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Control of Metal Oxide Fouling in Reverse Osmosis E. You*, G. Wetterau*, M. Burbano*, and L. McGovern** * CDM, 523 West 6 th  Street, Suite 400, Los Angeles, CA 90014 (E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]) ** City of Camarillo, 601 Carmen Drive, Camarillo, CA 93010 (E-mail: [email protected]) Abstract High levels of iron and manganese, along with large quantities of dissolved gases in the wells created concern for the viability of a conventional desalination design for the proposed City of Camarillo groundwater desalination faci lity. To identify viable p re-treatment process(es) for the control of metal oxide fouling in reverse osmosis, a 12-month pilot study was undertaken . The  pilot study tested several pre-treatment alternatives, one of which was chlorine dioxide and filtration using dual media filters to remove both iron and manganese oxides. The results of the pilot-scale testing indicated that chlorine dioxi de and filtration using dual media filters is an effective pre-treatment process for preventing metal oxide fouling in reverse osmosis.  Nearly 100% of iron and approximately 70% of manganese in the well water was oxidized and removed during the pre-treatment stages, and the remaining 30% of manganese did not appear to cause fouling of the reverse osmosis membranes. Chlorine resistant membranes were also tested along with standard brackish water membranes, during the pilot study. The test results indicated that standard brackish water membranes experienced damage from either the chlorine dioxide or low levels of impuritie s within the chlorine dioxi de. No damage was seen, however, for the chlorine resistant membranes. Keywords Chlorine Dioxide; Fouling; Iron; Manganese; Metal oxide; Reverse Osmosis INTRODUCTION The city of Camarillo, CA, has been experiencing deteriorating water quality in some of their wells with increasing levels of iron, manganese, sulfates, and chlorides, which limit the City’s ability to utilize their existing well supp lies and increase their reliance on imported water supplies. Table 1 summarizes the historic water quality of the City’s Well A. Table 1: Historic Water Quality of Well A Parameter Unit Average Value Iron mg/L 1.00 Manganese mg/L 0.19 Sulfate mg/L 851 Chloride mg/L 172 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 1773  Note: Average of water quality data from 8/3/1998, 6/3/2003, 5/2 1/2004, and 1/31/2007. To further complicate the problem, the City’s wastewater outfall is coming under control of total maximum daily load (TMDL) limits for chloride, total dissolved solids (TDS), and sulfate, essentially limiting the average concentrations in their well supplies to levels well below secondary maximum contaminant levels. While it was clear to the City that reverse osmosis (RO) would be required to comply with TDS

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