i i d il i l i f l d l i i i iIrrigation and Soil Moisture Analysis for Floodplain Riparian RestorationIrrigation and Soil Moisture Analysis for Floodplain Riparian RestorationIrrigation and Soil Moisture Analysis for Floodplain Riparian RestorationIrrigation and Soil Moisture Analysis for Floodplain Riparian Restorationg y p pG b M h R 1 B l Di 2 Mil k Mi h l A 3 d Li d H l d3Grabau Matthew R 1 Bangle Dianne2 Milczarek Michael A 3 and Lindsey Hovland3Grabau, Matthew R. , Bangle, Dianne ,Milczarek, Michael A.3, and Lindsey Hovland3Grabau, Matthew R. , angle, ianne ,Milc arek, Michael A. , and indsey Hovland

1G S t A l i I T A i USA tt@ l i 2US D t t f th I t i B f R l ti B ld Cit N d USA 3G S t A l i I T A i USA1GeoSystems Analysis Inc Tucson Arizona USA matt@gsanalysis com 2 US Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Boulder City Nevada USA 3GeoSystems Analysis Inc Tucson Arizona USAGeoSystems Analysis, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, USA, matt@gsanalysis.com, US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada, USA, GeoSystems Analysis, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, USA

Irrigation Monitoring ResultsIntrod ction Applications:Study Location Characteri ation and Monitoring Schematics Irrigation Monitoring ResultsIntroduction Applications:Study Location Characterization and Monitoring Schematics Irrigation Monitoring ResultsIntroduction Applications:Study Location Characterization and Monitoring Schematics

I i i M dM i iIrrigation Management and Monitoring:Re vegetation of disconnected floodplains is a common Four Levels: Irrigation Management and Monitoring:Re-vegetation of disconnected floodplains is a common Four Levels: Example Irrigation Monitoring Data: Check 4 July 26 2012 irrigation event I t l t dg p Example Irrigation Monitoring Data: Check 4, July 26, 2012 irrigation event.   InterpolatedScheduling:component of riparian restoration projects due to extensive Irrigation Monitoring Location: Irrigation Only Irrigation arrival and recession at station 1b 3a and 5a are shown

Interpolated Scheduling:component of riparian restoration projects due to extensive Irrigation Monitoring Location: Irrigation Only Irrigation arrival and recession at station 1b, 3a, and 5a are shown. Inundation

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300 1 Intelligent irrigation to satisfy vegetation demand or meet targetmanagement of river systems For example through Custom irrigation presence/absence sensor wired to single channel data logger Duration:300 1. Intelligent irrigation to satisfy vegetation demand or meet targetmanagement of river systems. For example, through Custom irrigation presence/absence sensor wired to single-channel data logger. Duration: soil moisture goals and/or inundation goals

g y gi l t ti f th L C l d Ri M lti i

g p g gg/ / / soil moisture goals and/or inundation goals.implementation of the Lower Colorado River Multi-species Level 1: Irrigation Surface Soil Moisture 8/11‐8/13/12250implementation of the Lower Colorado River Multi species Level 1: Irrigation, Surface Soil Moisture 8/11 8/13/12 250

2 Ensure that contractors are meeting irrigation schedulesConservation Program (MSCP) the Bureau ofg

irrigatione 2. Ensure that contractors are meeting irrigation schedules.Conservation Program (MSCP), the Bureau of Two irrigation sensors and two soil moisture (capacitance) probes installed in irrigation 200ns

i ib iConservation Program (MSCP), the Bureau of Two irrigation sensors and two soil moisture (capacitance) probes installed in g

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Distribution:Reclamation will create over 7 200 acres of riparian surface soil wired to five channel data logger event.o Distribution:Reclamation will create over 7,200 acres of riparian surface soil, wired to five-channel data logger. event.p

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150es St diIrrigation 1. Ensure that entire site is being irrigated.vegetation communities in the historic floodplain which Level 2: Irrigation Surface and Subsurface Soil Moisture150

Re Standing Irrigation  1. Ensure that entire site is being irrigated.vegetation communities in the historic floodplain, which Level 2: Irrigation, Surface and Subsurface Soil Moisture R gW tAririval 2 D t i i i ti ffi i

