IRAP, RSA and METRA:IRAP, RSA and METRA:The Malaysian way to The Malaysian way to

Ensure Safer Road Ensure Safer Road InfrastructureInfrastructure

Prof. Dr. Ahmad Farhan Mohd SadullahMalaysian Institute of Road Safety

Research (MIROS)Malaysia

CONTENTSCONTENTSEnsuring safer road infrastructureThe dimensions

Preventive vs curePlanned vs adhoc vs ignore/neglect

Pre-requisite – design and constructionRoad Safety Audit (RSA)

Operation and sustainabilityRoad Assessment Programme (IRAP)Auditing operating facilities (METRA)

ROAD INFRASTRUCTUE ROAD INFRASTRUCTUE RELATED RISKSRELATED RISKS

Poor road side protectionBarrier issues

Poor road designCurveElevationRoad cross section

Poor access managementWork/construction zone safetyPoor pavement managementPoor traffic managementPoor road hierarchy discipline/land use issues

Ending Point of the Ending Point of the Damage BridgeDamage Bridge

Damage of the Bridge Damage of the Bridge Barrier (during the crash)Barrier (during the crash)

Source: China Press

1st row of bridge barrier

2nd row of bridge barrier

• 1st and 2nd row of bridge barrier penetrate into the bus

Overall CrashOverall Crash DynamicsDynamics

Bus entry – Principle direction of force: 12 Bus entry – Principle direction of force: 12 o’clocko’clock

The bus tried to correct the maneuverThe bus tried to correct the maneuver

1st Impact with Barrier

The Rail Intruded

Rail Intruded Diagonally

Rail Swipes the Lower Occupants

1

2

3

4

The right tires on top of the median The right tires on top of the median curb after the 2curb after the 2ndnd impact impact

The rest position of the busThe rest position of the bus

Hit the Median Come to a Rest

5

6

7

8

The Rail Bended Skim the Median

Bus NearsideBus Nearside From the RearFrom the Rear

Internal ViewInternal View Bus OffsideBus Offside

Guardrail FailureGuardrail Failure

POOR DESIGNPOOR DESIGN

WHAT IS WRONG WITH THIS DESIGN

ANIMATION

HOW DO WE PREVENT HOW DO WE PREVENT THESE?THESE?

PREVENTION VS CUREPREVENTION VS CUREPlanned vs Adhoc vs IgnoreThe best way

In designRoad safety must be a design requirementRoad safety must not be an after thoughtRoad safety must not be compromised when price-ceiling

bursts

MaintenanceInspectionAssessment

TOOLS FOR SAFETYTOOLS FOR SAFETYInternationally-knownInternational Road Assessment Programme (IRAP)Road Safety Audit

Malaysian way to complement and to close existing gaps

METRA – Malaysian Guidebook for Traffic and Road Safety Audit (for operational roads)

IRAP (INTERNATIONAL ROAD IRAP (INTERNATIONAL ROAD ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME)ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME)

iRAP Project AimsiRAP Project Aims Drive safety upgrading where large numbers are killed

and seriously injured

Global methodology to generate effective and economic countermeasure programmes

Implement performance tracking methodologies for funding bodies to assess outcomes

Provide the training, manuals and web tools to build and sustain national capability

iRAP BackgroundiRAP BackgroundDeveloped countries program – AusRAP, EuroRAP,

USRap, KiwiRAP

Partnership of auto clubs, government, development banks, research institutes

Over 40 countries worldwide

Non-profit organisation with core funding from the FIA Foundation

www.iRAP.net

IRAP PROCESSIRAP PROCESS

Malaysia – 2008 Pilot Study OutlineMalaysia – 2008 Pilot Study Outline

3,700 km of peninsula Malaysia

surveyed

Expressways (E1, E2, E8)

Federal Roads (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F7, F8, F67 and F76)

BEYOND THE PILOT:BEYOND THE PILOT:Plans for Road Improvement Plans for Road Improvement A 10-year ProgramA 10-year Program

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Malaysian Guidebook for Malaysian Guidebook for Traffic and Road Safety AuditTraffic and Road Safety Audit

Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS)Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS)

“Road Safety Audit: Guidelines for the Safety Audit of Roads and Road Project in Malaysia”Published by JKR in 1997, 2nd Edition in

2002A formal process done at various stages (5

stages) in the development of a projectAuditors must be properly qualified Independent team of auditorsConsideration of all road user groups

Road Safety Audit: Guidelines for the Safety Audit of Roads and Road Project in Malaysia, 2002

RSA: Current Practice in MalaysiaRSA: Current Practice in Malaysia

Cycle of Road Safety AuditCycle of Road Safety Audit

The Gap The Gap

Only carried out by experienced and certified auditors (inadequate numbers)

Subjective guidelineUnspecified task or methodGuidelines are for more experienced road

engineersLack fundamental terminologiesGuidelines do not provide guide for report writing

For ExampleFor Example

Check that:…That traffic signals are provided only where warranted for

safe, efficient and equitable management of traffic flow along and across arterial roads and for the safe crossing of pedestrians.

?

?

??

?

Introducing!Introducing!

Where MeTRA fitsWhere MeTRA fits

can be applied

MeTRA ComponentMeTRA Component

How MeTRA can Contribute to How MeTRA can Contribute to Road Safety?Road Safety?

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 What is MeTRA?

This guidebook comprises of a road safety audit procedures specifically on operational roads which are guided through specific task.

 Who is MeTRA for?

Any parties with interest in road infrastructure improvements, e.g. researcher, engineers, auditors, local authorities, or students.

 Where to use MeTRA?

This guidebook is applicable to all road types regardless of condition and usage.

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How to use MeTRA? Issue : Sets of questions that address various road safety issues. Specification and Standard : Explains or identify the relevant road safety standard and

guidelines which was based on relevant references and research local and international. Task : Identify the specific instruction and assignment to be carried out in order to

answer the question pertaining to road safety issues. On Site Data / Condition : Allows users to input the existing data or measurement responding to the task. Comments : Additional inputs or data that could help or assist in answering the question.

How to Use - ExampleHow to Use - Example1 Measure distance

2 Determine distance required from Specification & Standard

1

How to Use - ExampleHow to Use - Example0.8

1.0

Success StoriesSuccess Stories

Intersection & Alignment Improvement

Before After

Improved Line of Sight

Before After

Sight Distance & Delineation Improvement

Visual Aid ImprovementVisual Aid Improvement

Before After

• Kerbs were installed to properly segregate pedestrian from motorized traffic

• Improvement of road markings

The Way Forward…Supporting the Pillars of Decade of Action

Vision & TargetVision & Target

UserUserVehicleVehicleRoadRoad

in

on

………

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSThe Safety of mobility and road infra-structure holds

a critical role to help address the road safety problems especially in the low and middle-income countries

Preventive measures are criticalBoth at design stage as well as during operationIRAP, Road Safety Audit and METRA are useful tools

BUT ABOVE ALLThe “WILL” must be there.

THANK YOUTHANK YOUfarhan@miros.gov.my