt FRPR ORV KHOLFySWHURV GHVGH ORV FXDOHV OD SROLFtD VXSHUYLVD ORV KRJDUHV GH ORV FLXGDGDQRV GH

´2FHDQtD´HQORVSDVDMHVLQLFLDOHVGHODQRYHOD(Q ODVRFLHGDGIXWXUDGH=DPLDWLQFRPRHQ HODPRUHVWiSURKLELGRHO WUDWR

VH[XDOHVWiHVWULFWDPHQWHUDFLRQDGR\ VyORVH SHUPLWHFRPRXQDFWRQR HPRFLRQDO(O(VWDGR~QLFRHVJREHUQDGRSRUXQD SHUVRQD

FRQRFLGDSRU´HO%HQHIDFWRU´SUHFHGHQWHREYLRGHO*UDQ+HUPDQR

´(OSULQFLSLRJXtDGHOHVWDGRHVTXHIHOLFLGDG\OLEHUWDGVRQLQFRPSDWLEOHV(O(VWDGR~QLFRKDUHVWDEOHFLGRODIHOLFLGDGGHOKRPEUH

VXSULPLHQGRODOLEHUWDG´2UZHOOGHVFULEHDOSHUVRQDMHSULQFLSDOGH=DPLDWLQFRPR´XQDHVSHFLHGHXWySLFR%LOO\%URZQGHODFLXGDG

GH/RQGUHV´TXHHVWi´FRQVWDQWHPHQWH KRUURUL]DGRSRU ORV LPSXOVRV DWiYLFRVTXH VHDSRGHUDQGHpO´(Q ODQRYHODGH2UZHOHVH

XWySLFR%LOO\%URZQOOHYDSRUQRPEUH:LQVWRQ6PLWK\VXSUREOHPDHVHOPLVPR

7DPELpQSRUORTXHUHVSHFWDDOSULQFLSDO PRWLI  GHVXDUJXPHQWRHVWi2UZHOOHQGHXGDFRQHOHVFULWRUUXVR9HDPRVODGHILQLFLyQGHO

 SURSLR2UZHOO´$ SHVDUGH ODHGXFDFLyQ\ GHODYLJLODQFLDGHORVJXDUGLDQHVPXFKRVGHORVDQWLJXRVLQVWLQWRVKXPDQRVHVWiQD~Q

 SUHVHQWHV (OSHUVRQDMHSULQFLSDOGHODREUDGH=DPLDWLQ´VHHQDPRUDORFXDOHV GHVGHOXHJRXQFULPHQGH, ORPLVPRTXH:LQVWRQ6PLWKFRPHWHHOFULPHQGHHQDPRUDUVHGH-XOLD(QODQRYHODGH=DPLDWLQFRPRHQODGH2UZHOOHODVXQWRDPRURVRVHPH]FOD

FRQ ODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHOKpURHHQ XQ ´PRYLPLHQWRGH UHVLVWHQFLDFODQGHVWLQR /RV UHEHOGHVGH=DPLDWLQ´DSDUWH GH FRQVSLUDUSDUD

GHUURFDUHO HVWDGR VHHQWUHJDQWDPELpQFXDQGREDMDQODVFRUWLQDVD YLFLRV WDOHV FRPRIXPDUFLJDUULOORV\ EHEHUDOFRKRO´:LQVWRQ

6PLWK\-XOLDVHSHUPLWHQEHEHU´YHUGDGHURFDIpFRQYHUGDGHURD]~FDU´HQVXHVFRQGULMRVREUHODWLHQGDGH&KDUULQJWRQ(QDPEDV

QRYHODVHOFULPHQ\ODFRQVSLUDFLyQVRQGHVGHOXHJRGHVFXELHUWRVSRUORVJXDUGLDQHVRODSROLFtDGHSHQVDPLHQWR\HQDPEDVHOKpURH

HV´ILQDOPHQWHVDOYDGRGHODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVGHVXSURSLDORFXUD´

/DFRPELQDFLyQGH´FXUDFLyQ´\WRUWXUDSRUODTXHORVUHEHOGHVGH=DPLDWLQ\GH2UZHOOVRQ´OLEHUDGRV´GHVXVLPSXOVRVDWiYLFRVKDVWDTXHHPSLH]DQDDPDUDO%HQHIDFWRURDO*UDQ+HUPDQRVRQVXPDPHQWHSDUHFLGDV(Q=DPLDWLQ

