Is 5047 Part III 1979 Glossary of Terms Relating to Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys - Part III Geometrical Properties and Tolerance, Structural and Surface Defects

7/29/2019 Is 5047 Part III 1979 Glossary of Terms Relating to Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys - Part III Geometrical Propertie

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IS I -5047 ( Part I I I ) - 1979

I ndi an St andardGLOSSARY OF

TERMS RELATlNG TO ALUMINIUMAND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

PART III GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES AND TOLERANCE,STRUCTURAL AND SURFACE DEFECTS( First Reprint FEBRUARY 1990 J

UDC 669.71-4:531.7:001.4

@ Copyright 1979BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARGNEW DELHI 110002

Cr I Dscember 1979

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IS: 5047 ( Part III ) - 1979


TERMS RELATING TO ALUMINIUMAND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

PART III GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES AND TOLERANCE,STRUCTURAL AND SURFACE DEFECTSLight Metals and Their Alloys Sectional Committee, SMDC 10

ChaimumSH~I B.K. MUBTHY

Mmbrrs& RI V. D. AQARWAL&ax V. K. AQEAWALdHBI s. N. CannknJ~aCHEMIST B METALLURQISTSuar D. M. DAVER

RIprrs&ineIndian Aluminium Co Ltd, Calcutts

Aluminium Corporation of India Ltd, CalcuttaHindustan Aluminium Corporation Ltd, Renukoot,Dirtrict MirzapurDirectorate of Technical Development aad Produc-tiodr Air ), Air Headquarters, New DelhiIntegral Coach Factory, Perambur, MadrasSHBI A. T. BOBATE ( A&m& )

Premiei Automobiles Ltd, BombaySHSI P. U. DEORA Cable and Conductor Manufacturers Associatiouof India, New DelhiSHRI A. GEOSH National Test House, Calcutta\Sam B. N. SARXAII ( Alhrnatr )Smu N. GOPALKBISHNAN Indian Aluminium Co Ltd, CalcuttaSERI A. K. HAJBA ( Alhmub )SHBI F. A. A. J ASDANWALLA Indian Standard Metal Co Ltd, BombaySHUI C. CHATTILBJ EE ( Al&malr )J OINT DIRE~TOB ( MET )-P.&f, Ministry of RailwaysRDSO, LUCKNOW

C"E"t6"', ,*s ~Mnrc~~&;;~;~1 *J AYALPUR ( Allrrnota I )DEPUTY DIRE~OR, STAN-DABDS ( tire )-II, RDSO,LlJOXNOW(~~fdUI~r~~)Sam P. M. J OSEPH Aluminium Industries Ltd. MadrasSEBI M. K. Jose1SEBI I. N. BH~TIA ( Alternnlr ) Ministry of Defencc ( R & D )

( Continwd on pare 2 )I cupyrigh~1979BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSThin publication ir protected under the In&n capjriglrrAct ( XIV of 1957 ) sndreproduction in whole or in part by my meam except with written permission oftbepublisher till be deemed to be 81) infringement of copyright unda the mid Act.1 1

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IS ,: 5047 ( Part IH ) - 1979( Lonfiked from pop 1 )

Members RejvcrmtingSnnx M. L. KAUL Bharat Aluminium Co Ltd, New DelhiLT-COG,D. B. BRAN ( Alternate )SHRI S. L. KIIA~NA Ministry of Defcnce ( DC1 )

SRRI M. Y. BOILKAR Alternate )Malaviya Regional Engineering College, J aipwNational Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ),lamshedpurDR D. KIJ DURDa R. KUMAJ ~

DIZ MANJIT SINQHSHRI 0. P. MATHUIXSuer L. MISHRA( Alternate )

SRRI D. Y. MO~HESHHI B. D. BJSWASDJZKRISKINA DAS NAIR

Electrical Manufacturing Co Ltd, CalcuttaDire$;t&gneraloT Technical & Development,Directorate General, Ordnance Factories, Calcutta( Alfemale )Hiiidustan Aeronautics Ltd ( Bangalore Division ),

