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है”ह”ह
IS 12845 (1989): Density composition tables for aqueoussolutions of hydrochloric acid [CHD 1: Inorganic Chemicals]
IS12845 ;1989
Indian Standard
DENSITY-COMPOSITIONTABLESFOR AQUEOUSSOLUTIONSOFHYDROCHLORTC
ACID- SPECIFICATION
UDC 543'24 : 546'41 + 546'46
@ BIS 1991
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
April 1991 Price Group 7
Chemical Standards Sectional Committee, CDC 1
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 30 November 1989, after the draft finalized by the Chemical Standards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council.
The density-composition tables provide a simple means to determine the strength of any aqueous solntion of hydrochloric acid or of making a solution of specific strength. The underlying principle in the preparation of these tables is that density is a function of the composition of aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions. By using a density hydrometer or from the density deter- mined at any particular temperature within the range of the tables, composition of the solution can be determined. The density-composition table is based on data obtained from the International Critical Tables 1928 still authoritative and relates to mass, not to apparent mass in air.
This standard is based on the tables published in BS 976 : 1987, Density-composition tables for aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid, issued by the British Standards Institution.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be roundh, off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. Ted number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that ofhe specified value in this standard.
Is1284!!:1989
Indian Standbd
DENSITY-COhiPOSITION TABLES FOR AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF -HYDROCHLORIC
ACID - SPECIFICATION 1 SCOPE
1.1 This standard furnishes tables which corre- late density with composrtion of aqueous soiu- tions of hydrochloric acid. This standard is .intended to assist in determining the strength of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid of .known density and in preparing solutions of specific strength.
3 REFERENCES
2.1 The following Indian Standards are necessary .adjuncts to this standard.
IS No. Title
3104 4 Part 1) : 1982
SpedIflcation for density hydrometers: Part 1 Require- ments ( first revision )
3104 ( Part 2 ) : 1982
Specification for density hy- drometers: Part 2 Methods of test and revision )
use ( jirst
3 DENSITY-COMPOSITION TABLE FOR AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF HYDRO- 4XLORIC ACID ( TABLE 1)
3.1 Abbreviationn
For the purpose of this standard, the following abbreviations shall apply:
Dt e Density of the aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid in ( kg/ml ) at a temperature t.
8 = Mass in grams of hydrochloric acid in 100 g@ams of the aqueous solution.
G = Mass in grams of hydrochloric acid in one litre of the aqueous solution at temperature t.
3.2 The table gives the values OC g and G for densities of hydrochloric acid solutions at various temperatures between 0” and 40°C.
3.3 Table 1 has been so prepared that the den- sity Dt increases by steps of 1 kg/m* and the corresponding values of g and G have been for each 5°C over the range 0” to 40°C.
3.4 Corrections to be applied racy are given in Annex A.
3.5 Examples of the use of position tables in conjunction are given in Annex B.
for greater accu-
the density-com- with hydrometers
3.6 Determinitlon of D, from Table 1
The method of obtaining density of solutions of hydrochloric acid of known strength is given in Annex C.
3.7 Choice of Hydrometera