´/DVDXWRULGDGHVDQXQFLDQTXHKDQGHVFXELHUWRODFDXVDGHORVUHFLHQWHVGHVyUGHQHVHVTXHDOJXQRVVHUHVKXPDQRVVXIUHQGHXQD

HQIHUPHGDGOODPDGD LPDJLQDFLyQ (OFHQWURQHUYLRVR UHVSRQVDEOH GHOD LPDJLQDFLyQKD VLGRORFDOL]DGR\ ODHQIHUPHGDG SXHGHVHU 

FXUDGDPHGLDQWHXQWUDWDPLHQWRGHUD\RV;'VXIUHODRSHUDFLyQGHVSXpVGHORFXDOOHHVIiFLOKDFHUORTXHVLHPSUHKDVDELGRTXH

GHEHUtDKDFHUGHODWDUDODSROLFtDDVXVFDPDUDGDVGHFRQVSLUDFLyQ´

Page 5: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 5/12

(QDPEDVQRYHODVHODFWRGHODFRQIHVLyQ\ODWUDLFLyQGHODPXMHUDODTXHHOKpURHDPDVRQORVVKRFNVFXUDWLYRV

2UZHOOFLWDODVLJXLHQWHHVFHQDGHWRUWXUDGHODREUDGH=DPLDWLQ

´(OODPHPLUDEDFRQODVPDQRVDSUHWDGDVHQORVEUD]RVGHOVLOOyQKDVWDTXHORVRMRVVHOHFHUUDURQSRUFRPSOHWR6HODOOHYDURQGHDOOtOD

YROYLHURQHQVtSRUPHGLRGHXQHOHFWURVKRFN\YROYLHURQDFRORFDUODEDMRODFDPSDQD/DRSHUDFLyQVHUHSLWLyGXUDQWHWUHVYHFHV\QL

XQDVRODSDODEUDVDOLyGHVXVODELRV´

(QODVHVFHQDVGHWRUWXUDGH2UZHOOVHGDQDEXQGDQWHPHQWHORVHOHFWURVKRFNV\ORVEUD]RVGHVLOOyQSHUR2UZHOOHVPXFKRPiV

LQWHQVR\VDGRPDVRTXLVWDHQVXVGHVFULSFLRQHVGHODFUXHOGDG\HOGRORU3RUHMHPSOR

´6LQQLQJXQDDGYHUWHQFLDDQRVHUXQOLJHURPRYLPLHQWRGHODVPDQRVGH2%ULHQXQDRQGDGHGRORUVDOLyGHVXFXHUSR(UDXQGRORU 

HVSDQWRVRSRUTXHpOQRSRGtDYHUORTXHVXFHGtD\WHQtDODVHQVDFLyQGHTXHVHOHHVWDEDKDFLHQGRDOJ~QGDxRPRUWDO1RVDEtDVLOD

FRVDHVWDEDRFXUULHQGRUHDOPHQWHRVLHOHIHFWRVHSURGXFtDHOpFWULFDPHQWHSHURVXFXHUSRKDEtDVLGRYLROHQWDPHQWHUHWRUFLGRKDVWD

TXHGDUGHIRUPDGRVXVDUWLFXODFLRQHVHVWDEDQVLHQGROHQWDPHQWHGHVJDUUDGDV$XQTXHHOGRORUOHFXEUtDODIUHQWHGHVXGRUORSHRUGH

WRGRHUDHOPLHGRGHTXHVXHVSLQD]RHVWDEDDSXQWRGHHVWDOODU$SUHWDEDORVGLHQWHV\UHVSLUDEDFRQGLILFXOWDGSRUODQDUL]WUDWDQGRGH

JXDUGDUVLOHQFLRHOPD\RUWLHPSRSRVLEOH´

/DOLVWDGHORVSXQWRVHQTXH2UZHOOFRSLDD=DPLDWLQHVWiOHMRVGHVHUFRPSOHWDSHURGHMHPRVDKRUDODWUDPDGHODVGRVQRYHODVSDUD

RFXSDUQRVGHVXLGHDGHIRQGR$OFRPSDUDUD=DPLDWLQFRQ+X[OH\2UZHOOGLFH

´(VVXFDSWDFLyQLQWXLWLYDGHOODGRLUUDFLRQDOGHOWRWDOLWDULVPRHOVDFULILFLRKXPDQRODFUXHOGDGFRPRXQILQHQVtHOFXOWRDXQMHIHDO

TXHVHFRQFHGHQDWULEXWRVGLYLQRVORTXHKDFHDOOLEURGH=DPLDWLQVXSHULRUDOGH+X[OH\´

<HVRPLVPRHVSRGHPRVDxDGLUQRVRWURVORTXHOHKDFHPRGHORGHOGH2UZHOO$OFULWLFDUD+X[OH\2UZHOOHVFULEHTXHQRVDEtD

HQFRQWUDUQLQJXQDUD]yQFODUDSDUDTXHODVRFLHGDGGH8QPXQGRIHOL] HVWXYLHVHWDQUtJLGD\HODERUDGDPHQWHHVWUDWLILFDGD

´/DILQDOLGDGQRHVODH[SORWDFLyQHFRQyPLFDQRKD\KDPEUHGHSRGHUQLVDGLVPRQLQLQJXQDFODVHGHGXUH]D/RVTXHHVWiQDUULED

QRWLHQHQQLQJ~QPRWLYRIXHUWHSDUDHVWDUDUULED\DXQTXHWRGRHOPXQGRHVIHOL]GHXQDPDQHUDYDFtDODYLGDVHKDKHFKRWDQ

LQVXVWDQFLDOTXHHVGLItFLOTXHWDOVRFLHGDGSXGLHUDPDQWHQHUVH´HOVXEUD\DGRHVPtR

(QFRQWUDVWHODVRFLHGDGGHDQWLXWRStDGH=DPLDWLQSRGUtDGXUDUVHJ~QODRSLQLyQGH2UZHOOSRUTXHHQHOODHOVXSUHPRPRWLYRGH

DFFLyQ \ ODUD]yQGHOD HVWUDWLILFDFLyQ VRFLDO QRHV ODH[SORWDFLyQ HFRQyPLFD SDUD ODTXHQRKD\QHFHVLGDG VLQRSUHFLVDPHQWH´HO

Page 6: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 6/12

KDPEUHGHSRGHUVDGLVPR\GXUH]D´GHORVTXH´HVWiQDUULED´(VIiFLOUHFRQRFHUHQHVRHO OHLWPRWLYGH

(Q ´2FHDQtD HOGHVDUUROORWHFQROyJLFRKDDOFDQ]DGRXQQLYHO WDQDOWR TXH ODVRFLHGDGSRGUtD VDWLVIDFHU SHUIHFWDPHQWHWRGDV VXV

QHFHVLGDGHVPDWHULDOHV\ HVWDEOHFHUOD LJXDOGDG3HURODGHVLJXDOGDG\ ODSREUH]DVHPDQWLHQHQSDUDFRQVHUYDUHQ HOSRGHU DO*UDQ

+HUPDQR(QHOSDVDGRGLFH2UZHOOODGLFWDGXUDVDOYDJXDUGDEDODGHVLJXDOGDGDKRUDODGHVLJXDOGDGVDOYDJXDUGDODGLFWDGXUD3HUR¢D

TXpSURSyVLWRVLUYHDVXYH]ODGLFWDGXUD"