BangaloreSHUI V. S. L. PATRIKAE ( Allcrnak )Ssnr K. R. RAGHUNATE J indal Aluminium Ltd, RangaloreSEHI U. MOHAN RAO Bharat Heavy Elcctricals Ltd, HydcrnbadDR K. K. SEN GODAN ( Alternate )SHRI P. M. Rnu India Government Mint ( Ministry of Finance ),HydcrabadREPRESENTATIVE Planning Commission, New DelhiSHRI M. S. SRSIIADRI India Pistons Ltd, MadrasSHRI D. H. SHAH J ecwanlal ( 1929 ) Ltd, CalcuttaSHHI N. H. SHAH ( Alternate )SHRI N. SHANMTJGHAM Madras Aluminium Co Ltd, Mcttur DamSRRI C. SEARMA Ministry of Stcrl & MinesSHRI B. A. SHENOI Central Electrochemical Research Institute ( CSIR ),Karaikudi

SHRI P. S DRSIKAX ( Al&mate )SHRI K. M. TA~EJA Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals,New DelhiSH~I S. B. GUPTA ( Alternate )SHRI C. R.RAMA RAO, Director General, X.73 ( &-o&o Member )Director ( Strut & Met )

Saar B. MTJ IKHEBJIDeputy Director ( Metals ), ISI

Glossary and Alloy Designations Panel, SMDC 10/P-12Convex

SER B. K. MURTHYi%fembsrr

Indian Aluminium Co Ltd, Calcutta

SHSI N, COPALI~.RIB~~~P Rlfrrnotr toShri B. K. Murthy )War V. K. Aoa~wu Hindustan Aluminium Corporation Ltd, Rcnukot( Dirt Miraapur )2

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IS I 5047 ( Part III ) n 1979


TERMS RELATING. TO ALUMINIUMAND ALUMINIUM ALLOYSPART III GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES AND TOLERANCE,STRUCTURAL AND SURFACE DEFECTS

0. FOREWORD0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part III ) was adopted by the IndianStandards Institution on 23 July 1979, after the draft finalized by theLight Metals and Their Alloys Sectional Committee had been approvedby the Structural and Metals Division Council.0.2 This standard ( Part III ) has been prepared to making the glossaryof terms for application in the aluminium industry more comprehensiveby including the terms connected with special types of wrought metals,plant and operations, thermal treatment, control and testing, finishing,geometrical properties and tolerance, structural and surface defects; etc.It is hoped that this comprehensive standard on glossary of terms foraluminium and its alloys will help in estabilishing a generally recognizedusage for various terms encountered in the aluminium industry andeliminate any confusion which may sometimes arise due to individualinterpretation of terms used in the industry.0.3 This standard is being issued in three parts covering different sub-jects in a logical sequence. This part dealing with geometrical proper-ties and tolerance, structural and surface defects forms Part III of theseries. The other parts in the series are given below:

Part I Unwrought and wrought metals ( main and special types )Part II Plant and operations, thermal treatment, control and testing,finishing

0.4 In the preparation of this standard assistance has been derived fromthe following:

BS 3660 : 1963 Glossary of terms for aluminium and aluminiumalloys. British Standards Institution.Nomenclature for aluminium mill products. The AluminiumAssociation of USA.

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IS : 5047 ( Part III ) l 19791. SCOPE1.1 This standard ( Part III ) defines commonly used terms in the alu-minium industry relating to geometrical properties and tolerance, struc-tural and surface defects and also some general terms not covered inother two parts of the Glossary.2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS2.1 Geometrical Properties and Tolerance

2.1.1 Tolerance - An allowable amount of deviation from a specifiedcharacteristic.2.1.2 Length - That dimension which lies in the direction of finalworking.2.1.3 Width - The major dimension which lies transverse to the dircc-tion of final working.2.1.4 Straightness - The extent to which the axis or the edge of aproduct approaches a straight line.2.1.5 Lateral Curvature ( Edge Cu~atur~ ) - The lateral departure, inthe form of anarc, of an edge from straightness.2.1.6 Bow - Deviation from a straight line of a length of a productfollowing an arc.2.1.7 Lateral Bow - Deviation of a longitudinal edge from straightness( sometimes called camber ).2.1.8 Longitudinal Bow - A longitudinal curvature along the length inthe plane of a sheet.2.1.9 T~ansvcrse Bow - Curvature across the width of sheet or foil.2.1.10 Buckle - A distortion of the surface of sheet such as n bul~c


