Irrational Antibiotic Use among Secondary School Teachers and University Faculty Members in Shiraz, Iran.doc

7/23/2019 Irrational Antibiotic Use among Secondary School Teachers and University Faculty Members in Shiraz, Iran.doc

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nt J Prev Med. Dec 2012; 3(12): 839845.

PMCID: PMC3530301

Irrational Antibiotic Use among Secondary

School Teachers and University FacultyMembers in Shiraz, Iran

Mehrdad A!ar"anand#a$%eh Mahar&'"e1

Deart%ent '* C'%%n"t+ Med"c"ne, Med"c"na& and #atra& Che%"tr+ -eearch Center, h"ra/n"ver"t+ '* Med"ca& c"ence, h"ra/, Iran1ea&th P'&"c+ -eearch Center, h"ra/ n"ver"t+ '* Med"ca& c"ence, h"ra/, Iran

Correspondence to:Pr'*. Mehrdad A!ar"an, Pr'*e'r '* C'%%n"t+ Med"c"ne, h"ra/

n"ver"t+ '* Med"ca& c"ence, P. . ': 1345613, h"ra/, Iran. 76%a"&:

r".ca.%%a"ra!a-ece"ved Ma+ 21, 2011; Acceted ct'er 4, 2011.

C'+r"ht: Internat"'na& J'rna& '* Prevent"ve Med"c"neet"'nna"re that aeed the"r !n'=&ede, att"tde, and ract"ce reard"n the e '*

ant""'t"c and e&*6%ed"cat"'n.


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the"r ae ract"ce. In 'th the r', a =ea! d"rect &"near re&at"'nh" =a detected et=een

att"tde and ract"ce (rB0.243, rB0.238,P0.01) and a =ea! "nvere &"near re&at"'nh" =a een

et=een !n'=&ede and ract"ce (PB0.22) "n the h"h ch''& teacher r'.

Conclusions:

r re&t h'=ed that e&*6%ed"cat"'n and the "rrat"'na& e '* ant""'t"c =ere c'%%'n

a%'n h"h&+ edcated e'&e "n a c'%%n"t+ '&at"'n a%&e "n h"ra/, Iran. ence '* e&*6%ed"cat"'n.21E

rve+ have h'=n that att"tde t'=ard ant""'t"c d"**er a%'n c'ntr"e de t' var"at"'n "n

c&tre, ha"t, edcat"'n, and hea&th care 'ran"/at"'n.2E Acc'rd"n t' 'r &"teratre rev"e=, n'

rve+ t' date ha addreed the !n'=&ede, att"tde, and ract"ce t'=ard ant""'t"c e&*6%ed"cat"'n "n Iran"an h"h&+6edcated teach"n r'*e"'na&; ' =e de"ned the reent td+

t' "nvet"ate the re&at"'nh" et=een %ent"'ned *act'r "n a c'%%n"t+ a%&e '* th" trat%.

M'T(&S

&esign and setting

et"'nna"re.


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*ac&t+ %e%er at three n"ver"t"e *'r c"ence, *"ne art, and %ed"ca& c"ence, and 320

ec'ndar+ ch''& teacher, *r'% a t'ta& '* 2000, e&ected + rand'% c&ter a%&"n. @e ed

d"**erent a%&"n %eth'd ecae *ac&t+ %e%er ='r!ed at 'n&+ three &'cat"'n and"nterv"e="n the% =a tra"ht*'r=ard, =herea h"h ch''& teacher ='r!ed at center

d"e%"nated ="de&+ acr' the c"t+ =h"ch %ade *ace6t'6*ace c'ntact t"%e6c'n%"n "n a

="deread d"tr"t"'n.

&ata collection

Data =ere c'&&ected ="th a >et"'nna"re de"ned + the *"rt ath'r (MA). C'ntent va&"d"t+ =a

ver"*"ed + t=' c'%%n"t+ %ed"c"ne ec"a&"t. et"'n "n th" art, %"n"%% and %a"%% c're *'r the ract"ce art

=ere 0 and 1F (the h"her the c're, the h"her the rate '* e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c). et"'n "n the ract"ce art =a ed t' deter%"ne =hethere&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c had 'ccrred ="th"n the rev"' +ear.

Statistical analysis


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ent"re a%&e, 249 (5F.3) '* the re'ndent =ere %en. M't art"c"ant "n the *ac&t+ r'

=ere %en (104 "nd"v"da&, 8.4), t "n the teacher r' ='%en red'%"nated (1F4

"nd"v"da&, 53.2). Mean ae (LD) =a 40.2 (LF.48) +ear a%'n teacher and 45.93 (L9.08)+ear a%'n the *ac&t+ %e%er. ther de%'rah"c data are d"&a+ed "n et *'ra ec"*"c ant""'t"c (59, 30.F) ence '* e&*6

%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c, a&th'h th" d"**erence %a+ n't have een c&"n"ca&&+ "n"*"cant. In

da"&+ &"*e, h'=ever (".e., "n acta& ract"ce), the "rrat"'na& e '* ant""'t"c =a %'re c'%%'n

a%'n teacher (%ed"an; 3 v. 2) ence '* ad%"n"trat"n

ant"%"cr'"a& aent ="th't a recr"t"'n. In the att"tde art, 190 't '* 308 teacher (F1.F)and 80 't '* 134 (59) *ac&t+ %e%er =h' re'nded 'ta"ned an acceta&e c're (".e., 15)

"n att"tde t'=ard the "rrat"'na& e '* ant""'t"c. In the teacher r', =e *'nd a =ea! "nvere

c'rre&at"'n et=een !n'=&ede and ract"ce (rB0.218). A =ea! d"rect c'rre&at"'n et=eenatt"tde and ract"ce =a *'nd "n 'th teacher (rB0.343) and *ac&t+ %e%er (rB0.238).