´(O SDUWLGRTXLHUHHO SRGHU VLPSOHPHQWH SRU HOSRGHU HO SRGHU QRHV XQPHGLR HV XQILQ 1R VHHVWDEOHFHXQD GLFWDGXUD SDUD

VDOYDJXDUGDUXQDUHYROXFLyQVHKDFHOD UHYROXFLyQSDUDHVWDEOHFHUOD GLFWDGXUD(OREMHWRGHOD SHUVHFXFLyQHVODSHUVHFXFLyQ(O

REMHWRGHOSRGHUHVHOSRGHU´

2UZHOOVHSUHJXQWDEDVL=DPLDWLQ´SUHWHQGtDTXHHOUpJLPHQVRYLpWLFRIXHVHHOREMHWLYRHVSHFLDOGH VXViWLUD 1RHVWDEDVHJXURGH

HVR

´$ORTXH=DPLDWLQSDUHFHDSXQWDUQRHVDXQDQDFLyQSDUWLFXODUVLQRDORVREMHWLYRVLPSOtFLWRVGHODFLYLOL]DFLyQLQGXVWULDO1RVRWURV

HYLGHQFLDTXH=DPLDWLQWHQtDXQDIXHUWHLQFOLQDFLyQDOSULPLWLYLVPR 1RVRW URVHVHQHIHFWRXQHVWXGLRGHOD0iTXLQDHOJHQLRDOTXH

HOKRPEUHLUUHIOH[LYDPHQWHKDKHFKRVDOLUGHVXERWHOOD\DOTXHQRSXHGHYROYHUDHQFHUUDUHQpVWD´

7DPELpQHQHVSDWHQWHHVDDPELJHGDGHQODVLQWHQFLRQHVGHODXWRU

/DFRQMHWXUDGH2UZHOOVREUH=DPLDWLQHUDFRUUHFWD$XQTXH=DPLDWLQVHRSRQtDDOUpJLPHQVRYLpWLFRORTXHpOVDWLUL]DEDQRHUDQL

H[FOXVLYDQLSULQFLSDOPHQWHGLFKRUpJLPHQ&RPRREVHUYyDFHUWDGDPHQWH2UZHOOOD5XVLDVRYLpWLFDGHORVSULPHURVDxRVWHQtDSRFRV

UDVJRVHQFRP~QFRQHOVXSHUPHFDQL]DGRHVWDGRGHODDQWLXWRStDGH=DPLDWLQ/D LQFOLQDFLyQGHpVWHKDFLDHOSULPLWLYLVPRHVWDEDHQ

OtQHDFRQXQDWUDGLFLyQUXVDFRQODHVODYRILOLD\ODKRVWLOLGDGKDFLDHO2FFLGHQWHEXUJXpVFRQ ODJORULILFDFLyQGHOPXMLN \GHODYLHMD

5XVLDSDWULDUFDOFRQ7ROVWRL\'RVWR\HYVNL+DVWDHQVXFRQGLFLyQGHHPLJUDGR=DPLDWLQHVWDEDGHVLOXVLRQDGRGHO2FFLGHQWHDOD

PDQHUDUXVD$YHFHVSDUHFLyPHGLRUHFRQFLOLDGRFRQHOUpJLPHQVRYLpWLFRFXDQGRpVWHHVWDED\DSURGXFLHQGRVX%HQHIDFWRUHQOD

 SHUVRQDGH6WDOLQ(QODPHGLGDHQTXHGLULJtDORVGDUGRVGHVXViWLUDFRQWUDHOEROFKHYLVPRORKDFtDVREUHODEDVHGHTXHpVWHHVWDED

HPSHxDGRHQUHHPSOD]DUODYLHMD5XVLDSULPLWLYDSRUODVRFLHGDGPRGHUQDPHFDQL]DGD'HXQPRGREDVWDQWHFXULRVR=DPLDWLQVLWXy

VXKLVWRULDHQHODxR\SDUHFtDGHFLUDORVEROFKHYLTXHVpVHVHUiHODVSHFWRGH5XVLDVLFRQVHJXtVGDUDYXHVWURUpJLPHQHOIRQGR

GHODWHFQRORJtDRFFLGHQWDO(Q=DPLDWLQFRPRHQDOJXQRVRWURVLQWHOHFWXDOHVUXVRVGHVLOXVLRQDGRVGHOVRFLDOLVPRHODQKHORDxRUDQWH

GHORVPRGRVSULPLWLYRVGHSHQVDPLHQWR\YLGDHUDQDWXUDOSRUFXDQWRHOSULPLWLYLVPRHVWDEDWRGDYtDPX\YLYRHQHOWUDVIRQGRUXVR

Page 7: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 7/12

(Q2UZHOOQRKDEtDQLSRGtDKDEHUHVDDXWpQWLFDQRVWDOJLDGHODVRFLHGDGSUHLQGXVWULDO(OSULPLWLYLVPRQRWHQtDSDUWHDOJXQDHQVX

H[SHULHQFLDDQRVHUGXUDQWHVXHVWDQFLDHQ%LUPDQLDGRQGHOHDWUDMRIXHUWHPHQWH3HUR2UZHOOHVWDEDDWHUURUL]DGRSRUORVXVRVTXH

 SRGUtDQGDUD ODWHFQRORJtDKRPEUHVGLVSXHVWRVDHVFODYL]DUD ODVRFLHGDG\DVtWDPELpQpOOOHJyDSRQHUHQFXHVWLyQ\ VDWLUL]DU´ORV

REMHWLYRVLPSOtFLWRVGHODFLYLOL]DFLyQLQGXVWULDO´

$XQTXHVXViWLUDHVWiPiVFODUDPHQWHGLULJLGDFRQWUDOD8QLyQ6RYLpWLFDTXH ODGH=DPLDWLQ2UZHOOYHtDWDPELpQHOHPHQWRVGHVX

´2FHDQtD´HQOD,QJODWHUUDGHVXSURSLRWLHPSRSDUDQRKDEODUGHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV(QUHDOLGDGODVRFLHGDGGH HQFDUQDWRGRORTXHpORGLDEDWRGRORTXHOHGLVJXVWDEDHQVXSURSLDFLUFXQVWDQFLDODJULVPRQRWRQtDGHOVXEXUELRLQGXVWULDOLQJOpVOD´PXJULHQWD