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g ,100r  WaterAririval 2. Determine irrigation efficiency.lies outside of flood control levees As a result irrigation One irrigation sensor one soil moisture sensor at surface 1’ 3’ and 6’ below 100or Water g ylies outside of flood control levees. As a result, irrigation One irrigation sensor, one soil moisture sensor at surface, 1 , 3 , and 6 below so

3 Provide reference data for irrigation model applications optimizeg

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ground surface wired to five channel data logger n No Standing 3. Provide reference data for irrigation model applications, optimizemust be provided to ensure vegetation success—irrigation ground surface wired to five-channel data logger. 50e No Standing  g pp , pfl t d fi ld di i

must be provided to ensure vegetation success irrigation ground surface wired to five channel data logger. 50Se 1b 3b 5bg

W t flow rates and field dimensions.provides water for transpiration and leaches salts from the Level 3: Irrigation Soil Moisture Soil Plant Water Dynamics n  1b 3b 5b Waterprovides water for transpiration and leaches salts from the Level 3: Irrigation, Soil Moisture, Soil Plant-Water Dynamics 0on

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S il i Q ifi iprovides water for transpiration and leaches salts from the g , , y 0io Soil Moisture Quantification:root zone Additionally irrigation enhances habitat quality Five irrigation sensors distributed across irrigation check one soil moisture sensor at

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Irrigation Soil Moisture Quantification:root zone. Additionally, irrigation enhances habitat quality Five irrigation sensors distributed across irrigation check, one soil moisture sensor ga Irrigation y, g q y g g ,t f 1’ 3’ d 6’ b l d f t i t t 3’ d 6’ b l ‐50ig Recession Spatial Analysis:for several target avian species by providing moist soils at surface, 1’, 3’, and 6’ below ground surface, one tensiometer at 3’ and 6’ below ‐50rr

i Recession Spatial Analysis:for several target avian species by providing moist soils at surface, 1 , 3 , and 6 below ground surface, one tensiometer at 3 and 6 below Irg p y p gd f t t t ti it ground surface one heat dissipation sensor at 1’ and 3’ below ground surface 100

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1 Monitor and quantify soil moisture at restoration sites for aand surface water at restoration sites ground surface, one heat dissipation sensor at 1 and 3 below ground surface. ‐100 1. Monitor and quantify soil moisture at restoration sites for aand surface water at restoration sites. g gWired to advanced data logger desired time horizon Example: Average July 2012 volumetricWired to advanced data logger. desired time horizon. Example: Average July 2012 volumetricWired to advanced data logger.

‐150water content (top) and minimum July 2012 volumetric waterIrrigation and soil moisture distribution monitoring has ‐150water content (top), and minimum July 2012 volumetric waterIrrigation and soil moisture distribution monitoring has ( p) y

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b id tifi d d f t ti it t content (bottom).been identified as a need for restoration site management ( )been identified as a need for restoration site management.gW i l t d il t j t t MSCP t tiWe implemented a pilot project at an MSCP restorationWe implemented a pilot project at an MSCP restorationsite to determine irrigation and soil moisture distributionsite to determine irrigation and soil moisture distributionsite to determine irrigation and soil moisture distribution

Surface Soil Moisture ResultsColoradoand plant available water Through this effort the Surface Soil Moisture ResultsColorado and plant-available water. Through this effort, the Surface Soil Moisture ResultsRiverp g , River

capabilities and applications of equipment are beingcapabilities and applications of equipment are beingp pp q p gl d d lt ill b d t id id 60analyzed and results will be used to provide program-wide 60 60analyzed, and results will be used to provide program-wide 60

Location 1 Location 2 60

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Location 1 Location 2 %recommendations for monitoring techniques , % , % 71 (48% S d)recommendations for monitoring techniques.50t, 50t, 71 (48% Sand)50nt 50n ( )

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nt 50 L1 (64% Sand)P l V d E l i l 40on 40on

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k d d j bj i Palo Verde Ecological 40o 40Co 21 L1 (77% S d)Background and Project Objectives Palo Verde Ecological  40C 40C 21 L1 (77% Sand)Left to Right: Custom irrigation sensor; Level 1 station; Level 3 stationBackground and Project Objectives Reserve r  r  _ ( )Left to Right: Custom irrigation sensor; Level 1 station; Level 3 station.g j j Reserve er e E d f I i ig g ; ;

