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Discovers inlet of St Lawrence river mouth of
channel through the continent?
Postpones exploration until next summer
Claims whole region for his king
New France.
1535 Cartier returns up St Lawrence as far as island occupied by
Huron Indians Welcome him to the highest point
on the island Names it Mont Réal, or Mount
Royal Returns for a third visit in 1541-2 Attempt to found colony comes
to nothing
Discoveries prompt fur traders in these regions
1611 Samuel de Champlain establishes settlement on same island
Montreal 3 years earlier Champlain formed
settlement at Quebec. Cartier's search unwittingly began
French empire in the west.
France – Empire? Did France have an American
empire? Demographically In the North
Whites replace Native Americans In the South
Blacks replace Native Americans
Tropics to Tundra
All locations French Government
interested in territorial expansion
Colonies were state directed But does definition of
boundaries create a colony In most cases Colonies built by a
combination of local people and environment
Canada Founder of Quebec
(1608) Samuel de Champlain Explores region to build fur trade with
the help of the Huron Progress slow 1635, the settlers in
Quebec number fewer than 100
1660 New France has only about 2300
Boston has a larger population
French fur traders find it hard to get their wares to the St Lawrence
1660 settlers appeal to Louis XIV for help
New France into a royal province ruled by a governor, with military,
religous and educational support supplied by France
1660s more than 3000 colonists are sent out including women of marriageable age
Decade proves a turning point for New France
Explorers begin the process of pressing west and south from the Great Lakes
1668 a Jesuit mission is established at the junction of the three western Great Lakes
Sault Sainte Marie selected in 1671 as an appropriate
place from which to claim the entire interior of the American continent for the king of France
1609 the Dutch East India Company hire English sailor Henry Hudson to find a northeast passage to India
Cape Cod sailed into the mouth of a large river
Hudson River Made way as far as present-day Albany
Claimed the entire Hudson River Valley for his Dutch employers
Numerous unsuccessful efforts at colonization
Dutch Parliament chartered the West India Company joint stock company
1624 30 families arrive establishing a settlement on
present-day Manhattan Focus fur trade – purely
business venture
1626, Director General Peter Minuit arrived in Manhattan
"purchased" Manhattan Island from Native American Indians for the now legendary price of 60 guilders
Formally established New Amsterdam Strengthened fort up Hudson River, named Fort
Orange.
1630s new Director General Wouter van Twiller claimed lands by the Connecticut River
Already claimed by English settlers
Twiller forced to back down Dutch lost any claims to the Connecticut Valley
Dutch and Native Americans Around Fort Orange needs of the profitable
fur trade required a careful policy of appeasement with the Iroquois Confederacy
Lower Hudson Valley Colonists setting up small farms Native Americans viewed as obstacles 1630s and early 1640s, the Dutch Director
Generals carried on a brutal series of campaigns against the area's Native Americans
1640 marked a turning point West India Company gave up
monopoly Businessmen invest in New
Netherland Profits flowed to Amsterdam,
encouraging new economic activity in the production of food, timber, tobacco, and eventually, slaves
Director General's preoccupation with
Native Americans and border conflicts with the English
greatly weakened other portions of colonial society
1647 Director General Peter Stuyvesant arrived New Netherland in disarray