WL]QDGD\KHGLRQGD´IHDOGDGGHORTXHWUDWDEDGHUHFRJHUHQVXHVWLORQDWXUDOLVWDUHLWHUDWLYRRSUHVLYRHOUDFLRQDPLHQWRGHODFRPLGD\

ORVFRQWUROHVJXEHUQDWLYRVTXHFRQRFLyHQOD*UDQ%UHWDxDHQJXHUUDOD´EDVXUDGHSHULyGLFRVTXHDSHQDVFRQWLHQHQRWUDFRVDTXH

GHSRUWHVFUtPHQHVDVWURORJtDVHQVDFLRQDOHVQRYHOXFKDVEDUDWDVSHOtFXODVHQFHQDJDGDVHQHOVH[R´2UZHOOVDEtDELHQTXHHQOD5XVLD

VWDOLQLVWDQRH[LVWtDQSHULyGLFRVGHHVHWLSR\TXHORVGHIHFWRVGHODSUHQVDVWDOLQLVWDHUDQGHXQDHVSHFLHHQWHUDPHQWHGLIHUHQWH(O

´QHRGHFLU´PXFKRPiVTXHXQDViWLUDGHOOHQJXDMHVWDOLQLVWDORHVGHODMHUJDHVWHUHRWLSDGDGHOSHULRGLVPRDQJORQRUWHDPHULFDQRTXH

pOGHWHVWDED\FRQHOTXHFRPRSHULRGLVWDHQDFWLYRHVWDEDIDPLOLDUL]DGR

(VIiFLOVHxDODUORVUDVJRVGHOSDUWLGRGHTXHVDWLUL]DQDOSDUWLGRODERULVWDEULWiQLFRPiVTXHDOSDUWLGRFRPXQLVWDVRYLpWLFR(O

*UDQ+HUPDQR\VXVVHFXDFHVQRKDFHQLQWHQWRDOJXQRGHDGRFWULQDUDODFODVHREUHUDXQDRPLVLyQTXH2UZHOOKDEUtDVLGRHO~OWLPRHQ

UHIHULUDOVWDOLQLVPR6XVSUROHWDULRV´YHJHWDQ´´PXFKRWUDEDMRGLVJXVWRVPH]TXLQRVSHOtFXODVMXHJROOHQDQVXKRUL]RQWHPHQWDO´

&RPRORVSHULyGLFRVEDVXUD\ODVSHOtFXODVHQFHQDJDGDVHQHOVH[RHOMXHJRHOQXHYRRSLRGHOSXHEORSHVDSRFRHQODHVFHQDUXVD(O

PLQLVWHULRGHOD9HUGDGHVXQDWUDQVSDUHQWHFDULFDWXUDGHOPLQLVWHULRGH,QIRUPDFLyQGH/RQGUHVGXUDQWHODJXHUUD(OPRQVWUXRGHOD

YLVLyQGH2UZHOOFRPRWRGDSHVDGLOODHVWiKHFKRGHWRGDFODVHGHURVWURVUDVJRV\IRUPDVIDPLOLDUHV\QR IDPLOLDUHV(OWDOHQWR\OD

RULJLQDOLGDGGH2UZHOOVHKDFHQSDWHQWHVHQORVDVSHFWRVGRPpVWLFRVGHVXViWLUD3HURHQODERJDDOFDQ]DGDSRU HVRVDVSHFWRV

DSHQDVKDQVLGRQRWDGRV

HVXQGRFXPHQWRGHRVFXUDGHVLOXVLyQQRVyORSRUHOVWDOLQLVPRVLQRSRUWRGDVODVIRUPDV\HVTXHPDVGHVRFLDOLVPR(VXQ

JULWRVDOLGRGHODELVPRGHODGHVHVSHUDFLyQ¢4XpHVORTXHVXPHUJLyD2UZHOOHQWDODELVPR")XHVLQQLQJXQDGXGDHOHVSHFWiFXORGH

ODVJUDQGHVSXUJDVVWDOLQLVWDVGHFX\DVUHSHUFXVLRQHVH[SHULPHQWypOHQ&DWDOXxD&RPRKRPEUHVHQVLEOHHtQWHJURQRSRGtD

UHDFFLRQDU DQWH DTXHOODVSXUJDVPiV TXHFRQ LUD \ KRUURU 6X FRQFLHQFLD QRSRGtD VHU FDOPDGDSRU ODV MXVWLILFDFLRQHV \ VRILVPDV

VWDOLQLVWDVTXHSRUHQWRQFHVFDOPDURQODFRQFLHQFLDGHSRUHMHPSOR$UWKXU.RHVWOHUHVFULWRUGHJUDQEULOODQWH]\ FRPSOHMLGDGSHUR

Page 8: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 8/12

LQIHULRUHQUHVROXFLyQPRUDO/DVMXVWLILFDFLRQHV\VRILVPDVVWDOLQLVWDVHVWDEDQDOPLVPRWLHPSRSRUGHEDMR\SRUHQFLPDGHOQLYHOGH

UD]RQDPLHQWRGH2UZHOOHVWDEDQSRUGHEDMR\SRUHQFLPDGHOVHQWLGRFRP~Q\HOHPSLULVPRREVWLQDGRGHO%LOO\%URZQGHODFLXGDGGH

/RQGUHVFRQHOTXH2UZHOOVHLGHQWLILFDEDLQFOXVRHQVXVPRPHQWRVPiVUHEHOGHVRUHYROXFLRQDULRV(VWDEDXOWUDMDGRFRQPRFLRQDGR

VDFXGLGRHQVXVFUHHQFLDV1XQFD KDEtDVLGRPLHPEURGHOSDUWLGRFRPXQLVWD3HURFRPRDGLFWRDO VHPLWURWVNLVWD3280 KDEtD

DFHSWDGRWiFLWDPHQWHDSHVDUGHWRGDVVXVUHVHUYDVXQDFLHUWDFRPXQLGDGGHSURSyVLWRV\XQDVROLGDULGDGFRQHOUpJLPHQVRYLpWLFRD

WUDYpVGHWRGDVVXVYLFLVLWXGHV\WUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVTXHHUDQSDUDpODOJRRVFXUDV\H[yWLFDV

/DVSXUJDV\VXVUHSHUFXVLRQHVHQ(VSDxDQRVRODPHQWHGHVWUX\HURQDTXHOODFRPXQLGDGGHSURSyVLWRVQRVRODPHQWHOHKLFLHURQYHU 

ODEUHFKD HQWUHVWDOLQLVWDV \ DQWLVWDOLQLVWDVTXH VHDEUtD V~ELWDPHQWH HQHOLQWHULRU GH OD(VSDxDUHSXEOLFDQD HQJXHUUD(VHHIHFWR

LQPHGLDWRGHODVSXUJDVHUDSRFDFRVDDOODGRGHO´ODGRLUUDFLRQDOGHOWRWDOLWDULVPRVDFULILFLRVKXPDQRVFUXHOGDGFRPRXQILQHQVtHO

FXOWR GH XQ MHIH \ ´HO FRORU GH ODV VLQLHVWUDV FLYLOL]DFLRQHV HVFODYLVWDV GHO PXQGR DQWLJXR TXH VH H[WHQGtD VREUH OD VRFLHGDG

FRQWHPSRUiQHD

&RPRODPD\RUtDGHORVVRFLDOLVWDVEULWiQLFRV2UZHOOQRKDEtDVLGRQXQFDPDU[LVWD/DILORVRItDGHOPDWHULDOLVPRGLDOpFWLFROHKDEtD

 SDUHFLGRVLHPSUHGHPDVLDGRDEVWUXVD'HXQPRGRPiVLQVWLQWLYRTXHFRQVFLHQWHKDEtDVLGRXQILUPHUDFLRQDOLVWD/DGLVWLQFLyQHQWUHPDU[LVWD\UDFLRQDOLVWDHVGHDOJXQDLPSRUWDQFLD&RQWUDULDPHQWHDXQDRSLQLyQPX\H[WHQGLGDHQWUHORVSDtVHVDQJORVDMRQHVODILORVRItD

