Upload
ally
View
39
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Iraqi Youth and Arab Spring. Towards Integrating Youth Issues in the NHDR- Iraq. Message number zero Before I start. Business as usual,,,,,, youth are absent. UN Contribution at Global Level. 1985 : 1 st International Youth Year International Youth Day : 12 th August - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
1
Iraqi Youth and Arab
Spring
Towards Integrating Youth Issues in the NHDR- Iraq
Message number zeroBefore I start
Business as usual,,,,,, youth are absent
UN Contribution at Global Level
1985 : 1st International Youth YearInternational Youth Day : 12th August
1994 : Int. Conf. Pop. & Development (Cairo)
“6.13 Countries should aim to meet needs & aspirations of youth, particularly in areas of formal & non formal education, training, employment opportunities, housing & health, thereby ensuring their integration & participation in all spheres of society, including political process & leadership roles”
ICPD Programme of Action 1994
3
UN Contribution at Global Level
1998 : International Youth Conference, Lisbon“ A Society that cuts itself from its youth severs its lifetime. It is
condemned to bleed to death “ Kofi Annan, Secretary general
2000 : “World Programme of Action for Youth” : Covering 15 Priority areas
“Education, Employment, Hunger/Poverty, Health, Environment, Drug abuse, Juvenile delinquency, Leisure, Girls & young women, Participation, Globalization, ICT, HIV/AIDS, Youth and conflict, Intergenerational relations”
4
UN Contribution at Global Level 2010 : International Youth Year
“ Dialogue & Mutual Understanding ”
2011 : “High Level Meeting of G.A. on Youth” “ Failing to invest in our Youth is a False Economy. …… When
Youth lack opportunity, they are more easily led to crime and violence, to drugs and risky sex, and the slippery slope to the bottom of social scale……” S.G. Ban Ki-Moon
Participants: - 4 Heads of States - 40 Youth Ministers - Several Heads of UN agencies
5
Outcomes of 2011 HLM on Youth
Unemployment: Youth are most Dynamic & Innovative segments of populationYouth are Key Human Resource & Demographic Bonus
Youth Participation:Youth Engagement is easier at Local level than at State LevelRole of Youth-led associations to develop a “ Critical Space”
for Democracy & Peace at Grass root levelAdolescent Girls & Young Women : Gender stereotypes that
perpetuate discrimination 6
Arab Spring Youth & Reshaping History
Arab Spring : 11 months of Youth movements
“ Great Revolutions cannot be made. ….
They erupt, like Volcanoes, a top of mounting force of huge and long suppressed social & political contradictions”.
Mustafa Barghouti, Al-Ahram news
8
Youth – led Arab Spring : Underlying causes Failure of Developmental Programmes “System of Governance” at odds with Democratic
Transformation Weak mechanisms for “Civic participation” and
“Political Representation” Unfulfilled universal “ Aspiration” for “Freedom” High Unemployment among educated youth Conflicts and Emergencies Conflict between “Traditionalism” & “Modernism”
9Iraq UNCT Retreat - November 2011
Arab Spring: Youth Tidal WaveFrom Tunis ……..
- Demographic transition : Large Youth population- “Dignity” Revolution : Personal & national degradation- Loss of Fear : challenging concept of “Power”
…….. To Egypt ……….. - Urban, Middle-Class youth ignited the uprising flame- Escaping conservative environment- With ability to express desire & win support of majority- Participate in building new & Oppression-free Society
10
Arab Spring : Factors of Change
- Breaking the Silence : - Youth no Longer afraid
- Actors of Change: - Youth taking charge of their present & Shaping their Future
- Demanding Political Reform :- Youth putting pressure on political structures to change
- Protecting their Nation :- Youth preserving national Treasures & Institutions
11
12
Iraqi Youth Human Rights
and ChallengesIraqi Youth in Figures
(National Youth Survey)
العراق في العمرية الفئات حسب السكان 2006توزيع
*" فتيا مجتمعا" مازال العراق
على مقبل العراقي المجتمعالديمغرافية الهبة
على مقبل العراقي المجتمعالديمغرافية الهبة
Youth & Education (15 – 30 yrs)
5yrs or less : 29%6th grade (Certificate) 33%9th grade 20%12th grade 10%
16
Investing In Youth
1ry Education 2ry EducationStudents 4,151,000 1,492,000Schools 12,141 4,109
62 % has 6th Grade or Less !!82 % has 9th Grade or less !!
What Employment opportunities ??
