Is West Nile Virus becoming World Wide Epidemic?

Stephen Pereira PH.D CandidateWalden University

PUBH 6165-1 Environmental HealthDr. Saran Tucker-Wilkins

Summer 2013

Stakeholders• City and County

Government• State Government• Federal Government• Contractors• Medical Personnel• Private Firms• Public and Private

Schools• Colleges and Universities

Resource Articles.(2013). Stakeholder Strategy. Retrieved from http://www.modernanalyst.com/Resources/Articles/tabid/115/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/1381/Stakeholder-Strategy-101.aspx

Overview• What is West Nile

Virus? • How is the disease

transmitted?• Are human and

animals at risk to get the disease?

• What are the health disparities that people face from exposure to this disease?

Health New York Times.(2013).Health Guide. Retrieved from http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/west-nile-virus

Word Press.(2012).West Nile Outbreak in the US. Retrieved from http://emedtravel.wordpress.com/2012/08/23/west-nile-virus-outbreak-in-the-us/

History of West Nile Virus• When was it discovered?• Where was it discovered?• When was the first cases

discovered in the United States (US)?

• Where was the first cases discovered in the United States (US)

• Reports on findings?

University of Texas Medical Branch.(2011).Discovering Dengue Drugs Together Project. Retrieved from http://www.utmb.edu/discoveringdenguedrugs-together/Project%20Status.htm

Health NY Times(2013).Health Guide. Retrieved from http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/west-nile-virus

Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Transmission Index. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/transmission/index.html

Wikipedia.(2013).West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virus

West Nile Transmission Cycle

• Blood transfusions

• Organ transplants

• Exposure in a laboratory setting

• From mother to baby

Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Transmission Index. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/transmission/index.html

Women’s Web MD.com(2013).Slideshow Anemia Overview. Retrieved from http://women.webmd.com/ss/slideshow-anemia-overview

Other routes of exposure from West Nile

West Nile Virus and the Human Body

•  

• How dose West Nile Virus effect the blood when a person has been effected?

• How dose West Nile Virus effect the liver when a person has become infected?

Good Health Hub.(2013).Blood Cells. Retrieved from http://goodhealthhub.com/blood-cells/

KATC News.(2010).West Nile Virus Spreads. Retrieved from http://www.katc.com/news/west-nile-virus-spreads/

National Institutes of Health.(2013).The New Genetics Chapter 3.Retrieved fromhttp://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter3.html

• What happens to 70-80% of victims that are exposed to West Nile Virus?

• What happens to 20-30% of victims that are exposed to West Nile Virus ?

Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/symptoms/index.html

CNN.com.(2012).Health West Nile Virus Articles. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/19/health/west-nile-virus

Organic Liaison.com(2013). Articles Health. Retrieved from http://www.organicliaison.com/articles/Health/why-your-body-needs-vitamin-d

Percentage Levels of Risk of Exposure

• Headache• High fever• Neck stiffness• Stupor• Disorientation• Coma • Tremors• Convulsions• Muscle weakness

paralysis• Permanent neurological

effects

West Nile Prevention.com.(2013).West Nile Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.west-nile-virus-prevention.com/west-nile-virus-symptoms.html

Symptoms

• Geriatric patients• People with compromised

immune systems• People that suffer from cancer• People that suffer from

diabetes• People that suffer from

hypertension• People that suffer from kidney

disease• People who receive organ

transplants

Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2011). West Nile Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/symptoms/index.html

Disease and conditions blogspot.com.(2011).as smile to sick person. Retrieved from http://diseaseandconditions.blogspot.com/2011/05/as-smile-to-sick-person.htm

People who are at risk for the most severe cases of West Nile Virus

Symptoms Treatment.org.(2012). West Nile Virus Symptoms in Adults. Retrieved from http://symptomstreatment.org/west-nile-virus-symptoms-in-adults/

West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND)

Diagnostic Testing• Laboratory tests of

blood samples

• Laboratory tests of

spinal fluid.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/genQuestions.html

Dreamstime.com.(2013). Blood Test Image. Retrieved from http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-image-blood-test-image7943831

Treatment for West Nile Virus• Are there any vaccines or

antiviral treatment available? • Is there any over-the-counter

medicines that are available? • How often are patients

hospitalized from West Nile Virus exposure?

Women’s Web MD.com(2013).Slideshow Anemia Overview. Retrieved from http://women.webmd.com/ss/slideshow-anemia-overview

Protective Measures• Bug spray

• Protective clothing

• Dead birds

• Outdoor home inspection

American Down Under.com.(2011).Japan On Alert After Finding Dead Birds Retrieved from http://www.americandownunder.com /phantom/aann/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=46:japan-on- alert-after-finding-dead-birds&Itemid=58

CA gov.(2013). West Nile Virus Prevention. Retrieved from http://westnile.ca.gov/prevention.htm

Commissary deals.(2012).Off Repellant Coupon.Retrieved from http://commissarydeals.com/off-repellant-coupons/

Fairfax County.(2013). West Nile Virus Eliminate. Retrieved from http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/hd/westnile/wnveliminate.htm

Control Measures• Public health

officials

• Protective measures

• Spraying pesticides

• Alerting the media

CNN.com.(2012).Health West Nile Virus Articles. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/19/health/west-nile-virus

Average annual incidence of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease reported to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by age group,1999-2012

Source: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012). West Nile Statistics Maps Cumulative Maps Data Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/cumMapsData.html

Source: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Average annual incidence of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease reported to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by age group,1999-2012

Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012). West Nile Statistics Maps Cumulative Maps Data Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/cumMapsData.html

Source: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Average annual incidence of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease reported to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by age group,1999-2012

Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012). West Nile Statistics Maps Cumulative Maps Data Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/cumMapsData.html

West Nile virus disease cases reported to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by week of illness onset, 1999-2012

Source: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012). West Nile Statistics Maps Cumulative Maps Data Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/cumMapsData.html

Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Monitoring of West Nile Virus Activity by State – United States, 2013 (as of July 9, 2013)

Source: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012).West Nile Statistics Maps Preliminary Maps Data. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/preliminaryMapsData/activitystatedate.html

Additional Sources for Reading

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Index. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html

• Environmental Protection Agency.(2013).Peticides facts sheets on West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/westnile.htm

• Food and Drug Adminstration.(2009).New Events Testimony. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Testimony/ucm115166.htm

• National Institutes of Health.(2013).Medical Plus Encyclopedia Article. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007186.htm

• United States Department of Agriculture.(2013).National Pest Alert West Nile Virus In North America. Retrieved from http://www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/pest/pdfs/west_nile_virus_alert.pdf

Conclusion• West Nile Virus is considered

a world wide epidemic.• Evidence of becoming a world

wide epidemic• The importance of education

and awareness.• Local findings in the state of

Texas• Research and Development • Closing

Global News. CA.(2013).University of British Columbia Scientists Develop West Nile Virus Vaccine for Birds. Retrieved from http://globalnews.ca/news/710862/ubc-scientists-develop-west-nile-virus-vaccine-for-birds/

West Nile.com.(2013). West Nile Virus Texas Researchers. Retrieved from http://www.westnile.com/health/diseases-conditions/west-nile-virus/texas-researchers-finds-possible-west-nile-cure

QuestionsQuestions

Get Free Image.com .(2013).Businessman and Question Mark. Retrieved from http://www.getfreeimage.com/image/57/businessman-and-question-mark

References• Moeller, D.W .(2011). Environmental Health (4thed.).Cambridge, A:• Harvard University Press ISBN: 978-0674047402

• CA gov.(2013). West Nile Virus Prevention. Retrieved from http://westnile.ca.gov/prevention.htm

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/genQuestions.html

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Index. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012). West Nile Statistics Maps Cumulative Maps Data Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/cumMapsData.html

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012).West Nile Statistics Maps Preliminary Maps Data. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/preliminaryMapsData/activitystatedate.html

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/symptoms/index.html

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Transmission Index. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/transmission/index.html

• CNN.com.(2012).Health West Nile Virus Articles. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/19/health/west-nile-virus

• Disease and conditions blogspot.com.(2011).as smile to sick person. Retrieved from http

://diseaseandconditions.blogspot.com/2011/05/as-smile-to-sick-person.htm

References

References• Dreamstime.com.(2013). Blood Test Image. Retrieved from http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-image-blood-test-image7943831

• Environmental Protection Agency.(2013).Peticides facts sheets on West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/westnile.htm

• Fairfax County.(2013). West Nile Virus Eliminate. Retrieved from http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/hd/westnile/wnveliminate.htm

• Food and Drug Adminstration.(2009).New Events Testimony. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Testimony/ucm115166.htm

• Get Free Image.com .(2013).Businessman and Question Mark. Retrieved from http://www.getfreeimage.com/image/57/businessman-and-question-mark

• Global News. CA.(2013).University of British Columbia Scientists Develop West Nile Virus Vaccine for Birds. Retrieved from http://globalnews.ca/news/710862/ubc-scientists-develop-west-nile-virus-vaccine-for-birds/

• Good Health Hub.(2013).Blood Cells. Retrieved from http://goodhealthhub.com/blood-cells/

• Health New York Times.(2013).Health Guide. Retrieved from http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/west-nile-virus• KATC News.(2010).West Nile Virus Spreads. Retrieved from http://www.katc.com/news/west-

nile-virus-spreads/

• National Institutes of Health.(2013).Medical Plus Encyclopedia Article. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007186.htm

• National Institutes of Health.(2013).The New Genetics Chapter 3.Retrieved fromhttp://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter3.html

• Organic Liaison.com(2013). Articles Health. Retrieved from http://www.organicliaison.com/articles/Health/why-your-body-needs-vitamin-d/

References• Resource Articles.(2013). Stakeholder Strategy. Retrieved from

http://www.modernanalyst.com/Resources/Articles/tabid/115/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/1381/Stakeholder-Strategy-101.aspx

• United States Department of Agriculture.(2013).National Pest Alert West Nile Virus In North America. Retrieved from http://www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/pest/pdfs/west_nile_virus_alert.pdf

• University of Texas Medical Branch.(2011). Discovering Dengue Drugs Together Project. Retrieved from http://www.utmb.edu/discoveringdenguedrugs-together/Project%20Status.htm West Nile.com.(2013). West Nile Virus Texas Researchers. Retrieved from http://www.westnile.com/health/diseases-conditions/west-nile-virus/texas-researchers-finds-possible-west-nile-cure/

• Wikipedia.(2013).West Nile.Virus.Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virus

• Women’s Web MD.com(2013).Slideshow Anemia Overview. Retrieved from http://women.webmd.com/ss/slideshow-anemia-overview

• /phantom/aann/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=46:japan-on- alert-after-finding-dead-birds&Itemid=58

• Word Press.(2012).West Nile Outbreak in the US. Retrieved from http://emedtravel.wordpress.com/2012/08/23/west-nile-virus-outbreak-in-the-us