PDU[LVWDQRHVUDFLRQDOLVWDHOPDU[LVPRQRVXSRQHTXHORVVHUHVKXPDQRVHVWpQJXLDGRVSRUUHJODJHQHUDOSRUPRWLYRVUDFLRQDOHVQL

TXHVHOHVSXHGDSHUVXDGLUSRUPHGLRGHODUD]yQDTXHVHKDJDQVRFLDOLVWDV(OPLVPR0DU[FRPLHQ]D  (O&DSLWDO FRQVXHODERUDGD

LQYHVWLJDFLyQILORVyILFDHKLVWyULFDGHORVPRGRVGHFRQGXFWD\SHQVDPLHQWR´IHWLFKLVWD´DUUDLJDGRVHQOD´SURGXFFLyQGHPHUFDQFtDV´

HVGHFLUHQHOWUDEDMRGHOKRPEUHSDUDXQPHUFDGR\HQGHSHQGHQFLDGHpVWH/DOXFKDGHFODVHVVHJ~Q0DU[ODGHVFULEHHVFXDOTXLHU 

FRVDDQWHVTXHXQSURFHVRUDFLRQDO(VRQRLPSLGHTXHORVUDFLRQDOLVWDVGHOVRFLDOLVPRVHGHILQDQDVtPLVPRVDYHFHVFRPRPDU[LVWDV

3HURHODXWpQWLFRPDU[LVWDSXHGHSUHWHQGHUHVWDUPHMRUSUHSDUDGRTXHHOUDFLRQDOLVWDSDUDODVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVGHODLUUDFLRQDOLGDGHQORV

DVXQWRV KXPDQRV LQFOXVR SDUDPDQLIHVWDFLRQHV WDOHVFRPR ODV JUDQGHV SXUJDV GH6WDOLQ(O PDU[LVWDSXHGH VHQWLUVH WUDVWRUQDGRR

PRUWLILFDGR SRU HOODV SHUR QR QHFHVLWD VHQWLUVH VDFXGLGR HQ VX :HOWDQVFKDXXQJ  PLHQWUDV TXH HO UDFLRQDOLVWD HVWi SHUGLGR \

GHVDPSDUDGRFXDQGRODLUUDFLRQDOLGDGGHODH[LVWHQFLDKXPDQDOHPLUDV~ELWDPHQWHDODFDUD6LVHDIHUUDDVXUDFLRQDOLVPRODUHDOLGDG

OHHVFDSD6LSHUVLJXHODUHDOLGDG\WUDWDGHDJDUUDUODWLHQHTXHVHSDUDUVHGHVXUDFLRQDOLVPR

2UZHOOSHUVLJXLyODUHDOLGDG\VHHQFRQWUyDVtPLVPRGHVSRMDGRGHVXVVXSXHVWRVFRQVFLHQWHVHLQFRQVFLHQWHVVREUHODYLGD$SDUWLU 

GHHQWRQFHVVXSHQVDPLHQWRQRSRGtDDSDUWDUVHGHODVSXUJDV'LUHFWDHLQGLUHFWDPHQWHpVWDVOHSURSRUFLRQDURQORVWHPDVGHFDVLWRGR

Page 9: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 9/12

ORTXHHVFULELyGHVSXpVGHVXH[SHULHQFLDHQ(VSDxD(UDXQDREVHVLyQKRQRUDEOHODREVHVLyQGHXQDPHQWHQRLQFOLQDGDDGHIUDXGDUVH

FyPRGDPHQWHDVtPLVPD\DGHMDUGHOXFKDUFRQXQDODUPDQWHSUREOHPDPRUDO3HURHQODOXFKDFRQODVSXUJDVODPHQWHGH2UZHOO

TXHGyLQIHFWDGDGHODLUUDFLRQDOLGDGGHDTXpOODV6HHQFRQWUyLQFDSD]GHH[SOLFDUORTXHKDEtDVXFHGLGRHQWpUPLQRVTXHOHIXHUDQ

IDPLOLDUHVORVWpUPLQRVGHOVHQWLGRFRP~QHPSLULVWD$ODEDQGRQDUHOUDFLRQDOLVPRIXHYLHQGRFDGDYH]PiVODUHDOLGDGDWUDYpVGHODV

JDIDVRVFXUDVGHXQSHVLPLVPRFDVLPtVWLFR

6HKDGLFKRTXHHVODLQYHQFLyQGHODLPDJLQDFLyQGHXQKRPEUHPRULEXQGR+D\HQHVRDOJRGHYHUGDGSHURQR WRGDODYHUGDG )XH FLHUWDPHQWH HQ OD ~OWLPD OODPDUDGD DJRQL]DQWH \ IHEULO GH VX YLGD FXDQGR 2UZHOO HVFULELy HVH OLEUR 'H DKt OD