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IS : 5047 ( Part III ) - 19792.1.15 Angular i ty - Conformity to or deviation from, specified angulardimensions in the cross section of a shape or bar.2.1.16 Twis t - Torsiolal deviation of the transverse axis along thelength of a product.2.1.17 Corner Radius - The radius of an arc to which adjacent sides ofa product are tangential.?A.18 Ova l i t y - The departure of the cross section of a round tube,bar or wire, from a true circle.2.1.19 Concentr i ci t y - Uniformitycross section of a tube. of wall thickness throughout theThe tolerance on concentricity is established bythe wall thickness tolerance.2.1.20 M ean Wal l Thi ckness - The sum of the wall thickness of tubemeasured at the ends of any two diameters at right angles, and dividedby four.2.1.21 M ean D iamet er - The average of two measurements of the dia-meter at right angles to each other.2.1.22 Ecccntiicity - Deviation from a common centre as, for exampie,the inner and outer walls of a round tube. The difference between the

mean wall thickness and minimum or maximum wall thickness at anyone cross section. The permissible degree of eccentricity can be expressedby a plus and minus wall thickness tolerance.2.i.23 Sliding Fit - The ability of two pieces of metal, oue havinginternal and the other external bearing surfaces of complementary shape,to fit and move easily one wlthin the other.

2.1.23.1 Snap & - To fit one metal piece with another by applyingminor pressure.2.1.24 Splice - The end joint uniting two webs.2.1.25 Squareness - Characteristic of having adjacent sides or planesmeeting at 90 degrees.2.1.26 llteb - A connecting element between ribs, flanges or bosses onshapes and forgings.2.1.27 Cet1ter - The difference in thickness between middle and edges

of a sheet.2.1.28 Fil let - A concave junction between two surfaces.2.1.29 Rib - An elongated projection on a shape or forging to providestiffening.

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2.2 Structural and Surface Defects2.2.1 Non-heat Treat abl e M ateri al - Pure metal or that type of alloywhich does not respond to solution treatment*or precipitation treatmentand which therefore requires cold working f i l r t he improvement of itsmcctlanical propcrtics.2.2.2 11or k H ardening - Effecting an increase in tensile strength by colddefornlation.2.2.3 I - l ent- Treat able Al l oy - A type of alloy which will respond tosolution trcatrncnt or prccipitntion trcntmcnt or both, thus permittingenhanced mechanical properties to bc secured.2.2.4 M ass Efect - The effect of the size and shape of an article onthe rate of heat transfer duCng quenching resulting in variations in

mechanical properties frorn the outside to the centrr.2.2.5 Free Cultiq Alloy - An alloy which by virtui: of its chrmicalcomposition and condition, has constituents in a spheroidal form distri-buted throughout the rnctal which act as chip breakers.2.2.6 Nat ural Oxide Fil m - The self-healing film or skin of aluminiumoxide which forms naturally on aluminium and which is relatively inI-

pervious to atmos~~hcric attack.2.2.7 Cold Shut

a) A linear discontinuity in a cast surface caused when mrelirigstreams of molten metal fail to merge prior to solidification:b) A forging defect developed by metal flowing into i\ section fromtwo directions, resulting in a discontinuity at the junction.

2.2.8 Rol l M ark - A defect on plate, sheet, stri? or flattened wile,repeated at regular intervals and caused by an imperfection in the rollSUI ace.