Recommendations as to the choice of suitable hydrometers for use in conjunction with these tables are visual rea %
iven in Annex D. To avoid error in ing of the scales of the hydrometers
and to apply the corrections given in Annex A with best advantage, density hydrometers shall be used in overtlow vessels as recommended in IS 3104 ( Part 2 ) : 1082.
1
Table 1 Density - Composition Table for Aqueous Solutions of Hydrochloric Acid (Ckuses 3,3.3,3.6, B-1.1, B-34 C-l.1 and C-2 . 11
r T r l- 5 “c 15'C 2O’C 25°C
0.8 1 8 1-o , 10
3O’C 35-c 40°C O’C I t
_- .- - -
D, i3 G g G G g G g
-
G g G R G D,
1000 1001 1002
09 0.2 04
0 0.0 0 0.1 1 0.2 2 0.3 3 2 0.2 2 0.3 3 0.4 4 0.5 5 4 04 4 0.5 5 0.6 6 0.8 8
-
D.9
1-l 1.3
- -
9 1.2 11 1.4 13 1.6
12 1.6 16 14 1.8 18 16 2.0 20
--
1000 1001 1002
1003 0.6 6 0.6 6 07 7 08 8 19 10 1.2 12 1004 Q8 8 08 8 O-8 8 1.0 10 F2 12 1.4 14 1005 1.0 10 1.0 10 1.0 10 1-2 12 l-4 14 1.6 16
1-5 15 1.8 18 2.2 22 1.7 17 2.1 21 2.4 24 1.9 19 2.3 23 2.6 26
1003 1004 1005
1008 1-l 12 1.2 12 1.2 12 14 14 1.6 16 1.8 18 2.1 21 2.5 2il 2.8 29 100s 1007 1.3 13 1.4 14 1.4 14 1.6 16 1.8 18 2.0 20 2.3 23 2.7 27 3.1 31 1007 1008 1*5 15 l-5 16 1.6 16 1.8 18 2-o 20 2.2 22 2.5 25 2.9 29 3.3. 33 1008
1009 1.7 17 1.7 18 1.8 18 2.0 20 2.2 22 2.4 24 2.7 28 3.1 31 3.5 35 1009 1010 1.9 19 1.9 19 2.0 20 2.2 22 2.4 24 2.6 27 2.9 30 3.3 33 3.7 37 1010 1011 2.1 21 2.1 21 2-2 22 24 24 2.6 26 2.8 29 3.1 32 3.5 35 3.9 39 1011
1012 2.3 23 2.3 23 2.4 24 26 26 2.8 28 3.0 31 3.3 34 3.7 38 4.1 41 1012
1013 2.5 25 2.5 25 2.6 26 2.8 28 3.0 30 3.2 33 3.6 36 3.9 40 4.3 43 1013
1014 2.6 27 2.7 27 2.8 28 39 30 3.2 32 3.4 35 3.8 38 4.1 42 4.5 46 1014
1015 2.8 1018 3.0 1017 3.2
2.9 3.1 3.3
3.0 30 3-2 32 3.4 34 3.6 37 4.0 40 4.3 44 4.7 48 1015 3.2 32 3.4 34 3.6 36 3.9 39 4.2 42 4.5 46 4.9 50 1010 34 34 3.6 36 3.8 38 4.1 41 4.4 45 4.8 48 5.1 52 1017
4018 3.4 1019 3.6 1020 3.8
29 31 33
34 36 38
3.4 3.6 3.8
29 31 33
35 37 39
41 43 45
47 49 51
3.6 36 3.8 s6 4-o 40
3.8 38 4.0 40 4.2 43
4.0 40 4.2 42 4.4 45
43 4.6 47 5.0 51 5.4 54 1018 46 4.8 49 5.2 53 5.6 57 1019 48 5.0 51 5.4 55 5.8 59 1020
1021 1022 1023
1024 1025 1026
I 3.9 I 40
4.1 j 42 4.3 , 44
I 4.5 ; 46 4.7 1 48 4.9 50
4.0 4.2 4-4
4.2 42 44 4.4 45 46 4.6 47 4.8
4.6 47 4.8 49 5-o 51
50 5.2 53 5.6 57 6.0 61 1021 52 5.4 55 5.8 59 6.2 63 W= 54 5.6 58 6.0 61 6.4 66 1023
46 4-8 50 1
4.8 5-O 5.2
49 51 53
--
50 5.2 54
44 47 49
51 53 55
5.2 53 5.4 55 5.6 58
4.3 4.5 4.7
4.9 5.1 5.3
5.5 5.7 5.9
56 5.8 60 6.2 64 6.6 68 1024 58 6.0 62 6.4 6E 6.8 70 1025 61 6.3 64 6.6 68 70 72 1028
Table 1 Density - Composition ‘l’hble for Aqueous Solutions of Hydmddo$c Arid - Ccmtd --
30-c T 4o’c -T f
-_
G 0;
75 1027 77 1028 79 1029
77 7.9 81 79 8.1 84 82 8-3 86
7.4 76 7.7 80 8.1 64 8.5 68 7.6 78 7.9 82 8.3 86 8.7 90 7.8 81 8~1 84 8.5 86 9.0 93
8.0 83 8.4 87 8.8 91 9.2 95 8.2 85 8.6 89 90 93 9.4 97 8.4 87 8.8 91 9.2 55 9.6 99
97 9.8 102 LOO 10.0 104 102 10.2 106
9.2 96 9.6 100 LO.0 104 10.4 108 9.4 96 9.8 102 10.2 107 10.6 111 9.6 LO1 10.0 105 10.4 109 10.8 113
111 11.0 115 113 11.2 118 116 11.4 120
118 11.7 122 120 11.9 124 122 12.1. 127
125 12.3 l29 27 L2.5 131 i29 12.7 134
1030 1031 1032
1033 1034 1035
1030 1037. 1038
1039 1040 1041
1042 1043 1044
1045 1046 1047
1048 1048 1050
lW1
T r T 0°C 10 ‘C 20-c 1S’C 35-c 2sc I
4 G g G g G g G ii G g
1027 5.1 52 5.2 53 5.4 55 5.6 57 5.8 60 6.1 1028 5.3 -54 5.4 55 5.5 57 5.8 59 6.0 62 6.3 1029 5.5 56 5.6 57 5.7 59 6.0 61 6.2 64 6.5
1030 1031 1032
1033 1034 1035
1036 1037 1038
1039 1040 1041
1042 1043 1044
1045 1046 1047
1048 1049 1050
1051 1052 1063
5.6 56 5.8 59 5.9 61 6.2 63 6.4 58 60 6.0 61 6.1 63 6.4 66 ,6.6 6.0 62 6.2 64 6.3 65 66 68 6.9
6.7 69 7.1 73 7.5 7.0 72 7.3 75 7.7 7.2 74 7.5 78 7.9
6.2 64 6.4 6-4 66 6.6 6.6 66 6.8
66 66 70
72 74 76
6.5 68 6.8 70 7.1