Youth & Education (15 – 30 yrs)
Youth who Reads 10 – 14 yrs 14 % 15 – 24 yrs 23 % 25 – 30 yrs 26 %
17
Cause of Drop Out10-14yrs 15-24yrs
Youth Unwilling to continue 36% 30%Parents refusal 22% 15%
Financial reasons 12% 17%
Value of Education
Youth & Work
Working Youth Male female- 10 - 14yrs: 6.5 % 9 % 3%- 15 - 24yrs: 24 % 39 % 6%- 25 – 30yrs: 46 % 76 % 14%
-Support “Early Employment” :- 10 - 14yrs: 49 %- 15 - 24yrs: 32 %- 25 – 30yrs: 46 %
-Youth who want to migrate 16 %
18
Gender Disparity
Youth Participation- Participate in Social activities:
- 10 - 14yrs: 23%- 15 - 24yrs: 28%- 25 – 30yrs: 30%
- Chance to discuss their opinion:- 10 - 14yrs: 4%- 15 - 24yrs: 6%- 25 – 30yrs: 8%
- Participation in election (above 18yrs)- Male 76 % female 64 %
19
Low Social Participation
Youth & Gender Equity
Male Female-Women’s right to work: 51 % 93 %
-Women need approvalof caretaker to work: 92 % 92 %
-Husband can beat his Wife 50 % 26 %
20
Youth mental Health- Sense of happiness / Optimistism:
- 10 - 14yrs: 73 % Male : 55%- 15 - 24yrs: 53 % Female: 62 %- 25 – 30yrs: 51 %
- Sense of Security:- 10 - 14yrs: 67 %- 15 - 24yrs: 59 %- 25 – 30yrs: 55 %
- Support “Use of force” to solve problems:- 10 - 14yrs: 28 %- 15 - 24yrs: 37 %- 25 – 30yrs: 41 %
21
Growing Unhappy, unsecure & Violent
Iraq UNCT Retreat - November 2011
Youth & Health
Male Female- Smoking 71 % 31 %- Alcohol 14 % 1.5 %- Practice Sports 22 % 2.0 %
- Attitude to PLWHA YES No- Should be isolated 84 % 16%- Share on meal 10% 90%- Shake hands 17% 83%
22
23
Government and UN response
to youth Aspirations
Priorities
Youth
Water
Government EffortsSeveral stand-alone sectoral initiatives & programmes :Lack of intersectoral coordination or linkageSome initiatives are targeted to youth, majority are for all population groups, including youthFew are Gender-sensitive : Young women benefits?? Government has no clear vision for Iraqi Youth
Classical approach : “What the Nation wants for Youth?”
Ministry of Youth & Sport: some coordination capacity, more focus on Sport/Culture
25
26
UN Efforts Some Youth-targeted projects Youth included in several programmes, but not specifically
targeting them; - Girls & Young Women concerns & Vulnerabilities ??
Few UN joint programme with some inter-linkage Some quick impact /short span initiatives Limited involvement of Youth (Design/implement/ evaluate) No Coordination structure:
…… “Youth” is “ Cross Cutting issues” !!! UNDAF (2011-14) : Women & Youth at Outcome 5
27
28
Investing in Youth
As Community Assets /Agents for Change
a Human Rights approach
…….. HR ( Freedom, Dignity, Equity )Political Rights:
Freedom of expression & right to be listened, Consulted in Decision Making
Economic Rights : Equal chance for employment and decent work Livelihoods & Employability
Social Rights: Health, Education, ….. but also Self-Development (self-esteem, empowerment, ……) Social participation / Entrepreneurship Gender Equity / combating Gender Based Violence
29
What do Youth want ?
Multi-dimensional : Addressing ALL rights (Civic, Social & Economic)
Comprehensive : Different levels of interventions (Skills, Participation & Services)
Simultaneously & Interlinked implementation: In Time & Place with Referral mechanism between interventions
Youth Active Involvement: “With Youth TO Youth”
Addressing Young Girls’ Exclusion & Vulnerability
30
Programming Principles
Iraq UNCT Retreat - November 2011
31
Education & Skills
Comprehensive & Interlinked
National Youth Policy
Adequate Data
Interlinked Gender-sensitive
Youth Focused
Empowerment & Participation
Services & Counseling
Enabling Environment
Ideas for HR-Based Multisectoral Youth Programming and reporting
32
Political Rights Social Rights Economic Rights
Educate (Skills)
Life skills on Civic Values
Life Skills on Health & Social Values
(incl. Gender Equity & Girls Empowerment)
Market – oriented Vocational skills
Employability Life Skills
Empower (participation mechanisms)
Youth participation mechanisms
Youth participation opportunities
(Social Entrepreneurship) (Youth Associations)
Information on opportunities (Employment,
Grants, Credits, Internships, and
apprenticeships , …..)
Serve (Services & Counseling)
Youth-led Associations Youth Friendly Health services
Career /Business Counseling
Youth / Students led School clubs & centers
Psycho-social Counseling Credit Counseling
Youth-to-Youth Counseling Credit / Grant Services
33
How & What do UN need to deliver Comprehensive & interlinked Youth Programme ??
Gap is still exist between youth aspiration and governments deliveryHDR theme on youth is timely Need to address Youth reporting comprehensively, multi sectoral, integrated, muli-level, participatory interventionHR based approach is appropriate Thematic studies are still needed to prepare NHDRAddress vulnerable youth groups Writing up NHDR within its national-sub-national-regional- international context is recommendedYouth participation is NEEDED
Conclusion
35