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Lower Colorado River (LCR) Multi Species 20ic 

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Conservation Program (MSCP): m 10mConservation Program (MSCP):10um 10umg ( )10lu ol

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0supplement remaining riparian backwater and marsh 0 0supplement remaining riparian, backwater, and marsh ‐1 1 3 5 7 9

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habitats to assist in the recovery of listed species and D Si I i i

20habitats to assist in the recovery of listed species and D t Days Since Irrigation

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t dditi l li ti hil d ti t PVER2 Date Days Since Irrigation0’

prevent additional listings while accommodating water PVER2 DateC ti f il i t d l ti f ll i i i ti Obtain Reference Data:

prevent additional listings while accommodating water PVER2Surface soil moisture for June and July 2012 at Level 1 Station 45 Comparative surface soil moisture depletion following an irrigation Obtain Reference Data:diversions and power production Surface soil moisture  for June and July 2012 at Level 1 Station 45,  Comparative surface soil moisture depletion following an irrigation 

diversions and power production. with a 0 6’ composite sand fraction of 78% Peaks indicate irrigation event in July 2012 Sandy soils drain quickly after irrigation 1 Determine soil moisture and surface water abundance in knowndiversions and power production. with a 0‐6’ composite sand fraction of 78%.  Peaks indicate irrigation  event in July, 2012.  Sandy soils drain quickly after irrigation.   1. Determine soil moisture and surface water abundance in knownTh i t

p gf ll d b l d Thereafter soil moisture reduction is driven by evapotranspiration high quality avian habitats Three main components: events followed by soil drainage Thereafter, soil moisture reduction is driven by evapotranspiration. high‐quality avian habitats. Three main components: events followed by soil drainage. , y p p

Fi h A t ti1 Fish Augmentation1. Fish AugmentationM it i d R h Vegetation As B ilt 72 Acres2 Monitoring and Research

Soil Moisture Movement through Soil Profile Remaining Project ActivitiesVegetation As‐Built: 72 Acres2. Monitoring and ResearchSoil Moisture Movement through Soil Profile Remaining Project ActivitiesVegetation As Built: 72 Acres

C ti A D l t d M t Soil Moisture Movement through Soil Profile Remaining Project Activities3. Conservation Area Development and Management3. Conservation Area Development and ManagementC ti A Conservation Areas:

A I i ti M t Conservation Areas:

Assess Irrigation Management:C t t d i il di t d fl d l i 50 Assess Irrigation Management: Constructed primarily on disconnected floodplains 50 50

1 Wh t i th t i i ti ffi i d f h ? Constructed primarily on disconnected floodplains 50

Dense irrigation monitoring grid to provide high resolution in two different soil classes 1. What is the current irrigation efficiency and surface roughness?(converted agricultural lands or cleared non native % %

Dense irrigation monitoring grid to provide high‐resolution in two different soil classes.   1. What is the current irrigation efficiency and surface roughness?(converted agricultural lands or cleared non-native % %

g g g p gd d f fl 2 How would alternate field length or flow rate affect efficiency?

( gt ti ) , % , %Arrows indicate direction of irrigation flow 2. How would alternate field length or flow rate affect efficiency?vegetation). 40nt

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40t,Arrows indicate direction of irrigation flow. g yvegetation). 40en 40nt

Analyze Monitoring Station DensityIrrigation required to support vegetation provide moist te e Analyze Monitoring Station Density: Irrigation required to support vegetation, provide moist nt nte y g y Irrigation required to support vegetation, provide moist

il d i i bl il li i on on What monitoring density is required to achieve goal MSCP resolution?soils and maintain acceptable soil salinity Co Co What monitoring density is required to achieve goal MSCP resolution?soils, and maintain acceptable soil salinity. 30C 30C g y q g30

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Summarize Soil Moisture Results: Monitoring desired to: te e Summarize Soil Moisture Results: Monitoring desired to: at ateg

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1 What were soil moisture conditions during the 2013 yellow billed Determine irrigation volume and distribution 20W W 1. What were soil moisture conditions during the 2013 yellow‐billed Determine irrigation volume and distribution. 20c W

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k ti ?g 20ic 20ic cuckoo nesting season? Quantify soil moisture tr ri cuckoo nesting season? Quantify soil moisture. et et

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2. What was soil matric potential during the growing season (whatPilot Project Objectives: 10m m p g g g (l l f i i d)?Pilot Project Objectives: 10u 10um level of vegetation stress was experienced)?Pilot Project Objectives:

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olu level of vegetation stress was experienced)?