6.7 70 7.0 ,72 7.3
6.9 72 7.2 74 7.5
6.8 70 7.0 7.0 72 7.1 7.2 74 7.3
7.1 74 7.4 77 7.7
7.3 76 7.6 79 7.9
7.5 78 7.8 81 8.1
7.4 77 7.5 78 7.7 80 8.0 7.6 79 7.7 60 7.9 a3 8.2 7,8 81 7.9 82 8.1 85 8.4
8.3 8.5 8.7
8.6 89 9.0 93 9.4 8.8 92 9.2 95 9.6 9.0 94 44 98 98
7.9 83 8.1 85 8.3 87 8.6 8.1 85 8.3 87 8.5 89 8.8 8.3 87 8.5 89 8.7 91 9.0
8.9 9.1 9.3
8.5 8.7 8.9
9.1 9.3 9.5
9.7 9.8
10.0
89 91 93
95 97 99
101 104 106
--
8.7 8.9 9.1
9.3 9.5 9.7
9.9 10.1 10.3
91 93 95
97 99
102
104 106 106
8.9 9.1 9.3
93 95 98
100 102 104
106 108 111
9.2 9.4 9.6
9.5 9.7 9.9
10.1 10.3 10.5
9.8 10.0 10.2
10.4 10.6 10.8
83 85 87
90 92 94
96 96
101
103 105 107
109 112 114
9.5 9.7 9.9
10.1 10.3 10.5
10.7 10.9 11.1
66 68 71
73 75 77
79 82 84
86 86 90
93 95 97
99 102 104
106 108 111
113 115 117
9.9 10.1 10.3
10.5 10.7 10.9
11.1 11.3 11.5
-
G
-
g
-
G
-
83
65 67
6.5 6.7 6.9
- -
65 s-s 69 7.1 71 7.3
la3 10.2 107 10.6 105 10.4 109 LO-8 LO7 10.6 111 11.0
110 10.8 114 A.2 112 11.0 116 11.5 114 11.2 118 .1.7
116 11.5 120 il.9 119 11.7 123 L2.1 121 11.9 125 b2.3
- -
-
G
--
70 73 75
-
-
g
-
7.3 7.5 7.7
-
1 I I
i
1 1
1
I
1
1
-
(COdWf)
. I
O’C 4O’C I
f-4 8 G g G
1064 1066 1068
102 108 104 ll0 107 113 11.0 116 lo4 110 10.6 lb .- 10-9 115 11.2 118 106 lu 1@8 114 11.1 117 114 120
1067 1w tw
108 114 119 116 11.3 119 116 I22 llQ 116 11.2 119 11.5 121 11.8 I.25 lla 118 114 121 11.7 124 12.0 l27
1W 1061 1062
114 l.20 11.6 Y.23 11.9 126 12.2 129 11.5 123 11.8 I.25 12.1 128 124 131 11.7 125 l2Q 127 12.3 130 126 133
1063 low tw
ll.9 12-l 12.3
1zI 129 X51
12.2 124 12.5
129 132 134
tw 1067 1w
12-5 133 12.7 136 130 139 13-3 142 12.7 135 12.9 138 13.2 141 13.5 144 12.9 137 13-1 140 134 143 13.7 147
lW 1070 1071
13.1 140 13.3 142 13.6 145 13.9 149 13.2 142 13.5 144 13.8 148 14.1 151 134 144 13.7 147 14.0 150 14.3 153
1072 1073 1074
X5-6 146 13.9 149 14.2 152 14.5 155 13-E 146 14.1 151 14.4 154 14.7 158 14-o 150 14.2 153 14.6 1s 14.9 160
1075 14.2 152 14.4 155 1076 144 154 14.6 157 1077 14.5 157 14.8 160
10-78 14.7 159 15.0 162 1079 14-9 161 15.2 164 WE0 15.1 163 15.4 166
t
D,
1064 1W 1W
1067 1w 1w
1066 1061 1063
1W 1w 1w
1W 1067 106#
1069 1070 1071
1072 1073 1074
1076 1076 1077
1078 1On 1w
11.9 12.1 12.3
12.5 12.7 12.9
16.1 16.3 165
139 142 144
166 169 171
173 176 178
g
11.7 11.9 12.1
12.3 12.5 12.7
15.9 16.1 16.3
16.5 16.7 16.9
-
G
-
g G g G g G
- -
123 12-l 125 12.3 128 12.5
127 129 132
-
12.5 12.7 12.9
132 134 136
-
12.9 13.1 13.3
136 138 140
130 12.7 134 132 12.9 136 134 13.1 138
13.1 13.3 13.5
138 141 143
13.5 13-j li.9
143 145 147
137 139 141
13.3 13.5 13.7
141 143 145
13.7 13.9 14.1
145
;zz
14.1 14.3 14.5
150 152 154
143 13.9 148 14.3 152 14.7 157 146 14.1 150 14.5 155 14.9 159 148 14.3 152 14.7 157 15.1 161
150 14.5 154 14.9 159 15.3 164 152 14.7 157 15.1 161 15cl 166 155 14.9 159 15.3 164 15.8 168
157 15.1 161 15.5 166 16.0 171 159 15.3 164 15.7 169 16.2 173 162 15.5 166 16Q 171 16.4 175
164 15.7 168 16.2 173 16.6 178 166 15.9 171 16.4 176 16.8 180 168 16.1 173 16.6 178 17.0 162
171 16.3 175 16.8 173 l.6.5 178 17.0 175 16.7 180 17.2
178 16.9 182 17-4 180 17,l 185 17.6 182 17.3 187 17.8
180 183 185
187 189 192
17.2 17.4 17.6
17.8 18.0 18.2
185 187 189
192 194 197
g G B
12.4 132 12.8 136 12.6 l34 WQ 138 12.8 I.37 13.2 140
14.7 14.9 15.1
15.3 15.5 15.7
159 15.1 162 161 15.3 165 163 15.5 167
165 15.7 169 167 15.9 171 170 16.1 174
P
i
r
#)‘C 36’C 35'C 0-c 4o’C 25-c 15 ‘c 1
1051 1052 1053
1054 1085 1055
1057 1055 1059
lo90 lo91 lo92
lo93 lo94 lo95
1096 lo97 1098
lo99 1100 1101
1102 1103 1104
I
-
g G g G g G &? G 8 G g g
-
G
-
i 1
g G g G
1081 15.3 165 15.6 168 15.9 172 16.3
1082 15.5 167 15.8 170 16.1 174 16.5
1083 15.7 169 15.9 173 16.3 176 16.7
1 x 1 180
16.7 160 17.1 185
16.9 182 17.3 187 17.1 185 17.5 189
-
17.5 17.7 17-9