H[WUDRUGLQDULDODGHVOXPEUDGRUDLQWHQVLGDGGHVXYLVLyQ\GHVXOHQJXDMH\ODFDVLItVLFDLQPHGLDWH]FRQTXHVXIUtDODVWRUWXUDVTXHVX

LPDJLQDFLyQFUHDGRUDKDFtDSDGHFHUDVXSURWDJRQLVWD,GHQWLILFDEDVXSURSLDWDPEDOHDQWHH[LVWHQFLDItVLFDFRQHOFXHUSRGHFDtGR\

HQFRJLGRGH:LQVWRQ 6PLWK DOTXHFRPXQLFDED SRU DVt GHFLUOR VX SURSLD DJRQtD3UR\HFWy ORV ~OWLPRV HVSDVPRVGH VX SURSLR

VXIULPLHQWRHQODVSiJLQDVILQDOHVGHVX~OWLPROLEUR3HURODH[SOLFDFLyQSULQFLSDOGHODOyJLFDLQWHUQDGHODGHVLOXVLyQ\HOSHVLPLVPRGH

2UZHOOQRVHHQFXHQWUDHQODDJRQtDPRUWDOGHOHVFULWRUVLQRHQODH[SHULHQFLD\HOSHQVDPLHQWRGHOKRPEUHYLYR\HQVXUHDFFLyQ

FRQYXOVLYDGHVXUDFLRQDOLVPRGHUURWDGR

´(QWLHQGRFyPRQRHQWLHQGR32548e´HVHOHVWULELOORGH:LQVWRQ6PLWKVDEHFyPRIXQFLRQD´2FHDQtD´\FyPRIXQFLRQD

VXHODERUDGRPHFDQLVPRGHWLUDQtDSHURQRVDEHFXiOHVVX~OWLPDFDXVDQLVX~OWLPDILQDOLGDG6HGLULJHHQEXVFDGHUHVSXHVWDDODV

 SiJLQDVGH´HOOLEUR´HOPLVWHULRVRFOiVLFRGH´FULPLQRSHQVDU TXHVHDWULEX\HD(PPDQXHO*ROGVWHLQHOLQVSLUDGRUGHODKHUPDQGDG

FRQVSLUDWRULD3HURVRODPHQWHFRQVLJXHOHHUDTXHOORVFDStWXORVGH´HOOLEUR´TXHWUDWDQGHOFyPR/DSROLFtDGHSHQVDPLHQWRFDHVREUHpO

 MXVWDPHQWHFXDQGRHVWiDSXQWRGHHPSH]DUDOHHUORVFDStWXORVTXHSURPHWHQH[SOLFDUHO32548e\ODSUHJXQWDTXHGDVLQUHVSXHVWD

eVHIXHHOSUREOHPDGHOSURSLR2UZHOO3UHJXQWDEDHOSRUTXpQRWDQWRDSURSyVLWRGHOD´2FHDQLD´GHVXYLVLyQFXDQWRDSURSyVLWR

GHOVWDOLQLVPR\ ODVJUDQGHVSXUJDV(QXQGHWHUPLQDGRPRPHQWREXVFyODUHVSXHVWDHQ7URWVNLGH7URWVNL%URQVWHLQWRPyORVSRFRVGDWRVELRJUiILFRVHLQFOXVRODILVRQRPtD\HOQRPEUHMXGtRSDUD(PPDQXHO*ROGVWHLQ\ORVIUDJPHQWRVGH´HOOLEUR´TXHRFXSDQWDQWDV

 SiJLQDVGH VRQ XQDSDUiIUDVLV SDWHQWH DXQTXH QRPX\ ORJUDGD GH /D UHYROXFLyQ WUDLFLRQDGD $ 2UZHOO OH LPSUHVLRQy OD

JUDQGH]DPRUDOGH7URWVNLSHURDOPLVPRWLHPSRHQSDUWHGHVFRQILDEDGHpVWH\HQSDUWHGXGDEDGHVXDXWHQWLFLGDG/DDPELYDOHQFLD

GHVXLPDJHQGH7URWVNLHQFXHQWUDVXFRQWUDSDUWLGDHQODDFWLWXGGH:LQVWRQ6PLWKKDFLD*ROGVWHLQ$OILQDO6PLWKQRSXHGHSRQHUHQ

FODURVL*ROGVWHLQ\ODKHUPDQGDGH[LVWLHURQDOJXQDYH]HQUHDOLGDGRVL´ HO OLEUR´QRKDEUtDVLGRXQDIDOVLILFDFLyQLGHDGDSRUODSURSLD

 SROLFtDGHSHQVDPLHQWR/DEDUUHUDHQWUHHOSHQVDPLHQWRGH7URWVNL\pOPLVPRXQDEDUUHUDTXH2UZHOOQXQFDSXGROOHJDUDURPSHUHUD

Page 10: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 10/12

HOPDU[LVPR\HOPDWHULDOLVPRGLDOpFWLFR2UZHOOHQFRQWUyHQ7URWVNLODUHVSXHVWDDOFyPRQRDOSRUTXp

3HUR2UZHOOQRKDEUtDSRGLGRVDWLVIDFHUVHFRQXQDJQRVWLFLVPRKLVWyULFR(OHUDWRGRPHQRVXQHVFpSWLFR6XFRQVWLWXFLyQPHQWDOHUD

PiVELHQODGHOIDQiWLFRGHWHUPLQDGRDKDOODUXQDUHVSXHVWDDVXSUHJXQWDXQDUHVSXHVWDUiSLGD\FODUD/HWHQtDQHQXQDWHQVLyQOOHQD

GHGHVFRQILDQ]D\ VRVSHFKDVODVRVFXUDVFRQVSLUDFLRQHVPDTXLQDGDVSRU HOORVFRQWUD ODVEXHQDV FRVWXPEUHVGH%LOO\%URZQ GH OD

FLXGDGGH/RQGUHV (OORVHUDQORVQD]LV\ORVVWDOLQLVWDV\&KXUFKLOO\5RRVHYHOW\HQGHILQLWLYDWRGRVORVTXHWXYLHUDQDOJXQD

UDLVRQGpWDW  TXHGHIHQGHU SRUTXH HQHO IRQGR2UZHOOHUDXQFDQGRURVRDQDUTXLVWD \DVXV RMRVFXDOTXLHUPRYLPLHQWRSROtWLFR SHUGtDVX´UD]yQGHVHU GHVGHHOPRPHQWRHQTXHDGTXLUtDXQD´UD]yQGHHVWDGR (ODQDOL]DUXQFRPSOLFDGRWHOyQGHIRQGRVRFLDOHO

YHULILFDU \ GHVHQUHGDU PDUDxDV GH PRWLYRV SROtWLFRV FiOFXORV PLHGRV \ VRVSHFKDV \ GLVFHUQLU OD FRQGLFLRQDQWH SUHVLyQ GH ODV