2.2.9 Pinch M arks - Pressed-in folds generally running parallel to thedirection of rolling.2.2.10 Pack M arks - Small superficial marks associated with differen-tial metal flow in pack rolling.2.2.11 Block M arks - Short longitudinal scratches introduced duringrewinding of sheet, strip or foil, resulting from relative movement betweenadjacent wraps of the coil.2.2.12 Reel i ng Marks - Superficial spiral markings present on roundextruded or drawn products which have been straightened by reeling.2.2.13 Stretcher Grip Marks -Transverse indentation at the ends of a

product ilnpressed by the grips of the stretching machine.G

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IS : 5047 ( Part III ) - 19792.2.14 Conveyor M ark s - Scratches and pits occurring on one side of asheet as a result of contact with cables or other means of conveyance.2.2.15 Tra$c M arks ( Transit Abrasions ) - Small black surface spotscaused by the attrition of adjacent surfaces during transit.2.2.16 Draw n-i n-Scrat ch - A scratch occurring during the fabricatingprocess and subsequently drawn over making it relatively smooth totouch.2.2.17 Herr i ng Bone St reak - Superficial markings taking the form ofalternate light and dark bands forming a V or. W pattern across the widthof strip-mill rolled material.2.2.18 Fri ct i on Scrat ches - Short longitudina! scratches introduced

during coiling or reeling of sheet, strip or foil by relative movementbetween adjacent wraps of the coil.2.2.19 Broken Edge - Edge containing cracks, splits or tears.2.2.26 Broken Surface - A surface having innumerable minute cracksrunning normal to the direction of working.2.2.21 Broken M ot t Fini sh - An uneven finish on the matting surfacesof pack rolled foil.2.2.22 Surf ace Bloom - Surf xe discoloration which may develop onaluminium during exposure to moist atmospheres or during thermaltreatment.2.2.23 Telescoping - Transverse slipping of successive layers of a coilof sheet or foils0 that the ends of a coil are conical rather than flat.2.2.24 Whip Mark - Markings on a sheet surface generally runningnormal to the direction of rolling, resulting from a whipping of tbe sheet

as it ecters the rolling mill.2.2.25 Oxi de D iscolorat i on - DLcoloration of the material surface due tooxidation during thermal treatment.2.2.26 Dl #usi on St aini ng or St reaks - Patchy discoloration occurringduring the thermal treatment of clad material and resulting from thecomplete penetration ot the cladding by alloying constituents from thecore and their reaction with air or water.2.2.27 Caust i c St ain - A superficial surface blemish caused by theetching action of caustic.2.2.28 Oil Stainitlg - Staining associated with the partial decomposition

of residual lubricant during thermal treatment.7

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IS : 5047 ( Part III ) - 19792.2.29 W& r Staining - Superficial surface oxidation due to thereaction of water films held between closely adjncent metal surfaces suchas between wraps of a coil or sheet in a stock. The appearance variesfrom iridescent iu mild cases to white, grey or black in more severeinstances.2.2.30 Ifcut Trcut Stain - A discoloration due to oxidation of the metalsurlier tluriug thermal treatlnrnt.2.2.31 I.&U Lines - Strain markings in the form of stepped crisscrossed lines.2.2.32 Stretcher Strain AIarkir!,o.r - Permanent surface distortion in thefi)rm of flamboyant patterns or Liiders lines which appear when m,lteri;dsare stretched. The onset of these markings varies according to the tylje

of the material ilnd the degree of stretching.2.2.33 Ripple - A surface effect in the form of a very slight rrpeatrdtransverse wave or shadow mark, sometimes encountered with rolled ordrawn products.2.2.34 Surface Texturr - The quality of a surface according to its degree

Of roughness as assessed by using a profilometer.2.2.35 Chatter - Regularly spaced superficial transverse markirlgs

produced by vibration between the metal and the tools during !;ll)ric.n-tion, resulting in non-uniform surface reflection and bri&tness.2.2.36 Pick-Up - An inegular surface roughness caused by iIltrrmitteutadhesion between the forming tools and the metal.2.2.37 Roll Coating Pick-Up - A surface belmish on rolled material re-sulting from aluminium oxide transferring frotn the roll to the sheetsurface giving a speckled appearance.2.2.30 Orange Peel EJect - Surface roughening resulting from thedeformation under tension of coarse-grained material.2.2.39 Pit - A sharp depression in the surface.2.2.40 Speed Crtzcking ( CVOSS atching F talhcring ) - Transverse surfacecracks produced by excessive extrusion speed and/or extrusion emergencetemperature.2.2.41 Abrasion ( Scratches ) ( Scuf f Marks ) - Surface damage caused byattrition.2.2.42 Cougr - Mechanical damage taking the form of an isolated deepgroove.