-
189 192
194
18.0 194 18.4 18.2 197 18.6 18.4 199 18.8
199 201 2o4
1084 1085 1085
15.8 172 16.1 175 16.5 179 16-9 183 17.3 187 17.7 192 18.1 196 18.6 201 19.0 16.0 174 16.3 177 16.7 181 17.1 165 17.5 189 17.9 194 18.3 199 18.8 204 19.2 16.2 176 16.5 179 16.9 183 17.2 187 17.6. 192 18.1 196 18.5 201 19.0 206 19.4
206 209 211
1087 16.4 178 16.7 181 17.1 165 17.4 190 17.8 194 18.3 193 18.7 203 19.2 208 19.6 213 1088 16.6 180 16.9 184 17.2 188 17.6 192 180 196 18.5 201 18.9 206 19.4 211 19.8 216 1089 16.8 163 17.1 186 17.4 190 17.8 194 18.2 199 18.7 203 19.1 208 19.6 213 20.0 2l8
1090 16.9 185 17.3 186 17.6 192 180 196 18.4 201 18.9 206 19.3 211 19.8 216 20.2 221 lo!?1 17.1 187 17.4 190 17.8 194 18.2 l!99 18.6 203 19.1 208 19.5 213 20.0 218 20.4 223 1092 17.3 189 17.6 193 18.0 197 18.4 201 18.8 206 19.3 210 19.7 215 20.2 220 20.7 226
1093 17.5 191 17.8 195 18.2 199 18.6
1094 17.7 193 18.0 197 18.4 201 18.8
1095 17.9 196 18.2 199 18.6 203 19.0
203
z
19.0 208 19.5 213 19.9 218 20.4 223 20.9 228 19.2 210 19.7 215 20.1 220 20.6 225 21.1 230 19.4 213 19.9 218 20.3 222 20.8 228 21.3 233
1096 18.0 198 18.4 201 18.8 206 19.2 2io 19.6 215 20.1 220 20.5 225 21.0 230 21.5 235 1097 18.2 200 18.6 204 19.0 208 19.4 213 19.8 217 20.3 222 20.7 227 21.2 232 21.7 238 1098 18.4 202 18.8 206 19.1 210 19.6 215 20.0 220 20.5 225 20.9 230 21.4 235 21.9 240
1099 1100 1101
1102 1103 1104
1105 1106 1107
18.6 18.8 19.0
19.1 19.3 19.5
204 206 209
18.9 208 19.3 212 19.8 217 20.2 222 20.7 227 21.1 232 21.6 19.1 210 19Y5 215 20.0 219 20.4 224 20.8 229 21.3 234 21.8 19.3 213 19.7 217 20.1 222 20.6 227 21.0 232 21.5 237 22.0
224 2% 229
231 233 236
20.8 229 21.2 234 21.7 239 22.2 21.0 231 21.4 236 21.9 242 22.4 21.2 234 21.6 239 22.1 244 22.6
,
1
,
-
237 22.1 243 240 22-3 245 242 22.5 248
211 19.5 215 19.9 213 203
213 19.7 217 20.1 222 20.5
215 19.9 219 20.3 224 20.7
245 22.7 250 247 22.9 252 249 23.1 255
19.7 I 217 20.1 222 20.5 226 20-9
19.9 '2m 20.2 224 20.7 228 21.1
20.1 222 20.4 226 20.8 231 21.3
214 236 21.8 241 22.3 21.6 2.38 22.o 244 22.5 21.7 241 22.2 246 227
246 249 251
22.8 23c 23.2
252 254 257
23.3 23.5 23.7
257 260 262
- - - - (GmtinsW
1 -
‘IMe 1 Density - Composition ‘Ihble for Aqueous Sohtion~ of HyWoric Acid - titd
T T T 0°C T 5°C 10 “c 15 ‘c t
--
4 g G 6 G g G g
1108 1109 1110
20.2 224 20.6 228 21.0 2o.4 226 20.8 231 21.2 20.6 229 21.0 233 21-4
233 21.5 238 21.9 243 22.4 248 22.9 254 23.4 259 23.9 265 235 21.7 240 22-l 246 22.6 251 23.1 256 23.6 262 24.1 267 236 21.9 243 22.3 248 22.8 253 23.3 259 23.8 264 24.3 270
1111 20.8 231 21.2 235 21.6 240 22.1 245 22.5 250 23.0 256 23.5 261 24.0 267 24.5 272 1111 1112 21.0 233 21.4 238 21.8 242 22.2 247 22.7 253 23.2 256 23.7 263 24.2 269 24.7 275 1112 1113 21.1 235 21.6 240 22.0 245 22.4 250 22.9 255 23.4 260 23.9 266 24-4 271 24.9 277 1113
1114 21.3 236 YJ1.7 242 22.2 247 22.6 252 23.1 257 23.6 263 24.1 266 24.6 274 25.1 280 1114 1115 21.5 240 21.3 244 22.4 249 22.8 254 23.3 2&O 2F.8 265 24.3 271 24.8 276 25.3 282 1115 1116 21.7 242 22.1 247 22.5 252 23.0 257 23.5 262 24.0 267 24.5 273 25.0 279 25.5 285 1116
1117 21.9 244 22.3 1118 22.1 247 22.5 1119 22.2 249 22-7
249 251 254
256 258 261
263 265 267
270 272 274
277 279 281
2m 286 288
22.7 254 23.2 259 23.7 *z&9 256 234 261 23-9 23-l 255 23‘6 264 24-l
iit 269
24.2 270 24.7 276 25.2 281 25.7 287 1117 24.4 272 24.9 278 25.4 284 25.9 290 1118 24.5 275 25.1 280 25.6 286 26.1 293 1119
1120 22.4 251 22.8 1121 22.6 253 23.0 1122 22.8 256 23.2
23.3 23.5 23.7
23.8 266 24-3 272 24-7 m 25.3 283 25.8 289 264 295 1120 24.0 269 244 274 24.9 280 25.5 285 26.0 291 26.6 296 1121 24.1 271 24.6 2'76 25.1 282 25.7 288 26.2 294 26.8 300 1122
1123 23.o 256 23.4 1124 23.1 260 23.6 1125 23.3 262 23.8
23.9 24.0 24.2
