Location of a second distal canal in the mandibular first
molar.
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The MB canal orifice typically exists directly beneath the MB
cusp tip, whereas the ML orifice is typically more centered on the
occlusal table.
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MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR
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C-shaped canals
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MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR
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MAXILLARYMANDIBULAR INCISORS Ovoid or rounded triangular shape
Ovoid, 41.4 % have 2 canals CUSPIDS / CANINES Ovoid preparation
PREMOLARS Ovoid directed through middle of occlusal surface
Slightly round to oval extends towards buccal MOLARS Trapezoidal
form that connects MB, DB and P. 85-95 % MB 2 canals 85-95 % MB 2
canals Triangular form, if 2 D canals present then Trapezoidal
form
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Distance from the cusp tip to pulp chamber ceiling height is
approx : 6.0mm Distance from pulpal floor to the furcation is
approx : 3.0mm Average height of pulp chamber is : 1.5 -2.0mm The
pulp chamber ceiling was found at the level of the cementoenamel
junction in 97% - 98% of the maxillary and mandibular molars
MORPHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF ANATOMIC LANDMARKS IN MAXILLARY AND
MANDIBULAR MOLARS
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Straight-line access should be established using Gates-Glidden
burs sizes 2-3 (and 4 in large canals). These instruments are only
intended for the coronal one third of the canal. They should be
applied with light sweeping motions about 3-5 times in and out of
the canal.
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This is sodium hypochlorite in a concentration of either 5.25
or 2.5%. It acts as a medium to dissolve and flush organic debris
and bacterial products out of the root canal system, as well as
functioning as a lubricant and antibacterial agent. Irrigation
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RC Prep contains 10% Urea peroxide, 15% EDTA (Ethyl di tetra
acetic acid) a chelating agent. When combined with sodium
hypochlorite, a chemical reaction takes place between the urea
peroxide and the sodium hypochlorite, to release nascent oxygen in
a bubbling action which aids in flushing debris out of the root
canal system. It is important that the root canal system is
irrigated after the use of each file size !
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STANDARDIZATION OF ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS
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16 mm D1 D16
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The use of irrigating solutions is an important part of
effective chemomechanical preparation. Antibacterial agent. Tissue
solvent. Flush debris. Lubricant. Eliminate the smear layer.
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Concentration of NaOCl. Berber et al. (2006)
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The ability of an irrigant to be distributed to the apical
portion of a canal is dependent on: Canal anatomy Size of
instrumentation Delivery system Baumgartner & Cuenin
(1992)