D i il i bili P l V d Vo Vo E l t t i ti d d d il i t t d Determine soil texture variability at Palo Verde V V Evaluate evapotranspirative demand and soil moisture trends. Determine soil texture variability at Palo Verde V Evaluate evapotranspirative demand and soil moisture trends.yE l i l R (PVER) Ph 2 (PVER2) t 6’ 0 0 1 C il i t b di t d b f ET d d iEcological Reserve (PVER) Phase 2 (PVER2) up to 6’ 0 0 1. Can soil moisture be predicted by reference ET and days sinceEcological Reserve (PVER) Phase 2 (PVER2) up to 6 ‐2 ‐1 0 1 2 3 4 1. Can soil moisture be predicted by reference ET and days sinceb l d f

‐2 ‐1 0 1 2 3 4 ‐2 ‐1 0 1 2 3 4irrigation?below ground surface D Si I i i

2 1 0 1 2 3 4irrigation?below ground surface. Days Since Irrigation Days Since Irrigation

2 Wh h ff f i i i d d i ?M it i i ti li ti f d tiDays Since Irrigation Days Since Irrigation

2. What are the effects of vegetation composition and density? Monitor irrigation application: frequency duration 0" 2" 1' 3' 6' Irrigation Start Irrigation Stopy g

2. What are the effects of vegetation composition and density? Monitor irrigation application: frequency, duration, 0"‐2" 1' 3' 6' Irrigation Start Irrigation Stop" " ' ' '

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g g p0"‐2" 1' 3' 6' Irrigation Start Irrigation Stopdistribution 0 2 1 3 6 Irrigation Start Irrigation Stopdistribution.

AcknowledgementsS f (0” 2” b l d f ) d b f il i t S f (0” 2” b l d f ) d b f il i t Acknowledgements Analyze abundance and distribution of soil moisture Surface (0”‐2” below ground surface) and subsurface soil moisture Surface (0”‐2” below ground surface) and subsurface soil moisture Acknowledgements Analyze abundance and distribution of soil moisture. Surface (0 2  below ground surface)  and subsurface soil moisture   Surface (0 2  below ground surface)  and subsurface soil moisture  yfollowing a July 2012 irrigation event at Level 2 Station 47 with a 0‐ following a July 2012 irrigation event at Level 2 Station 53 with a 0‐

Evaluate sensor applications and data collectionfollowing a July 2012  irrigation  event at Level 2 Station 47, with a 0‐ following a July 2012  irrigation  event at Level 2 Station 53, with a 0‐

Evaluate sensor applications and data collection 6’ composite sand fraction of 80% Following irrigation onset water 6’ composite sand fraction of 54% Little percolation is observed We thank the Bureau of Reclamation Lower Colorado Regional office and Evaluate sensor applications and data collection 6’ composite sand fraction of 80%.  Following irrigation onset, water  6’ composite sand fraction of 54%.  Little percolation is observed.  We thank the Bureau of Reclamation Lower Colorado Regional office and

methodsp g g ,

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the LCR MSCP for their support and funding of these efforts Thanks to themethods. quickly percolates through the soil profile. Drainage occurs rapidly the LCR MSCP for their support and funding of these efforts. Thanks to thequickly percolates through the soil profile.  Drainage  occurs rapidly California Department of Fish and Game for access to Palo VerdeD l l t l l it i after irrigation ceases California Department of Fish and Game for access to Palo Verde Develop long-term large-scale monitoring after irrigation ceases.Level 1 (blue) Level 2 (black) and Level 3 (red) grid to monitor across the site in variable pE l i l R

Develop long term, large scale monitoring gLevel 1 (blue), Level 2 (black), and Level 3 (red) grid to monitor across the site in variable Ecological Reserve.recommendations for the MSCP vegetation species and density and the range of observed soil classes grecommendations for the MSCP. vegetation species and density and the range of observed soil classes.recommendations for the MSCP. g p y g