ESPAÑOL IIIRealidades-2El primero demarzo 2017

Capítulo 1AObjetivo To use the form of IR + A + INFINITIVETo go to do something

To talk about what you are going to doStudents will talkabout what they are going to do.

IR + A + the infinitive

IR A + INFINITIVE

In Spanish, many useful expressions are formed by combining two verbs. When this occurs, the first verb is conjugated, while the second verb remains in the infinitive form.ir, viajar

Yo voy a viajar a España.I am going to travel to Spain.acabar, comerTú acabas de comer.You have just eaten.saber, nadarJuan sabe nadar.Juan knows how to swim.volver, leerMaría vuelve a leer el libro.María reads the book again.One such expression combines the verb ir (conjugated) with an infinitive. The preposition “a” is always used. The formula is:ir a + infinitive = to be going to do something (in the near future)Voy a llevar a mi hermana a su casa.I am going to take my sister to her house.Vas a invitar a muchas muchachas.You are going to invite lots of girls.Cristina va a conversar con mi mamá.Christina is going to talk with my mom.Eduardo va a leer el libro.Edward is going to read the book.Remember from the previous lesson how to conjugate the verb ir:

voyvasvavamosvaisvan

Here are some useful words and expressions for pinpointing exactly when you are going to do something.

hoy

today

mañanatomorrow

más tardelater

esta tardethis afternoon

la semana que vienenext week

el mes que vienenext month

el año que vienenext year

esta nochetonight

mañana por la mañanatomorrow morning

mañana por la tardetomorrow afternoon

mañana por la nochetomorrow night

Ir a + infinitiveTo be going to do something(voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van)

The Spanish verb IR (to go) is one of the most commonly used verbs in Spanish. It can be used for everything from announcing where you are going to what you are going to do.

The verb Ir happens to be a highly irregular verb. Like ser, it doesn't follow the normal patterns for verb conjugations. Can you imagine why? For example, try to conjugate ir by taking the infinitive –ir ending away… and you'll find there's nothing left!

Therefore, you'll have to memorize the following pattern for ir in the present tense:

yo voy

tú vas

usted (Ud.), él, ella

va

Nosotros/as vamos

Vosotros/as vais

Uds van

The Spanish Verb IR (to go)

If you want to say, I am going to the beach, in English, you know that you'll have to add the word "to" after the verb "to go." Similarly, in Spanish, the verb ir is almost always followed by "a." For example, the preceding sentence would be translated as Voy a la playa.

If the noun that follows the "a" is masculine singular, as in el mercado, you must combine the two sounds of "a" and "el" into a single sound: "al."

a + el = alFor example, if you wanted to say that you were going to the market, you would say, Voy al mercado … NOT Voy a el mercado.

Por ejemplo:

Voy al cine con Felipe.

I am going to the cinema with Phillip.

Nosotros vamos a las carreras de caballos.

We are going to the horse races.

¿Van Ustedes con nosotros?

Are you going with us?

The Spanish verb IR in the future: What is going to happen?

The simplest way to express that something is going to happen in the future is to use the verb to go—just as it was used in this sentence.

Realidades 2 página 42 and page 43

¿Qué haces en tu tiempo libre? There are some many activities we can do in our free time or “tiempo libre”. In this lesson, we will cover a comprehensible vocabulary list of common free time activities in Spanish people commonly do. Our goal is to present the vocabulary for these activities using expressions and questions we would normally use in everyday conversations. We are certain that the audio examples and explanations will make it easier for you to talk about your favorite free time activities in Spanish. Comencemos…

Vocabulary Introduction: Common free time activities in SpanishThe expression “Las actividades de tiempo libre” is used to refer to free time activities in Spanish. Another way is using the words PASATIEMPOS and AFICIONES. As you may already know, Spanish verbs

represent actions that affect something or someone and hobbies are indeed activities represented by verbs in Spanish, most of the time in infinitive (ending in –AR, -ER, -IR). Imagine you want to say something like “I love singing”. Your first idea might be “Yo amo cantando”, but this is not a correct way to say it. Instead you should say “Yo amo cantar” or in a more natural way: “Me encanta cantar”, with the activity working as a verb in infinitive.When talking about free time activities in Spanish, we will conjugate the first verb and keep the second in infinitive. The picture below shows some photographs of people doing their favorite leisure activities or hobbies in Spanish.

