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Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to

information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,

and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest

to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of

education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the

timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

!"#$% '(%)

!"# $ %& #' (")* &" +#,-.Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

/0)"1 &2 324 #' 5 *)6Jawaharlal Nehru

Step Out From the Old to the New

7"#1&"8+9&"), 7:1&"8+9&")Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

!"# %& ;

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IS : 9744 - 1981

Indian Standard

CODE OF SAFETY FOR

THIONYL CHLORIDE

UDC 614.878 : 546.223.1.13

Copyright 1981

INDIAN STANDARDS I NS TI TUT I ON

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Gr . 2 June 1981

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AMENDMENT NO. 2 DECEMBER 2006

TO

IS 9744 : 1981 CODE OF SAFETY FOR THIONYL

CHLORIDE

[Page4,clause3.1(r)] Insert the following at the end

Thionyl Chloride is very reactive with water, ammonia, chloryl perchlorate,dimethyl sulphoxidc, linseed oil, quinoline, sodium, 2.4-hexadiyn- 1 -6-diol,o-nitrobenzoyl acetic acid ando-nitro phenyl acetic acid.

[Page 4.clause3.1(s)] Substitute the following for the existing:

'Threshold limit value (TLV-C): 1 ppm'.

(Page4.footnote marked*) Delete

(CHD 8)

Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi India

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IS : 9744 - 1981

Indian Standard

CODE OF SAFETY FORTHIONYL CHLORIDE

Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CDC 18

Chairman Representing

S HR I S. C. K A L E Director ate General , Factory Advice Service &Labour Inst itute ( Ministry of Labour ),Bombay

MembersDR V. P. GUPTA ( Alternate to

Shri S. C. Kale )S H R IK. D. A M R E National Organic Chemical IndustriesLtd, Bombay

SHRIM. C. PATWARDHAN (Alternate)

SH RI C. N. CHA NDR ASE KHARA N Directorate General Ordnance Factories ( Ministr yof Defence ), Calcutta

SH RI CH AR AN JIT LAL Controller of Explosives, NagpurSHRIB. R. DAVE(Alternate)

DR D. CH OU DH UR I Indi an Chemical Manufacturers' Association,Calcutta

SHRID. K. SIRKAR(Alternate)

SH RI A. M. DA ND Ind ian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd, VadodaraSHRID. L. VYAS(Alternate)D E P U T Y DIRECTOR ( C H E M), Railway Board( Ministryof Railways)

RES EARC H, DESI GNS AND

STANDARDS ORGANIZATION,

LUCKNOW

DR S. S. GOTHOSKAR Directorate General of Healt h Services, New DelhiSHRIR. BALASUBRAMANYAN (Alternate)

S HRI K. C. GUP TA National Safety Council, BombaySHRI N. RAGHAVAN (Alternate)

SHRI C. HINGARH Century Rayon, KalyanSHRIJ. J. ADHIA ( Alternate)

DR V. R. B. M A T H U R Directorate Genera l of Technical Deve lopment,

New DelhiS HR I O. P. NA NG IA Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, RasayaniSHRIA. G. SHESHAN(Alternate)

DR K. NARAYANA RAO Bhabha Atomic Research Centre BombayDR D . J . PA RI KH National Institute of Occupational Health,

Ahmadabad

(Continued on page2 )

Copyright 1981

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XI V of 1957 ) and

reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of thepublisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

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IS : 9744 - 1981

Industrial Chemical Hazards Subcommittee, CDC 18 : 4

Convener

SHRI S. C. KALE Directorate General, Factory Advice Service &Lab our Inst itu te ( Ministry of Labour ),Bombay

2(Continued on page8 )

( Continued from page 1)

Members

D RS.B.RA Y

SHRI T. N. REWALS H R IP. DUTTA(Alternate )

SHRI N. K. SAMANTA

S H R IA. SINHA(Alternate)

DR P. N. VISWANATHAN

DR B. N. GUPTA ( Alternate )DR HARI BHAGWAN,

Directo r ( Chem ) (Secretary)

Representing

Ministry of Defence ( DGI )

Ministry of Defence ( DGI )

Indian Explosives Ltd, Calcutta

Ind ust ria l Toxicology Research Centre ( CSIR ),Lucknow

Director General, ISI ( Ex-officio Member )

Members

DR V. P. GUPTA ( Alternate toShri S. C. Kale )