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IS : 5047 ( Part III ) - 19792.2.43 Nick - A surface or edge discontinuity in the form of a slightcut, indentation or notch.2.2.44 Scort - A deep scratch.2.2.45 Die Lines - Continuous longitudinal lines formed on extrudedor drawn products by minor irregularities on the bearing surfaces of thedie.2.2.46 D i e Scores - Relatively deep continuous longitudinal lines onextruded or drawn products caused by the build up of aluminium on thebearing surface of the die.2.2.47 Lap - An open ended surface discontinuity formed as a resultof metal folding over during mechanical working.2.2.48 Fold - A deep lap.2.2.49 Crease - A shallow lap.2.2.50 chop - A lap formed at the base of a near vertical face ofa dieforging by the downward movement of the top die.2.2.51 Stop Mark - A transverse periphera1 ridge on a product arisingfrom a stoppage during rolling, extrusion or drawing.2.2.52 Bite Mark - A stop mark on rolled products.2.2.53 Die Mark - A stop mark on extruded or drawn products.2.2.54 h/ink - A localised deviation from an intended plane.2.2.55 Fin - A thin flange of excess metal squeezed out between therolls in the production of hot rolled rod.2.2.56 Flash - A thin flange of excess metal squeezed out between thedie faces in the production of a die forging.2.2.57 Lug - A thin, narrow projection from the main body of aforging.2.2.58 Burr - A sharp ragged projection at an edge, generallyassociated with a cutting operation.2.2.59 Burred Edge - A thin turned down edge on sheet, extrusion orfoil resuIting from shearing.2.2.60 Spill ( Sliver ) - A thin elongated piece of the parent metaladhering imperfectly to the surface of a product.2.2.61 M ismat ch ( O ffset > - The maximum lateral displacement of anypoint in that part of a forging formed by one die, from its correct positionrelative to the part of the forging formed m the other die of the pair.

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IS : 5047 ( Part III ) - 19792.2.62 Lock - A condition in which the parting line of a forging is notall in one plane.2.2.63 Bl i st er - A raised.area on the surface of the metal caused by theexpansion of a gas ( for example, hydrogen ) enclosed in a sub-surfice

void.2.2.64 Coati ng Bl i st t r - A blister in the coating of an alclad or a cladproduct.2.2.65 Adhesi on or Bond Bli st er - A blister associated with discontinuityin metallurgical bending between the coating and the core in clad

material.2.2.66 Dorrblc Skin - A thin surface layer separated from the parentmaterial by a film of oxide or other foreign matter and originating during

estrusion.2.2.67 Lamination - Internal crack aligned parallel to the principalsurfaces of a sheet or plate.2.2.68 Inclusion - A foreign body accidentally entrapped within themetal.2.2.69 Shrinkage - Contraction that occurs when metal cools from thehot working temperature.2.2.76 Segregation -Localized concentration of one or more of theCoustituentS of an alloy.2.2.71 Sean1 - A line juncture resulting from the deliberate bondingof two or more edges by pressure, fusion or mechanical interlocking.2.2.72 Ext rusion Defect ( Pipi ng) ( Cori ng ) - An internal defect occurr-ing at the back-end of an extrusion due to oxide from the surface of thecast billet being extruded into the product.2.2.73 Extrusion Seam -A seam in tube, pipe and hollow shape resultingfrom the pressure bonding of two or more edges in the course of extrusionthrough a spider or port hole die.2.2.74 Pi)kzx - An axial discontinuity in a round swaged bar.2.2.75 Crit ical Working - Cold working of metal to such a degree as togive rise to very coarse grain on subsequent annealing or solutiotttrcatmcnt.2.2.76 Eqtriaxcd Grains - Grains or crystals which have approximatelythe same dimensions in three axial directions.2.2.77 Grain Growth -The coarsening of the crystal structure occurringunder certain conditions of heating or combined heating and coldworking.