&ISCUSSI%

e&ect"n an ar'r"ate ant""'t"c " the %a"n c'ncern "n %'dern %ed"c"ne and " tr'n&+

deendent 'n the c'rrect d"an'" '* the d"eae and ade>ate !n'=&ede '* ant"%"cr'"a&"e.1E "n ant""'t"c ="th't c'n"der"n thee *act'r " the %a"n cae '* the e%erence

'* re"tant %"cr''ran"%, a hen'%en'n that c'ntr"te t' ece"ve c't "n hea&th erv"ce.

1,FE n*'rtnate&+, de"te ant"%"cr'"a& '&"c"e =h"ch retr"ct the ava"&a"&"t+ '* ant"%"cr'"a&aent, e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c " t"&& h"h&+ reva&ent.2,5,22E
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Pr"'r t' an+ "ntervent"'n *'r r'%'t"n rat"'na& ant""'t"c ad%"n"trat"'n, "t " necear+ t'

deter%"ne the reva&ence '* e&*6%ed"cat"'n and the *act'r that c'ntr"te t' th" ract"ce.

ecae thee "e are ec"*"c *'r each c'ntr+, et"%at"n the %an"tde '* the r'&e% ="thde reard *'r &'ca&&+ "%'rtant *act'r ee% necear+. In th" td+, =e ea%"ned a a%&e '*

h"h ch''& teacher and n"ver"t+ *ac&t+ %e%er %a"n&+ ecae =e had n' data *'r thee

r' and a&' ecae the+ are rereentat"ve '* the edcated ect'r '* Iran"an 'c"et+. @eh+'the"/ed that the"r !n'=&ede, att"tde, and ract"ce c're ='&d e h"her than "n 'ther

t+e '* '&at"'n6aed a%&e. vera&&, the rate '* e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c dr"n

the reced"n +ear "n 'r a%&e =a 43. (4.1 a%'n teacher and 35.8 a%'n *ac&t+).ence '* "rrat"'na&

ant""'t"c e and ear ="tne t' the 't"%a& e**ect"vene '* re&at"'n *'r ant""'t"c

acce""&"t+. ate !n'=&ede '*
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and an ar'r"ate att"tde t'=ard the c'ne>ence. A%'n 'r art"c"ant, etter !n'=&ede

d"d n't re&t "n etter att"tde and ract"ce, "n c'ntrat t' the *"nd"n '* ear&"er td"e.23,33E

r rve+ had '%e &"%"tat"'n t+"ca& '* '&at"'n6aed >et"'nna"re rve+. ne ch&"%"tat"'n =a the re&"ance 'n e&*6re'rted rather than 'erved ant""'t"c e. @e ed a cr'6

ect"'na& %eth'd "n v"e= '* the aence '* data 'n !n'=&ede, att"tde, and ract"ce reard"ne&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c "n Iran. Nrther reearch aed 'n a r'ect"ve 'ervat"'na&

de"n h'&d he& t' 'verc'%e th" &"%"tat"'n. M're'ver, 'r a%&e =a c'n*"ned t' h"hch''& teacher and *ac&t+ %e%er =h' are n't rereentat"ve '* the ent"re Iran"an '&at"'n.


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4. r''! QN, te& J, M're A. 22nd ed. #e= 'r!: McQra=6"&&; 2001. Med"ca&

M"cr'"'&'+.

5. Aaaeed A, H&ce! J, Ae&!ha"r M, Oena A. e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c + thec'%%n"t+ '* A Dha" 7%"rate, n"ted Ara 7%"rate. J In*ect Dev Ctr"e. 2009;3:491.

PMed: 19F29FFE

F. Ma"n' AQ, D"a/ HA, Carne%'&&a M. Nact'r a**ect"n Gat"n' ad&t e '* ant""'t"c *'re&*6%ed"cat"'n. J A% 'ard Na% Med. 2008;21:12834. PMed: 183438F0E

. !e AC, 7r%ertcan , ''r6G"%'nc M, C"ce!&"'&% M, 7ren . -at"'na& ant""'t"c e

and acade%"c ta**. Int J Ant"%"cr' Aent. 2003;21:F3F. PMed: 1250839E8. Qr"'r+an G, rerh'* JQ, aa"$er6-!a% NM, Deener J7, Decheer -, M'nnet DG, et

a&. I e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c "n 7r'e dr"ven + recr"ed e J Ant"%"cr'

Che%'ther. 200;59:152F. PMed: 1124192E

9. Q"de&"ne *'r the re&at'r+ ae%ent '* %ed"c"na& r'dct *'r e "n e&*.%ed"cat"'n.@'r&d ea&th 'ran"/at"'n. 2000. &at c"ted 'n 2011 ct 04E. @S7DMSTMS00.1.

d'=n&'aded 14.3.2011. Ava"&a&e *r'%: htt:SSa.=h'."ntS%ed"c"ned'cSd*S2218eS2218e.d*

.

10. G"& J, @an P. e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c: A '"&e cae '* acter"a& re"tance.Med +'thee. 2005;F5:10001. PMed: 1F002231E

11. Qr"'r+an G, rerh'* JQ, Deener J7, Decheer -, Gnd'r C, M'nnet DG, et a&.Deter%"nant '* e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c "n 7r'e:


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21.


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D"tr"t"'n '* de%'rah"c character"t"c "n the td+ '&at"'n

Table .


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-ea'n *'r e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c

Table /

Nre>enc"e '* c'%%'n cae *'r "n ant""'t"c


11/11

Table 0

On'=&ede, att"tde and ract"ce "n the "rrat"'na& e '* ant""'t"c

Documents

Irrational Antibiotic Use among Secondary School Teachers and University Faculty Members in Shiraz, Iran.doc