SHRI G. R. BALASUBRAMANIAN

SHRI CHARANJIT LAL

SHRIB. R. DAVE (Alternate)

DR S. R. CHAUDHURY

DR D. CHOUDHURI

D E P U T Y D IR EC TO R ( C HE M ) ,

RES EAR CH, DESI GNS AND

STANDARDS ORGANIZATION,

LUCKNOW

SHRI V. N. GODBOLE

SHRIK. R.PRABHU(Alternate)

Bhabha Atomic Research Cen tre , BombayController of Explosives, Nagpur

All India Insti tute of Hygiene & Public Heal th,Calcutta

Union Carbide of India Ltd, CalcuttaRailway Board ( Ministry of Railways )

Albright Morarji and Pandit Ltd, Ambarnath

SH RI K. C. GU PTA National Safety Council, BombaySHRIN. RAGHAVAN(Alternate)

SHRI P. V. KANGO Ind ian Chemical Manufactu rer s' Association,Calcutta

DR P. V. SUBRAMANIAN ( Alternate )

DR C. R. KRISH NAMU RTI Indu stri al Toxicology Research Cent re ( CSI R ),LucknowDR P. N. VISWANATHAN ( Alternate )

DR S. L. ME HT A Century Rayon, KalyanSHRIR. K. SHUKLA(Alternate)

DR O. P. MI TT AL

DR C. S. B. N A IR

DR D. J. PA RIK H

SHRI J. D. PARIKH

SHRIM. V. DESAI (Alternate)

Ciba-Giegy of India Ltd, BombayThe Fertilizer and Chemicals Tra vancore L td,

Udyogmandal

Na tiona l In st itut e of Occupational Health,Ahmadabad

The Atul Products Ltd, Atul

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Indian Standard

CODE OF SAFETY FOR

THIONYL CHLORIDE

0 . F O R E W O R D

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institutionon 13 February 1981, after the draft finalized by the Chemical HazardsSectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical DivisionCouncil.

0.2 Thionyl chloride, also known as sulphurous oxychloride is a paleyellow to red liquid with a sharp odour. Thionyl chloride is used as acatalyst and chlorinating agent in chemical industry; it is also used inorganic synthesis, pesticides, engineering and plastic industries.

0.3 Thionyl chloride is very toxic, and in the presence of moisture ityields toxic decomposition products, namely, hydrogen chloride andsulphur dioxide. Though no hygienic standard of permissible exposurehas been published, a twenty minute exposure to 17.5 ppm has been

found in experiments on cats to be fatal.0.4 In the preparation of this code, assistance has been derived from thefollowing publication:

SAX ( NI ). Dangerous Properties of Industrial Chemicals. 1975.Fourth Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, New York.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard describes important properties of thionyl chloride, thenature of hazards associated with it, and essential information anddirections on storage, handling, marking, labelling, preventive measures,environmental monitoring and first-aid.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.1 For the purpose of this standard the definitions given in IS : 4155-1966* and IS : 4167-198l shall apply.

*Glossary of terms relating to chemical and radiation hazards and hazardouschemicals.

Glossary of terms relating to air pollution (first revision).

3

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3. PROPERTIES OF THIONYL CHLORIDE

3.1 The important properties of thionyl chloride are as follows:

a)Chemical Name

b)Chemical Formula

c)Molecular Weight

d)Description

e)Odour

f) Boiling Point,Ci) Technical grade

ii) 100% purematerial

g)Freezing Point,C

h)Vapour Density

j)Vapour Pressure

at 27Ck)Relative Density

15.5C/150.5Cm) Viscosityat 0C

30C

n)Percentage in

'Saturated' Airat 27C

p)Density of Saturated

Air at 27C

q)Solubility

r)Chemical Reactivity

s) Threshold LimitValue( TLV )

: Thionyl chloride; sulphur oxychloride;sulphurous oxychloride

: SOC12

: 118.97

: Fuming liquid, colourless to pale yellow

or yellow to red, clear liquid: Characteristic pungent odour similar to

that of sulphur dioxide; vapour irritatesrespiratory system, eyes and skin

: 78.8 at 746 mm77

78.8 at 746 mmHg

: -105

: 4.1 ( air = 1 )

: 110 mmHg

: 1.640

: 0.01 cp

0.545 cp: 14.5

: 1.5 ( air = 1 )