273 24-8 276 25-O 278 25.2
285 25.9 290 26.4 296 27.0 3a3 1123 287 26.1 293 26.6 299 27.2 305 1124
269 26.3 295 26.8 302 274 308 1125
1126 23.5 265 24.0 1127 23.7 267 24.1 1128 23.9 269 24-3
24.4 24.6 24.8
254 25-6 25.8
292 26.5 298 27.0 304 27.6 311 1126 294 26.7 300 27.2 307 ma 313 1127
297 26.9 303 27.4 309 28.0 316 1128
1129 1130 1131
1132 1133 1134
24.1 272 24.5 24.2 274 24.7 24.4 276 24.9
24.6 279 25.1 24.8 281 25.2 25.0 283 25.4
25.0 25.2 254
25.5 25.7 25:9
261 263 2%
266 270 273
275 277 260
282 284 287
269 292 294
24.3 24.5 24.7
24.9 25.1 25.3
25.5 25.7 25.9
26.1 26.3 264
280 283 285
286 290 293
295 297 300
269 26-2 26.4
279 281 264
286 289 291
294 296 298
301 303 306
25.3 25.5 25.7
25.9 26.1 26.3
26.5 26.7 26.9
27.1 27.3 27.5
299 302 304
27.1
it.5
306 27.6 312 28.2 308 27.8 315 284 311 28.0 317 28.6
319 321 324
327 329 332
1129 1130 / 1131 /
26-6 26-8 2w
307 27.7 313 309 27.9 316 312 Z&i 318
28.2 28.4 28.7
-
320 28.8 322 29.1 325 29.3
I 1132 I 1133 ' 1134
I
. I
‘fhble 1 Density - Qmpositim ‘fhble for Aqueous Sduliom of Hydmddark Add - Car&f
‘r I- T 0 ‘c S’C 10 ‘c 15 ‘C 25% 40-c 3O’C 35’C 20-c t
D,
113s 1136 1137
1138 113s 1140
1141 1142 1143
1144 1146 1140
1147 1148 1149
1150 1151 1152
1163 1154 1155
1156 1157 1168
1159 1160 1161
t
D, --
113s 1136 1137
1138 1139 1140
1 t41 1142 1143
1144 1146 1146
1147 1148 1149
1160 1151 1162
1153 1164 1166
G g g G 8 G g G g
-
G
291 26.1 296 26.6 293 26.3 299 26.8 295 26.5 301 27.0
7
302 305 307
n-2 214 276
308 311 313
315 317 320
28.3 28.5 28.7
-
321 324 326
298 26.7 304 27.2 310 276 316 28.3 322 28.9 329 300 26.9 306 27.4 312 280 318 28.5 325 29.1 331 303 27.1 309 276 315 28.2 321 28.7 327 29.3 334
26.3 300 26.8 305 27.3 311 27.8 26.4 302 26.9 308 27.5 313 289 26.6 304 27.1 310 27.6 316 28.2
317 320 322
325 321 330
332 335 337
340 343 345
348 350 353
356 358 361
363 366 369
284 286 20.8
290 29.2 294
29.6 29.7 29.9
30-l =3. 365
30.7 309 31.1
31.3 3lc.l 31.7
31.9 32.1 32.3
3!24 326 329
331 334 336
339 342 344
347 349
352
354 357 360
362 365 368
370 373 375
28.9 29.1. 29.3
330 332 335
29.5 29.7 29.9
337 339 342
26.8 307 27.3 313 27.8 318 28.4 27.0 309 27.5 315 28-O 321 28.6 27.2 311 27.7 317 28.2 324 28.8
29.5 29.7 29.9
338 340 34;
30.1 30.3 30-5
344 347 350
27.4 314 27.9 320 28.4 326 29.0 27.5 316 28.1 322 28.6 329 29.2 27.7 319 28.3 325 28.8 331 29.4
30.1 30.3 30.5
345 348 351
30.7 30.9 31.1
352 365 358
27.9 321 28.4 327 29.0 334 296 28.1 323 28.6 330 29.2 336 29.8 28.3 326 28.8 332 29.4 339 300
30.7 30.9 31.1
353 356 359
31.3 31.5 31.7
360 363 366
29.0 334 29*6 341 30.2 29.2 337 29.8 344 30.4 29.4 339 30-O 347 306
31.3 361 31.9 368 31.5 364 32.1 371 31.7 366 32.4 374
29.6 342 30-2 349 30.8 29.8 344 30.4 352 31.0 29.9 347 30.6 354 31.2
31.9 369 32.6 376 32.1 372 32.8 379 32.3 375 33.0 382
30-8 357 31.4 31.0 360 31.6 31.2 362 31.8
$2.6 377 33.2 32.8 380 33.4 33.0 383 33.6
-
384 387 390
-
--
G
-
28 i30
i33
35 i38 i41
-
-
R
-
9-s 9.7 9.9
g G G
286 288 290
293 295 297
328 331 333
335 338 340
343 345 348
g (I
25.2 25.3 25.5
25.7 25.9 26.1
28.5 28.7 28.8
29.0 29.2 29.4
29.6 29.8 29.9
25.6 25.8 26.0
26& 26.4 26.6
!8*9 !9*1 !9.3
t9.5 z9.7 B9
L
Table 1 Density - Composition Table for &WOW Sdutims of Hy~chioh Acid - Cimtd
co
I O’C 5 ‘c 1O'C 15°C 20°C 25°C 3O.OC 35'c 40-c I
D, R G R G g G g G g GgGgGgGgG D,
1162 1163 1164
1165 1166 1167
1168 1169 1170
1171 1172 1173
1174 1175 1176
1177 1178 1179
1180 1181 1182
1183 1184 1185
1186 1187 1188
’ 31.4 365 32.0 371 32-5 378 33.2 385 33.8 393 1162 31.6 368 32.2 374 32-a 381 33.4 388 34-o 396 1163 31-a ) 370 32.4 377 33.0 384 33.6 391 34.2 398 1164
32.0 / 373 .32.6 379 33.2 386 33.8 394 34.4 401 1165 32.2 1 375 32.8 382 33.4 389 34.0 396 34.6 404 1166 32.4 ( 378 33.0 385 33.6 392 34.2 399 34.8 407 1167