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IS I 5047 ( Part- III ) - 19792.2.78 Gf~h~7~~ Elongation of the crystal structure in the directionof working, revealed by etching a polished section.2.2.79 Multi-hole E$ect ( Crescent Effect ) - A characteristic non-concentric configuration of grain structure resulting from the use of

multihole dies.2.2.80 Peripheral Coarse Grain ( Pheripheral Grain Band ) - An area ofrecrystallized grains at the periphery of an extruded product, which haslower properties than the non-recrystallized core.2.2.81 Extrusion Eject - The .persistence of an essentially non-recrysta-llized core in the majority of alloys which have been extruded andsolution treated. This results in substantially higher tensile properties inthe longitudinal direction than are obtained with .the same alloys when in

other wrought forms.2.2.82 Hot Shortness -A tendency to brittleness while hot.2.2.83 Internal Stress - Non-uniform forces retained within the metalafter fabrication.2.2.64 Residual Stress - Such internal stress as may be left in thefinished product after stress relieving operations have been carried out.2.2.85 Liquation - Fusion of the lower-melting-point constituents ofan

alloy during hot working or thermal treatment.2.2.86 Over- Ageing - Precipitation treatment at too high a temperatureor for too long a period, resulting in the impairment of the tensileproperties. It may sometimes be applied deliberately ta improveresistance to stress corrosion.2.2.87 Under-Ageing- Precipitation treatment at too low a temperatureor for too short a period, resulting in failure to attain maximum' tensile

properties.2.2.88 Overheating - Heating to a high temperature in such a way thatliquation occurs to the detriment of the mechanical properties.2.2.89 Overstretching - Stretching to such a degree that stretcher strainmarkings develop or the grainstructure of the metal is revealed.2.290 Spring Rack -The partial elastic recovery of materials after colddeformation, for example, bending.2.2.91 Ruling Thickness -The dimension of a bar, forging or componentacross which the time of heat transfer is the longest in heat treatment

operations.2.2.92 Belly - A fullness in cross section of foil either at the centre ornear the sides.

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1s I 5047 ( Part III ) - 19792.2.93 Dished Edges - Departure from flatness associated with .edgedistortion during shearing, slitting or blanking.2.2.94 Wavy Edges - Departure from flatness represented by a corruga-ted or wave-like formation of the edges of a rolled product in which the

centre area remains flat.2.2.95 Earing - Wavy projections around the rim of a deep drawnarticles, due to variation in directional properties.2.2.96 Ears - Wavy symmetrical projections formed in the course ofdeep drawing or spinning as a result of directional properties or aniso-tropy in sheet. Ears occur in groups of 4 or 8 with the peaks of theprojections located at 45 and/or 0 and 90 to the rolling direction forthe cold worked and annealed materials respectively. Degree of earing

is the ditference between average height at the peaks and valleys dividedby average height at the valleys multiplied by 100 and expressed inpercent.

2.2.97 Oilcan Efect - In sheet or strip a localized departure from flat-ness which behaves in a similar manner to the diaphram of an oilcanunder alternating pressure.2.2.90 O$ Gauge - Deviation of thickness or diameter of a solid

product, or wall thickness of a tubular product from the standard orspecified dimensional tolerances.2.2.99 Grown ( Middle ) - The difference in thickness between oneedge and the centre of a rolled product.2.2.100 Under-Strength -of a drop forging or stamping. Thinner thanthe design thickness when measured normal to the parting line.2.2.101 Over-Strength - of a drop forging or stamping. Thicker thanthe design thickness when measured normal to the parting line.23.102 Lubricant Residue - The carbonaceous residue resulting fromlubricant burned on the surface of a forged part.2.2.103 Parting L ine ( F lash Line ) - The line on a stamping or pressingcorresponding to the plane of contact between the dies used in the

process of manufacture.2.2.104 Flow Lines - Lines on the surface of pointed sheet, broughtabout by incomplete levelling of the point.2.2.105 Flow Through - A forging defect caused when metal flows pastthe base of a rib resulting in rupture of the grain structure.