: Miscible with benzene, chloroform andcarbon tetrachloride in all proportions

: Reacts violently with water and fumes inmoist air. Hydrolyzed by water intosulphur dioxide and hydrochloric acid.Decomposes into chlorine, sulphur dioxideand sulphur monochloride when heatedabove 140C

: 5 ppm*

*This is based on 'Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual',

issued by the International Technical Information Institute, Tokyo, Japan.4

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4. HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THIONYL CHLORIDE

4.1 Hea lth Hazards and Toxic ity

4.1.1 Thionyl chloride vapour irritates respiratory system, eyes andskin. The liquid is highly corrosive and causes burns on the skin, eyesand mucous membranes, whenever it comes in contact with these parts .Its ingestion results in severe internal irritation and damage. However,no permanent ill effect is reported.

4.1.2 Symptoms Conjunctivitis, dermatitis , rhinitis ( inflammationof nose ) and pneumonia.

5. STORAGE AND HANDLING

5.1 Storage Depending on the quantity , thionyl chloride may bestored in bottles made of glass which should be provided with innercushioning and absorbent material when packed together in woodenboxes In the case of bulk quantities, it may be stored in glass carboyscovered by closely fitting wicker or bamboo work, packed individually ina wooden slatted crate iron hamper. It may also be stored in suitableheavy duty galvanized drums provided the bungs are tightly closed.Handling in this case is less hazardous than when stored in glasscarboys.

5.1.1 The packed material shall be stored in cool, dry and sufficientlyventilated rooms.

5.1.2 The material shall be stored away from water.

5.2 The containers shall be carefully handled while loading, transportingor unloading, as damaged containers may leak and cause dangerousconcentrations of its vapour in an enclosed space.

5.2.1 Unreacted thionyl chloride escaping from the reaction vessel shallbe properly scrubbed with caustic soda solution or soda ash.

5.3 In case of fire fighting, water shall not be used. Only dry powderor carbon dioxide fire extinguisher should be used.

6. MARKING AND LABELLING

6.1 All containers of thionyl chloride shall bear an identifying label asdepicted in IS : 1260 ( Part I )-1973*. ( Thionyl chloride has been

*Pictorial markings for handling and labelling of goods: Part I Dangerous goods.

5

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IS : 9744 - 1981

classified as corrosive as IS : 1446 - 1959*.) The containers shall inaddition be labelled as follows:

THIONYL CHLORIDE

WARNING : CAUSES BURNS, VAPOUR IRRITATINGKE EP THE CONTAINER CLOSED IN A COOL PLACEAVOID CONTACT WITH EYES, SKIN AND CLOTHINGDO NOT ALLOW WATER TO GO INTO CONTAINER

REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH WATERUSE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION

6.2 Containers of waste or other materials contaminated with thionylchloride should be labelled as follows:

THIONYL CHLORIDE CONTAMINATED MATERIALDISPOSE OFF OR DECONTAMINATE USING

APPROVED PROCEDURE

7. PREVENTIVE MEASURES

7.1 Areas where thionyl chloride is handled should be well ventilated.A high standard of maintenance in the whole plant should be providedto facilitate compliance with hygienic conditions.

7.1.1 Adequate protective safety equipment in the form of PVCgloves, PVC aprons, goggles, face shield canister gas mask ( preferably,compressed air mask ), etc, should be worn when handling thionylchloride.

7.1.2 Before opening a container, complete protective clothing, gogglesand effective respirator or positive air supply hood shall be worn. Clean,preferably white, PVC gloves shall be used as rubber absorbs thionylchloride after prolonged use.

7.2 Monitoring

7.2.1 Potential areas of leakage shall be checked on regular basis.Environmental monitoring should be carried out at different work placesregularly to detect thionyl chloride concentration. Complete andaccurate records of all environmental measurements should bemaintained.

7.2.2Determination in the Atmosphere Concentrations of thionyl chloridevapour in the air shall be determined by drawing contaminated airthrough two scrubbers containing a measured quantity of 0.1 N silver

*Classification of dangerous goods.

6

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IS : 9744 - 1981

nitrate solution acidified with nitric acid. When sampling has beencompleted, 0.1 N sodium chloride solution equivalent to the silvernitrate used shall be added and the excess chloride back titrated

with 0.1 N silver nitrate.