32-6 j 381 33.2 388 33-a 394 34-4 402 35-l 410 1168 32-a 1 383 33.4 390 34-o 397 34-6 405 35.3 412 1169 33.0 ’ 386 33.6 393 34.2 400 34-a 408 35.5 415 1170
33.2 389 33.8 396 34-4 403 35.0 410 35-7 418 1171 33.4 391 34.0 398 34.6 405 35-2 413 35.9 421 1172 33.6 1 394 34.2 401 34-a 408 35.5 416 36.1 424 1173
33.8 397 1174 34.0
( ( 400
;4"6 ;I ;I; 4l; El'9 g E 42; 1175
34.2 402 34.8 409 35.4 '16 -. 38'1 424 36.8 432 1176
34.4 405 35.0 , 412 35.6 419 36.3 427 37.0 435 1177 34.6 408 35.2 415 35.8 422 36.5 430 37.2 438 llrn 34.8 1 410 35.4 417 36.0 425 36.7 433 37.4 441 1179
iii . I 1
413 35.6 / 420 36.2 428 36.9 436 37.6 444 1180 416 35.8 / 423 36.4 430 37-2 439 37.9 447 1181
35.4 ’ 418 36.0 I 426 36.6 433 37-4 442 30-1 450 1182
35.6 / 421 36.2 429 36.8 436 37.6 445 -1183~ 35.8 j 424 36.4 431 37.1 439 37-a 448 1184 36.0 i 427 36.6 434 37.3 442 38.0 450 1185
I 36.2 429 36.8 437 37.5 444 38.2 453 1186 36.4 j 4% 37.0 440 37.7 447 38.4 456 1197
36.6 / 435 37.3 443
37.9 450 38.7 459
1 I
1188
35 ‘c I 4’C
1189 1190 1191
1192 11g 1181
1196 1198 1197
1198 ll!I9 1200
1201 1202 1203
1204 1206
I
D,
-
G G g
38.7 39-o 39.2
39.4 39.6 39.8
40-O
G G G R G
36.8 37-o 37.2
438 440 443
37.4 446 37.6 449 37.8 452
38-o 38-2 38.5
38-7 38.9 39-l
39.3 39.5 39-7
40.0 40-2
455 457 460
463 466 469
472 475 478
481 464
K R g
37.5 37.7 37.9
38-l 38.3 38.5
36.7 38-9 39.1
39.3 395 39.8
1189 1190 1191
1192 1193 1194
1196 1196 1197
1198 1199 1200
1201 1202 1203
1204 1205
445 448 451
454 457 460
462 465 468
471 474 477
463 456 459
462 465
468
470 473 476
480
IS 12845:1!m
ANNEX A ( Clauses 3.4 and 3.7 )
CORRECTIONS OF READINGS TAKEN BY HYDROMETERS
A-l CORRECTIONS TO BE APPLIED FOR GREATER ACCURACY
A-l.1 Where greater accurafy is necessary, the following additional correctlons are applied for:
a) the scale error of the hydrometer,
b) the difference between the temperature of the liquid and the standald temperature of the hydrometer, and
c) the difference between the surface tension of the liquid and that for which the hydrometer is adjusted.
A-1.1.1 Corrections for Scale Errors
The maximum permissible scale errors allowed on hydrometers appropriate for hydrochloric acid are given in Table 2.
A-1.1.2 Temperature Corrections
When the’ hydrometer reading is taken at a temperature t other than the standard tempera- ture ts ( 27X, 20°C or 15°C ), the reading is in error due to the difference in the volume of the hydrometer between ts and 1.
A-1.1.2.1 Appropriate corrections for making allowance for this temperature effect are given in Table 3. Density hydrometers corrected in accordance with Table 3 give the density Dt of the liquid at t.
A-1.1.3 Surface Tension Correction
These corrections are applied on a hydrometer reading taken in an overflow vessel so as to ensure that the surface of the liquid is truly clean.
Table 2 Indian Standard Hydrometers for Use in Aqueous Solutions of Nitric Acid
( Clauses A-1.1.1 and D-l.1 )
Sertnrd Interval Equivalent Covered by of One Sub-
Scale Length Number of Pergti:$ble Overall ( Nominal
Bolb Scale
Category Indioidanl Division Le;;;h ) Division E&or Length Diameter
Hydrometers Max w--,
Max Min r-_A_-y r---h-, e-7
Max
( g/ml ) ( kg/m’ ) ( g/ml ) ( kglmr ) (mm) ( kg/m”) (mm) (mm) L 20 o-020 20 owe 2 0’2 105 10 -+ 0.2 335 36 40 L so o-050 50 04005 0.5 125 100 f 0.5 335 23 27 M 50 O-050 50 0401 1 70 50 -f I.0 270 20 24 Ml00 0.100 100 o-002 2 85 50 & 2.0 250 18 20 s 50 0’050 50 0402 2 50 25 f 2.0 190 18 20
NOTE - The letters L. M and S stand for ‘Long’, ‘Medium’. and ‘Short’ associated with each of them indicate the difference between the two extreme
respectively and the numbers
hydrometer of the particular series concerned. graduations of the scale of each
-,
SI No.