FLUFXQVWDQFLDV GHWUiV GH ODDFFLyQ GHDTXpOORV HUDQ FRVDVTXH HVWDEDQ IXHUDGH VXDOFDQFH/DVJHQHUDOL]DFLRQHV VREUH IXHU]DV \

WHQGHQFLDVVRFLDOHVHLQHYLWDELOLGDGHVKLVWyULFDVOHKDFtDQHUL]DUVHGHVXVSLFDFLD1RREVWDQWHVLQDOJXQDVJHQHUDOL]DFLRQHVGHHVHWLSR

DGHFXDGD\SDUFDPHQWHHPSOHDGDVQRHVSRVLEOHGDUXQDUHVSXHVWDUHDOLVWDD ODSUHJXQWDTXHSUHRFXSDEDD2UZHOO6XPLUDGDHVWDED

ILMDHQORViUEROHVRPHMRUGLFKRHQXQVRORiUEROSXHVWRDQWHVXVRMRV\HVWDEDFDVLFLHJRSDUDYHUHOERVTXH$SHVDUGHORFXDOVX

GHVFRQILDQ]DDQWHODVJHQHUDOL]DFLRQHVKLVWyULFDVOHFRQGXMRILQDOPHQWHDDGRSWDU\DEUD]DUODPiVYLHMDODPiVWULYLDOODPiVDEVWUDFWD

ODPiVPHWDItVLFD\ODPiVLQIHFXQGDGHWRGDVODVJHQHUDOL]DFLRQHVWRGDVODVFRQVSLUDFLRQHVWRGRVORVFRPSORWV\ODVSXUJDV\ODV

FRPSRQHQGDVGLSORPiWLFDVGH HOORVWHQtDQXQDIXHQWH\WDQVyORXQDIXHQWH´KDPEUHViGLFDGHSRGHU´'HHVHPRGR2UZHOOVDOWy

GHVGHHOVHQWLGRFRP~QUDFLRQDOLVWD\FRWLGLDQRDOPLVWLFLVPRGHODFUXHOGDGTXHLQVSLUD

(VDRSLQLyQVHEDVDWDQWRHQUHFXHUGRVSHUVRQDOHVFRPRHQHODQiOLVLVGHODREUDGH2UZHOO'XUDQWHOD~OWLPDJXHUUD2UZHOO

 SDUHFLyDWUDtGRSRUHO WRQRFUtWLFRHQWRQFHVDOJRSRFR XVXDOGH PLVFRPHQWDULRVVREUH5XVLDDSDUHFLGRVHQ 7KH(FRQRPLVW7KH

2EVHUYHU \7ULEXQH 0iVWDUGH DPERV IXLPRVFRUUHVSRQVDOHVGH7KH2EVHUYHU  HQ$OHPDQLD\ RFDVLRQDOPHQWHFRPSDUWLPRVXQD

KDELWDFLyQHQ XQFDPSDPHQWRGHSUHQVD6LQHPEDUJRPHFRVWySRFRWLHPSRGDUPHFXHQWDGH ODVGLIHUHQFLDVGHSHUVSHFWLYDSRU 

GHEDMR GH QXHVWUD DSDUHQWH FRLQFLGHQFLD 5HFXHUGR TXH PH GHVFRQFHUWDED OD WHVWDUXGH] FRQ TXH 2UZHOO KDFtD KLQFDSLp HQ

´FRQVSLUDFLRQHV \ TXH VXPRGR GH UD]RQDU HQFXHVWLRQHV SROtWLFDVPHGLR OD LPSUHVLyQ GHXQDVXEOLPDFLyQ IUHXGLDQD GHPDQtD

 SHUVHFXWRULD 2UZHOO HVWDED SRU HMHPSOR LQFRQPRYLEOHPHQWH FRQYHQFLGR GH TXH 6WDOLQ &KXUFKLOO \ 5RRVHYHOW FRQVSLUDEDQ

FRQVFLHQWHPHQWHSDUDGLYLGLUVHHOPXQGRGHILQLWLYDPHQWHHQWUHHOORV\VXE\XJDUORHQFRP~Q3RGHPRVYHUHQHVHPRPHQWRGHOD

 ELRJUDItDGH2UZHOOHORULJHQGHVX LGHDGH2FHDQtD$VLDRULHQWDO\(XUDVLD´7RGRVHOORVHVWiQVHGLHQWRVGHSRGHU´VROtDUHSHWLU

&XDQGRHQXQD RFDVLyQ OHLQGLTXpTXH SRU GHEDMRGH ODVROLGDULGDG DSDUHQWHGH ORV WUHV*UDQGHVVH SRGtDGLVFHUQLU FODUDPHQWHHO

Page 11: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 11/12

FRQIOLFWRHQWUHHOORVTXH\DHQWRQFHVDVRPDEDDODVXSHUILFLH2UZHOOTXHGyWDQVRUSUHQGLGRHLQFUpGXORTXHLQPHGLDWDPHQWHOOHYy

QXHVWUDFRQYHUVDFLyQDVXFROXPQDGHO7ULEXQH\DxDGLyTXHpOQRYHtDVHxDODOJXQDGHODSUR[LPLGDGGHOFRQIOLFWRGHTXH\RKDEODED

$TXHOORHUDHQORVGtDVGHODFRQIHUHQFLDGH<DOWDRSRFRGHVSXpVFXDQGRQRHUDQHFHVDULDXQDJUDQFDSDFLGDGGHSUHYLVLyQSDUDYHU 

ORTXHLEDDRFXUULU/RTXHPHFKRFDEDHQ2UZHOOHUDVXIDOWDGHVHQWLGRKLVWyULFR\GHSHQHWUDFLyQSVLFROyJLFDHQODYLGDSROtWLFD

FRPELQDGD FRQXQD DJXGD DXQTXHHVWUHFKDSHUVSLFDFLDSDUD DOJXQRV DVSHFWRVGH ODSROtWLFD\ FRQXQD LQFRUUXSWLEOH ILUPH]D GH

FRQYLFFLRQHV

(Q OD SHULFLD PHFiQLFD GHO KRPEUH KD DOFDQ]DGR XQ QLYHO WDQ DOWR TXH OD VRFLHGDG HVWi HQ GLVSRVLFLyQ GH SURGXFLU HQ

DEXQGDQFLDSDUDWRGRHOPXQGR\DFDEDUFRQODGHVLJXDOGDG3HURODSREUH]D\ODGHVLJXDOGDGVRQPDQWHQLGDVVLQRWURREMHWRTXH

VDWLVIDFHUORVLPSXOVRVViGLFRVGHO*UDQ+HUPDQR6LQHPEDUJRQLVLTXLHUDVDEHPRVVLHO*UDQ+HUPDQRH[LVWHUHDOPHQWHSXHGHVHU 

VRODPHQWHXQPLWR(VODFUXHOGDGFROHFWLYDGHOSDUWLGRQRQHFHVDULDPHQWHODGHVXVPLHPEURVLQGLYLGXDOHVTXHSXHGHQVHUSHUVRQDV

LQWHOLJHQWHV\ ELHQ LQWHQFLRQDGDV ORTXHDWRUPHQWD D2FHDQtD /D VRFLHGDG WRWDOLWDULDHVWi JREHUQDGDSRU XQ VDGLVPRLPSHUVRQDO

GHVHQFDUQDGR2UZHOOFUH\yKDEHU´WUDVFHQGLGR´ORVFRQFHSWRVIDPLOLDUHV\HQVXRSLQLyQFDGDYH]PHQRVVLJQLILFDWLYRVGHFODVH

VRFLDOHLQWHUpVGHFODVH3HURHQHVDVJHQHUDOL]DFLRQHVPDU[LVWDVHOLQWHUpVGHXQDFODVHVRFLDOWLHQHDOPHQRVDOJXQDUHODFLyQHVSHFLILFD