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18:9047(PastIrI)-19792.2.106Draft Angk - In the design of die forgings. The angulardeparture from the direction in which the blow is struck of surfaceswhich are nominally parallel with that direction.2.2.107 Natural Draft An& - The minimum draft angle compatiblewith consistent freeing of the top die from the product during forging.2.2.198 Matching Draft Angle - A draft angle greater than the naturaldraft angle necessitated on forgings unequally disposed about the partingline to provide coincident edges on that line.2.2.109 Suck-in- A defect caused when one face of a forging is sucked-in to 611 a projection on the opposite side.2.2.110 Forging Plane - A plan view of a dummy showing the mannerin which it should be positioned in the dies.2.2.111 Knock-Out Mark - A small solid protrusion or circular fin on aforging, resulting from the depression of a knock-out fin under forgingpressure or inflow of metal.between the knock-out fin and the die.22.112 Random Lengths - Cut pieces usually specified between widelimits of length.2.2.113 Equivalent Round- The diameter of a circle whose area is equalto the cross sectional area of an extruded or drawn section.2.2.114 Circumscribing Circle - A circle which will just contain thecross-section of an extrusion usually designated by the size of its diameter.22.115 Layer Wound Coil -wire wound layer on layer across the widthof a spool, where the width of the coil is greater than the width of the

material.2.2.116 Pancake Coi l - Narrow strip and flattened wire wound layer onlayer where the width of the coil is equal to the width of the material.2.2.117 Forging Drawing - A drawing showing the agreed contour of aforging and usually the details of grain flow and the position of mechani-cal test pieces and stating the minimum mechanical properties expectedfrom such test pieces.2.2118 Corrosion - The deterioration of a metal by chemical orelectrochemical reaction with its environment.2.2119 Intergranular Corrosion - Corrosion occurring perferentially atgrain boundaries.

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lSht41(%urtII%)-19792.2.M Pitting Cawosian-craters in metal s&&e. Localized .corresion~resulting&~small pits or

2.2.121 Stress Corrosion Crackit,g Failure by cracking resulting fromdirectional attack caused by the simuitaneow interaetion of sustained.tensile stress at an exposed ~urbee with the chemical or electrochemicaleffects of the surface environment.

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BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSHeadquarters:Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. NEW DELHI 110002Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha( Common to all Off ices )Regional Off ices: TelephoneCentral : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. 331 01 31NEW DELHI 110002 I 331 13 75*Eastern : 1 /14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 36 24 99Maniktola. CALCUTTA 700054Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, I 21843CHANDIGARH 160036 3 16 41

_ Campus, (41 24 42

Southern : C. I. T. MADRAS 600113 41 25 1941 29 16twestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6 32 92 95BOMBAY 400093Branch Off ices:Pushpak, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, I 2 63 48AHMADABAD 380001 2 63 49SPeenya Industrial Area 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road 38 49 55

BANGALORE 560058 38 49 56Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, I 667 16BHOPAL 462003Plot No. 82/83. Lewis Road. BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 36 2753/5. Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane, 3 31 77GUWAHATI 7810035-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ),HYDERABAD 500001 23 1083R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 I 6 34 716 98 32117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 I 21 68 7621 82 92Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05T.C. No. 14/1421. University P.O.. Palayam 16 21 04TRIVANDRUM 695035 16 21 17

/nspect ion Off ices ( With Sale Point ):Pushpanjali, First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71

Shankar Nagar Square. NAGPUR 440010Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 2435PUNE 411005*Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee P. 0. 27 68 00Street. Calcutta 700072 Approach, PrinceptSales Office in Bombay is at Novrlty Chambers, Grant Road, 89 65 28Bombay 400007$Sales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, 22 36 71Bangalore 560002

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