Table 3 Temperature Correctioas for Density Hydrometers (Clauses A-1.1.2.1 and A-1.1.3.4 )
Standard Temperature 1, of Hydrometer Hydrometer Reading at Temperature z
i) ii)
iii) iv)
v) vi)
vii) viii)
ix) x)
P- --
27°C
-
17 22 27 32 31 42 - -
__-____--A.------w--4--
20°C 15°C - Temperature ( PC ) of liquid
0 - 5 0
10 5 15 10
20 15 25 20 30 25 35 30 40 35 - 40
----.-_‘_*-_._-_-~
1 000 1200 Correction ( 0.1 kg!ms )
+5 +6 $4 $5 $3 +3 +I +2
0 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -4 -5 -5 -6 -_ 6 -8
NOTES 1 When the sign is positive, the correction is to be added to the hydrometer reading and when negative it is lo be subtracted from it. 2 This table is based on the value 2.5 X IO-’ Per ‘C for the coefficient of cllbical expansion of the hydrometer.
10
.
A-1.1.3.1 When the highest accuracy is required, hydrometer adjusted for the ‘high’ surface tension value 75 mN/m shall be used.
A-1.1.3.2 In cases where no special precautions are taken for obtaining a clean acid surface, the surface tension of aqueous solutions is usually less than the surface tension value for clean s urfaces. Also, since the value depends to a large extent on the degree of contamination of the surface, the effective surface tension is erra- tic. Hence when using ordinary hydrometer jars without overflow, it is not possible to assign a reliable value to the surface tension of the acid solutions without measuring it. Under these conditions surface tension corrections are usually ignored. It may, however, be assumed that under ordinary conditions of cleanliness, the values lie between 40 mN/m and 70 mN/m. It is, therefore, appropriate .to use a hydrometer adjusted for 55 mN/m. The error then intro- duced by ignoring surface tension is unlikely to exceed values given in Table 4.
A-1.1.3.3 It is of interest to examine the overall effect of ignoring corrections under A-1.1, A-l.1 2 and A-1.1.3 when using hydrometers adjusted for the ‘medium’ surface tension value. In Table 5, the hydrometers are assumed to be floating in hydrochloric acid solutions of density
tween 1000 and 1 150 kg/ma at a temperature b48. di ering by flO”C from the standard tempera- ture of the hydrometer.
A-1.1.3.4 Application of hydrometer correc- tions:
Example:
Hydrometer used: Densitv hydrometer Z 50 range 1 100 to 1 150 kg/mi at 20°C adjusted for 75 mN/m, ascertained scale error -t-O’5 kg/m*.
Temperature of acid solution 27°C Uncorrected hydrometer read- ing using overflow technique 1 106’0 kg/ml Corrections: For scale error For temnerature ( from
-0’5 kg/m8
Table-3 ) ’ For surface tension
( from Table 6 )
Then density of acid solution at 27°C
From Table 1 a
-0’2 kg/m8
-0’1 kg/ma ------
1 105.2 kg/ma
solution of densit! 1 105 kg/m* at 27°C contains 22’0 g d hydrochloric acid in 100 g of solutior and one litre of solution. contains 243 g oi hydrochloric acid.
Had the corrections of scale error, tempera. ture and surface tension been ignored the values would have been 22’2 g and 246 g, respectively.
Table 4 Maximttm Errors Introdaced by Ignoring Sorf8ce Tension when Reading Den&y liydrometen, Adjosted for 55 mN/m, in Aqueous Solotions of Hydrochloric Acid
in 80 Ordiarry Hydrometer J8r Maximum Error ( kg/m* ) ( Clause A-1.1.3.2 )
Sl No. Dcnrihr of the Acid Solution Dcnrlty Hydrometers AdJusted for 55 mN/m -__.-_ - ,----___-----___--__, ktdm* L 20 L 50 M so Ml00 S50
i) looo-1200 *:2 * 0.4 fo.7 f 1.1 fV9
NOTE - The letters L, b-2 and S stand for *Long*, ‘Medium’. and ‘Short’ respectively and tho numbers arrociated with each of them indicate the difference between the two sxtroma graduations of the scale Of each hydrometer of tbc particular series concerned.
?8bie 5 Mttximttm Error@ Due to Omirsiott of 8ii Corrections to Density Hydrometers Adjusted for 55 pN/m
( Clause A-1.1.3.3 )
Series and Range Category L 20 L 50 M 50 Ml00 S50
Value of 1 sub-division 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 2.0 ( kg/m* 1 kg/m*
a) Maximum permissible scale correctioor f 0.2 * 0.5 f 1’0 f 2.0 f 2-o b) Ml;;T;rn temperature corrections for
f 0.3 f 0.3 f 0.3 f 0’3 f 0.3 c) Maximum estimated surface tenrion
correction f 0.2 f 0.4 f 0.7 If 1.1 f 0.9
Maximum value of total correctlonl f O-7 -+ 1.2 * 2.0 f 3.4 f 3.2 Error in grams in determined strength of OolutiOn Of density 1 100 kg/m* at 30°C ( 21’3 g hydrochloric acid per 100 g Of aolutlon or 234 g hydrochloric acid per 1 Htre of solution ) corrcapondmg to total corrections above.
I
wcl in 100 g of lolutlon f 092 f 0.2 I o-4 f 0.7 f 0.6 HC1 in 1 litrc of #olutlOn f2 f3 *5 18 f8
N3Ta - The lsttsrc L, M md S rtand for ‘Long’, ‘Medium’, and ‘Short’ rerpeotlvely and the numberl ga#oc{gted with rach of them indicate tho difforettce between the two extreme tgrrduations of the ,cgle of @rob hydrom@ter of the particular leric8 coaceroed.
11
.