FRQORVLQWHUHVHVLQGLYLGXDOHV\ODSRVLFLyQVRFLDOGHVXVPLHPEURVDXQTXHHOLQWHUpVGHFODVHQRUHSUHVHQWHXQDVLPSOHVXPDGHORV

LQWHUHVHVLQGLYLGXDOHVPLHQWUDVTXHHQHOSDUWLGRGH2UZHOOQRKD\UHODFLyQHQWUHHOWRGR\ODVSDUWHV(OSDUWLGRQRHVXQFXHUSRVRFLDO

PRYLGRSRUXQLQWHUpVRSURSyVLWRHVXQDHPDQDFLyQIDQWDVPDOGHWRGRORTXHKD\GHSpUILGRHQODQDWXUDOH]DKXPDQD(VHOIDQWDVPD

GHOPDOPHWDItVLFRORFR\WULXQIDQWH

2UZHOOSUHWHQGLyVLQGXGDTXHVX IXHVHXQDDGYHUWHQFLD3HURHVXQDDGYHUWHQFLDTXHVHDQXODDVtPLVPDSRUHOLOLPLWDGR

GHVHVSHURTXHVXE\DFHHQHOOD2UZHOOYHtDDOWRWDOLWDULVPRSDUDOL]DQGRODKLVWRULD(O*UDQ+HUPDQRHVLQYHQFLEOH´6LTXLHUHVXQD

LPDJHQGHOIXWXURLPDJLQDXQDERWDSDWHDQGRXQURVWURKXPDQRSDUDVLHPSUH´2UZHOOSUR\HFWyKDFLDHOIXWXURHOHVSHFWiFXORGHODV

JUDQGHVSXUJDV\ORYLRILMRSDUDVLHPSUHSRUTXHQRHUDFDSD]GHFDSWDUORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGHXQDPDQHUDUHDOLVWDHQVXFRPSOHMR

FRQWH[WRKLVWyULFR1R FDEHGXGDUTXHORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRV IXHURQPX\ ´LUUDFLRQDOHV´ SHURTXLHQSRU HVD UD]yQORV WUDWD GHXQD

PDQHUDLUUDFLRQDOVHSDUHFHH[WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWHDOSVLTXLDWUDFX\DPHQWHVH WUDVWRUQDDODFHUFDUVHGHPDVLDGRDODORFXUDHVHQ

UHDOLGDG PiV TXH XQD DGYHUWHQFLD XQ FKLOOLGR SHQHWUDQWH TXH DQXQFLD HO DGYHQLPLHQWR GHO PLOHQLR QHJUR GHO PLOHQLR GH OD

FRQGHQDFLyQ

(OFKLOOLGRDPSOLDGRSRUWRGRVORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQGHPDVDVGHQXHVWURWLHPSRKDDWHUURUL]DGRDPLOORQHVGHSHUVRQDV

Page 12: isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

7/30/2019 isaac deutscher 1984 el misticismo de la crueldad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isaac-deutscher-1984-el-misticismo-de-la-crueldad 12/12

3HURQROHVKD D\XGDGRD YHU FRQ PiV FODULGDG ORV WHPDV FRQ ORVTXH HO PXQGR VH HVWi HQIUHQWDQGR QRKD KHFKR SURJUHVDU VX

FRPSUHQVLyQ6RODPHQWHKDDXPHQWDGRHLQWHQVLILFDGRODVRODVGHSiQLFR\ RGLRTXHUHFRUUHQHOPXQGR\RIXVFDQPHQWHVLQRFHQWHV

KDHQVHxDGRDPLOORQHVGHSHUVRQDVDYHUHOFRQIOLFWRHQWUH2ULHQWH\2FFLGHQWHHQWpUPLQRVGHEODQFR\QHJUR\SDUDWRGRVORV

PDOHVTXHDSHVWDQDODKXPDQLGDGOHVKDPRVWUDGRXQGHPRQLR\XQDYtFWLPDSURSLFLDWRULDPRQVWUXRVRV

(QHOXPEUDOGHODHUDDWyPLFDHOPXQGRYLYHHQXQHVWDGRGHWHUURUDSRFDOtSWLFR\SRUHVRPLOORQHVGHSHUVRQDVUHVSRQGHQGHPRGR

WDQDSDVLRQDGRDODYLVLyQDSRFDOtSWLFDGHXQQRYHOLVWD3HURHO*UDQ+HUPDQRQRKDGHVHQFDGHQDGRORVPRQVWUXRVDSRFDOtSWLFRVGHOD ERPED$\ODERPED+/DSULQFLSDOGLILFXOWDGGHODVRFLHGDGFRQWHPSRUiQHDHVWiHQTXHWRGDYtDQRKDFRQVHJXLGRDMXVWDUVXPRGRGH

YLGD\VXVLQVWLWXFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\SROtWLFDVDOSURGLJLRVRSURJUHVRGHVXFRQRFLPLHQWRWHFQROyJLFR1RVDEHPRVFXiOKDVLGRHOLPSDFWR

GHODVERPEDVDWyPLFDV\GHKLGUyJHQRHQHOSHQVDPLHQWRGHPLOORQHVGHKRPEUHVHQ2ULHQWHGRQGHODDQJXVWLD\HOPLHGRSXHGHQ

HVWDU RFXOWRV WUDV OD IDFKDGD GH XQ IiFLO ¢R HPEDUD]DGR" RSWLPLVPRRILFLDO 3HUR VHUtD SHOLJURVR FHJDUQRV DO KHFKR GH TXH HQ

2FFLGHQWHPLOORQHV GHSHUVRQDVSXHGHQVHQWLUVH LQFOLQDGDVHQVX DQJXVWLD\ VXPLHGR DKXLUGHVX SURSLDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGSRU HO

GHVWLQRGHODKXPDQLGDG\DGHVDKRJDUVXLUD\VXGHVHVSHUDFLyQHQHOJLJDQWHVFRGHPRQLRYtFWLPDSURSLFLDWRULDTXHKDKHFKR

WDQWRSRUSRQHUDQWHVXVRMRV

´¢+DOHtGRXVWHGHVHOLEUR"7LHQHTXHOHHUORVHxRU£(QWRQFHVVDEUiXVWHGSRUTXpWHQHPRVTXHODQ]DUODERPEDDWyPLFDVREUHORV

 EROFKHYLTXHV´&RQ HVDVSDODEUDVXQ PLVHUDEOHFLHJRYHQGHGRUGHSHULyGLFRVPHUHFRPHQGyHQ 1XHYD<RUNSRFDVVHPDQDV

DQWHVGHODPXHUWHGH2UZHOO

£3REUH2UZHOO¢3RGUtDKDEHULPDJLQDGRDOJXQDYH]TXHVXSURSLROLEUROOHJDUtDDVHUXQDUWtFXORWDQLPSRUWDQWHHQHOSURJUDPDGHOD

VHPDQDGHRGLR"

9ROYHUDO,QGLFHGHO$UFKLYR