8. SPILLS AND WASTE DISPOSAL

8.1 In case of spills and leakage the affected area shall be covered withsodium bicarbonate or an equal mixture of soda ash and slaked lime.After thorough mixing, water shall be sprayed from an atomizer withadequate precautions. This mixture should then be transferred slowlyto a large container of water. It is then neutralized and drained intothe sewer with sufficient water.

8.2 Solid waste material containing significant level of residual thionylchloride should be transferred from the plant to special containerslocated in designated areas within the works boundary where it shall besuitably treated.

9. FIRST AID

9.1 Inhalation In case of inhalation of thionyl chloride, the affectedperson should be removed to a clean environment and allow to rest ,keeping him warm. In severe cases oxygen should be administeredusing intermittent positive pressure breathing apparatus, and also

immediate medical attention should be obtained.9.2 Contact with Eye s an d Skin If thionyl chloride has got intothe eyes wash them with plenty of water. Remove soaked clothing an dwash affected skin with soap and water. Wash contaminated clothingwith water before reusing. In case of serious burns call for medicalattention immediately.

9.3 Ingestion Wash out the mouth thoroughly with water and giveplenty of water to drink, followed by milk of magnesia or 5 percentsolution of sodium bicarbonate may be used as well as bronchodilatorsand decogestants. Obtain medical attention.

7

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IS : 9744 - 1981

(Continued from page 2)

Members Representing

SHRI

A. N .R A O

Directorate General of Technical Development,New DelhiSHRIV. V. M. RAO Hindustan Petroleum Corporation, Bombay

SHRI D .V. A . RAJU(Alternate)SHRI DEEPAKR. SHAH Excel Industries Ltd, Bombay

SHRI S. S.KAIMAL (Alternate)SHRIK. K. S U B R A M A N I A N National Organic Chemical Industries Ltd, Bombay

SHRI M .C. PATWARDHAN (Alternate)SHRIS. A. TRIVEDI Navin Fluorine Industries, Bombay

SHRIJ . N . PAREKH (Alternate)SHRIH. K. VENKATARAMIAH Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, Rasayani

SHRI A .G.SHESHAN (Alternate)

8

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INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ( SI UNITS )

Base Units

QUANTITY

LengthMass

Time

Electric current

Thermodynamictemperature

Luminous intensity

Amount of substance

Supplementary Units

QUANTITY

Plane angle

Solid angle

Derived Units

QUANTITY

Force

Energy

Power

Flux

Flux densityFrequency

Electric conductance

Electromotive force

Pressure, stress

UNIT

metrekilogram

second

ampere

kelvin

candela

mole

UNIT

radian

steradian

UNIT

newton

joule

watt

weber

teslahertz

siemens

volt

pascal

SYMBOL

mkg

s

A

K

cd

mol

SYMBOL

rad

sr

SYMBOL

N

JW

Wb

THz

S

V

Pa

DEFINITION

1 N = 1 kg.m/s2

1 J = 1 N.m

1 W = 1 J/s

1 Wb = l V.s

1 T = 1 Wb/m2

1 Hz = 1c/s (s-1 )

1 S = 1 A/V

1 V = 1 W/A

1 Pa = 1 N/m2

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002

Telephones:26 60 21, 27 01 31

Regional Offices :

Western : Novelty Chambers, Grant RoadEastern : 5 Chowringhee ApproachSouthern : C. I. T. Campus, Adyar

Branch Offices :

'Pushpak', Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur'F' Block, Unity Bldg, Narasimharaja SquareGangotri Complex, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar22E Kalpana AreaAhimsa Bldg, SCO 82-83, Sector 17C5-8-56C L. N. Gupta MargR 14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar

Patliputra Industrial EstateHantex Bldg ( 2nd Floor), Rly Station Road

Telegrams:

BOMBAY 400007CALCUTTA 700072MADRAS 600020

Manaksanstha

Telephone37 97 2927 50 9041 24 42

AHMADABAD 380001 2 03 91BANGALORE 560002 2 76 49BHOPAL 462003 6 27 16BHUBANESHWAR 751014 5 36 27CHANDIGARH 160017 2 83 20HYDERABAD 500001 22 10 83JAIPUR 302005 6 98 32KANPUR 208005 8 12 72PATNA 800013 6 28 08TRIVANDRUM 695001 32 27

Printed at Printograph, New Delhi, India