Making sentences about free time activities in SpanishFirst, we will learn how to make basic sentences with free time activities in Spanish. Since these

activities are verbs, all we need is to use one of the easiest grammatical structure for sentences in Spanish:

Subject or subject pronoun + conjugated verb (hobby) + complement (time or place)

For this type of sencentes, it is not necessary to add a complement every time. A short statement like “I SING” can be simply translated into “Yo canto” and that would be totally correct. Remember you have to use the right conjugated form of the verb. Following this rule, you can make sentences with other free time activities in Spanish such as TOCAR GUITARRA in “Yo toco guitarra”, where the word GUITARRA represents the object of the verb TOCAR (the equivalent of PLAY for music instruments in Spanish).

You can complete a sentence with a time expression like EN LA MAÑANA, EN LA NOCHE or even saying with whom you do something as in CON MIS AMIGOS, CON MI FAMILIA and so on. The chart below has more examples following this pattern. Press play to listen to the audio examples.

Expressing Likes and Dislikes in Spanish with GUSTARSaying what you like in Spanish

First, let’s talk about expressing likes and dislikes in Spanish with “GUSTAR”. This verb is frequently accompanied by a direct object pronoun and sometimes by a prepositional phrase like “A mí…”. Both help us know who likes an activity in Spanish. For example, “I like soccer” would be translated properly into “A mí me gusta el futbol“, where A MÍ (to me) is an optional prepositional phrase, ME is the corresponding direct object pronoun for YO and GUSTA is one of the forms of GUSTAR.

The verb GUSTAR will be conjugated as GUSTA to express likes and dislikes in Spanish, particularly activities, .e.g “A ti te gusta ver televisión“. However, it will be conjugated as GUSTAN when referring to several physical objects but not activities in Spanish, for example: “Me gustan las fotos“(I like the photos). Likewise, you can use other verbs for talking about likes and dislikes in Spanish such as: ENCANTAR (to love), EMOCIONAR (to feel excited) and ALEGRAR (to make happy). ENCANTAR, just like GUSTAR, will change to ENCANTA as in “Me encanta hacer ejercicio”, EMOCIONAR to EMOCIONA as in “A ella le emociona viajar” and ALEGRAR to ALEGRA.

How to conjugate GUSTAR in Spanish in the present tense

As you may notice, knowing what prepositional phrase or pronoun to use may be difficult, which is why we prepared a simple chart showing how to conjugate GUSTAR. These conjugations will be complemented with a list of Spanish activities for hobbies to make complete sentences. The subject pronouns in the chart   will work only as a reference so you should leave them out when making sentences about likes and dislikes in Spanish. On the other hand, prepositional phrases like “A mí” can be added or omitted without any change in meaning, e.g. “(A mí) Me gusta tocar guitarra“.

Subject

Prep. phras

e

IO prono

unGUST

AR hobbie

s in Spanish

Yo A mí me gusta tocar guitarra

Tú A ti te gusta mirar televisión

Él A él le gusta cantar

Ella A ella le gusta bailar

Subject

Prep. phras

e

IO prono

unGUST

AR hobbie

s in Spanish

Usted A usted le gusta hacer ejercicio

Nosotros

A nosotros nos gusta cocinar

Vosotros A vosotros os gusta pintar

Ellos A ellos les gusta tomar fotos

Sentences with a list of activities in Spanish plus likes and dislikesMe gusta + a list of activities in Spanish

In this section, we will provide several examples of sentences using a list of activities in Spanish for hobbies and ways to express likes and dislikes. Pay attention how the verb GUSTAR is conjugated and used in each example, and more importantly, identify the main activities in Spanish people are talking about. Use the chart above and the translation to find out other hidden details.

1 No va a ninguna parte he doesn't go anywhere

2 a veces sometimes

3 baile dance

4 casi nunca almost never

5 casi siempre almost always

6 colegio high school

7 cuando hace buen tiempo when the weather is good

8 descansar to rest

9 después de clases after class

10 ensayo rehearsal

11 entrenamiento practice

12 estudiar to study

13 gimnasio gym

14 iglesia church

15 la casa de ___ ___'s house

16 le gusta he likes

17 los fines de semana weekends

18 piscina pool

19 playa beach

20 practicar deportes to play sports

21 reunión meeting

22 todos los días every day

23 trabajar to work

24 trabajo work

25 ¿Adónde? Where to?

26 ¿Con qué frecuencia vas ___? How often do you go ___?

27 ¿Qué hace ___? What does ___ do?

IR + A + INFINITIVE

Yo voy a jugar baloncesto

Vamos a viajar mañana

Yo voy a pasar tiempo con mi primo.

Vamos a la biblioteca para estudiar.

Actividades de tiempo libre y pasatiempos comunes

Students discuss what they like to do and where they go. Speaking and writing