1812865:1#19
Tsbie 6 Surface Teedon Corrections for Indian Standard Density Hydrometers AdJarbd for ‘High’ Surface Tensioo Value When Used in Aqoeoos Solutions of Hydrochloric
Acid Having Trsly Clean Sorface ( Correction in 0’1 kg/ma ) ( Chwe A-1.1.3.4)
3 1 No. Daarily of Solath at Indian Standard Hydrometers Adjusted for the ‘High’ Sorface Teasion 75 mN/m r---------- ~-h----__------,____
27°C ( kg/m* 1 L2O L so M 50 M 100/S 50
0 loo0 0 0 0 0 ii) 1 100 -1 -1 -2 -5
iii) 1200 -1 -2 -4 -5
NOTES 1 The letters L, M and S staad,for ‘Long’. ‘Medium’, and ‘Short’ respectively and the numbers associated with each of them indicate the difference between the two extreme graduations of the scale of each bydro- meter of the particular series concerned. 2 The sign being negative. the correction is IO be subtracted from the hydrometer reading.
ANNEX B ( Chse 3.5 )
USE OF DENSITY-COMPOSfTION TABLES
B-1 TO DETERMINE THE STRENGTH OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF HYDRO- CHLORIC ACID
El.1 Suppose that the temperature of the solu- tion is TS’C and the density at that temperature is 1 086 kg/ms. Then in Table 1 UI’ 3er the tem- perature 25°C and opposite Dt = 1 OS? will be found g - lg.1 and G = 196, indicatmg that the solution contains 18’1 grams of hydrochloric acid in 100 g of solution and 196 g of hydro- chlyic acid in one litre of solution at 25°C.
B-2 TO MAKE UP A SOLUTION CONTAIN- ING 2043 g OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN THE 100 GRAMS OF SOLUTION
B-2.1 In Table 1 under t - 20°C the value of Dt corresponding to g = 20’8 g is 1 102 kg/m’. Water should therefore be mixed with a more tincentrated solution of hydrochloric acid, in -small portions with thorough mixing and avoid- ance of an undue rise in temperature, the density of the diluted acid solution being checked with
a hydrometer during the dilution until the Hydrometer indicates that the density is appro- aching 1 102 kg/m*. ’ At this stage and before making the final adjustment, the temperature of the solution is taken. Suppose it is 25”C, then from Table I the value of Dt corresponding to g = 20’8 in the column headed 25°C is 1 100 kg/ma. The solution at 25°C should, therefore, be adjusted so that a hydrometer indicates that its density is 1 100 kg/m*. The solution thus obtained will contain 20’8 g of hydrochloric acid in 100 g of solution.
B-3 TO MAKE UP A SOLUTIOti CONTAIN- ING 218 g OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN 1 LITRE OF SOLUTION AT 25°C
B-3.1 From Table 1 under the heading 25”C, we find that a solution containing 218 g of hydro- chloric acid per litre has 19’9 g of hydrochloric acid per 100 g of solution. Therefore the required solution is made up as in B-2 using g = 19’9.
DETERMINATION
ANNEX C ( Chuse 3.6 )
OF DENSITY (Dt ) AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES
C-l DETERMINATION OF Dt FROM THE C-2 DETERMINATION OF Dt FROM THE VALUE OF g VALUE OF G
C-l.1 Consider a solution containing 15 g of hydrochloric acid in 100 g of solution, that is,
C-2.1 The percentage composition g of a solu-
one for which g = 15. By looki 7g up the value tion is independent of its temperature, but G, the number of grams of hydrochloric acid in 1
of Dt corresponding to the value g = 15 under any particular temperature in Table 1 the density
litre of solution, varies with the temperature of
of the solution at that temperature can be the solution owing to the change in volume of
obtained. Thus, for example, the density of the solution with change in temperature. Hence,
the solution is I 076 kg/m8 at 10% and 1 072 the concentration G must always be associated with a particular temperature.
kg/m* at 20°C. For a given
value of G applicable at a particular tempera-
12
IS 12845 : 1989
ture, Table 1 can be used to obtain the density of the solution at the specified temperature or at any other temperature within the range of the table. The value of G for the solution at tem- peratures other than the specified one can also be obtained. For example, consider a solution containing 298 g of hydrochloric acid per litre at 20°C. Under 20°C in Table 1 the value of I& corresponding to G = 298 is 1 131 kg/ma and the corresponding value of g is 26’4. By tracing the value g = 26’4 through the Table 1, and interpolating where necessary, the density Dt at various temperatures of the solution containing ,298 g of hydrochloric acid in 1 litre of solution at 20°C can be obtained and also the number of grams of hydrochloric acid in 1 litre of the
solution at various temperatures. Examples of the values which may thus bs obtained are given in Table 7.
Table 7 Values of ‘G’ of a Solution at Different Temperatures
( Clause C-2 )
PC Grams (g) of Density (Ot) of Grams (G) of HCI in 100 g Solution of HCI in 1 Litre of Solution kg/m’ at PC! of Solutioa
at PC 0 264 1 142 302
10 26.4 300 z: 26.4 26.4 1 : ::‘t 126 298
40 26.4 1 120 it!
ANNEX D ( Clauses 3.7.and A-1.1.1 )
CHOICE OF HYDROMETERS
D-l INDIAN STANDARD HYDRO.VETERS ;:tXL;;E 1N CONJUNCTION WITH THE
D-l.1 Indian Standard specifications for density hydrometers IS 3104 ( Parts 1 and 2 ) : 1982 affords a wide choice of density hydrometers suitable for use in aqueous solution of hydro-
chloric acid. They may have scales of density at 27”C, 20°C and 15°C. The choice of the hydrometer series will depend on the accuracy required and the amount of solution available. Table 2 gives the essential features of the varjous series of hydrometers suitable for aqueous solutions.
13
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Dot : No. CDC 1 ( 9403 )
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