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IRFAN AHMED MEMON
A HYPOTHETICAL REVIEW ON SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION APPROACHES: THE ROLE OF PARK-AND-RIDE SERVICE TO ENCOURAGE MODAL SHIFT TOWARDS PUBLIC TRANSPORT
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Why Park-and-Ride
• Park-and-Ride Success in Developed World
• Park-and-Ride Success Study of U.K.
• Park-and-Ride Success in Singapore
• Park-and-Ride Success in Canada
• Conclusion
• References
INTRODUCTION
WHY PARK-AND-RIDE
Park-and-Ride Success in Developed World
Fairfax (Washington D.C.), St Louis in U.S. and Oxford in U.K., Vancouver in Canada, Singapore and many other cities have proved successful (Qin, et al., 2013).
Figure 1: The improvement in reduction in Traffic, air quality, economic growth, improve accessibility and other factors in areas of U.K. (CPRE 1998)
Success Story of Singapore
Table 3: Sales of park-and-ride tickets from August 1990 to October 1996
The entire number of P&RS sets sold in 1996 was 6864 (Pharoah, 1992).
users in 1996 found that cost saving were a major reason for participating in the service (Seik, 1997).
Sales Period Average monthly sets soldAugust 1990 - June 1991
15
July 1991 - May 1992
16
June 1992 - September 1993
29
October 1993 - June 1994
192
July 1994 - March 1995
275
April 1995 - December 1995
353
January 1996 – October 1996*
572
Success Story of Canada
P&RS is measured to be one of the most cost-effective transportation demand management (TDM) strategies in Canada cities (Morrall and Bolger 1997).
Table 4: Inventory of all park-and-ride facilities in Canadian cities (1995)
Transit System Capacity
(Number of
Parking Stalls)
Maximum Number of Vehicles
on an average Weekday
Percentage
Usage
Urban transit 32,457 24,015 74%
Commuter rail
and Bus
36,542 26,405 72%
All Systems 68,999 50,420 73%
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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•BOLGER, D. & MORRALL, J. 1995. Planning park-and-ride facilities in Canada. Plan Canada Journal, 35, 09-14.
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•MORALL, J., BOLGER, D. & COLQUHOUN, D. 1994. FUEL SAVINGS AND EMISSION REDUCTIONS ATTRIBUTED TO A PARK-AND-RIDE FACILITY. Environment. Changing Our Transportation Priorities. Resource Papers for the 1994 ITE International Conference. LaJolla, california: Institute of Transportation Engineers.
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•MORRALL, J. & BOLGER, D. Year. Park-and-Ride: Canada's Most Effective TDM Strategy In: Cost effectiveness through innovation: proceedings of the 1996 TAC annual conference, OCTOBER 6-9 1997 CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, Canada.
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•QIN, H., GUAN, H. & WU, Y.-J. 2013. Analysis of park-and-ride decision behavior based on Decision Field Theory. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 18, 199-212.
•SEIK, F. T. 1997. Experiences from Singapore's park-and-ride scheme (1975–1996). Habitat International, 21, 427-443.
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