1. Rahul Patel, P.Ag. Senior Sales Agrologist, Shaunavon Co-op
Assoc Limited Cell: (306) 618-9194 Office: (306) 297-2662 E-mail:
[email protected] Twitter@rahulpl2001 DATED:12TH MARCH
2015 IPM practices in cereal, pulses and oilseed crop rotation
system in SK
2. 1. What Is Integrated Pest Management? Strategy used to
control diseases, insects and weed that combines a number of
approaches to minimize the impact of pest on a crop. These
includes: a. Pest identification; b. Knowledge of biology of the
pest and host crop; c. Monitoring/Scouting for pests; d. Economic
thresholds/Risk Value/Crop loss; e. Prediction/Forecasting tools
and techniques; f. Preventive practices; g. Adopting management
practice such as Cultural, biological, genetic, and chemical h.
Recording and evaluation results
3. 1. Cultural, Mechanical and Physical Control: a. Use of Crop
rotation - Clubroot and blackleg of canola, FHB, tan spot, smut,
ergot of cereals, ascochyta of pulses, anthracnose of lentil etc.
b. Early seeding of spring seeded cereals eg., rust c. Destruction
of Alternate host, Foxtail barley to control stripe rust. d.
Staggering planting time & using cultivars with different
maturities eg., FHB of cereals e. Shallow seeding of cereals -eg.,
seedling blight f. Maintenance of adequate fertility eg., seedling
blight of cereals, pulses and oilseeds g. Nitrogen fertility
management- eg. powdery mildew and other leaf diseases of cereals
h. Copper application can reduce the amount of ergot in wheat. i.
Reduced or zero tillage fields-eg., seedling blight of all crops j.
Prevalence of Septoria is greater with conventional tillage than
reduced tillage practice. k. Modification of surface soil profile,
drainage & Balanced P eg. Pythium root rot cereals. l. Burying
wheat residue before seeding eg., tan spot. m. Use of certified
seed or clean seed eg., smut, bunt and ergot of cereals n.
Adjusting combines speed to remove FDK than healthy kernels helps
in improving grain grade and reduce toxin levels. o. Weed scouting
and subsequent herbicide application will help to control volunteer
wheat or AH. p. Equipment sanitation for Clubroot canola
management. q. Selection of field eg. blackleg of Canola, Clubroot
of canola, anthracnose of lentil, ascochyta of pulses
4. 2. Genetic control: a. Use of resistant cultivars for smut,
FHB, powdery mildew, rust, club root canola, blackleg of canola,
Sclerotinia resistant for canola etc. (SK seed guide 2015) 3.
Biological Control: a. Seed treatment or soil treatment with
Trichoderma sp., to reduce FHB pressure infected soil zone. (Not
Registered in Canada) b. Contans WG preplant incorporated in soil
for the control of Sclerotinia of Canola. c. Serenade Max for the
control of white mold in pea, chickpea, lentil, soybean, canola,
potato 4. Decision Support Systems: a. Use of disease forecasting
model to help producers with fungicide applications in field. b.
FHB forecasting model in cereals have available for producers in
USA. c. Use of VRT techniques to spray fungicides in patches for
disease control as well as nutrient management to reduce pressure
of disease in crop. 5. Chemical Control: a. Use of seed treatment
chemicals for FHB, Seedling blight, seed rot, seedling rot, root
rot, ascochyta blight of pea, lentil anthracnose, lentil ascochyta,
chickpea ascochyta etc. b. Need based foliar application of
fungicide coincide with disease timing and staging of the crop to
reduce use of chemicals. eg., Sclerotinia of Canola between 20-50 %
bloom stages, and FHB cereals- between GS49-GS59.
7. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Figure 3 : Hours per day
when the RH >75 % during growing crop season in June at Eastend
(Average of 2005-2014) June 8 June GS 22 Main Shoot & two
tillers Septoria leaf spot begin 16 June GS 30 Pseudo stem erection
Tan Spot begins 24 June GS 37 Flag leaf stage Leaf spots become
severe 4-7 June GS 102- Second node stage Field Pea 14 -17 June GS
201- Enclosed Bud stage Field Pea 22-24 June Bud stage begins Field
Peas 15-19 June GS 1.8 -8 lentil leaves unfolded
8. 303.335 333.94 408.235 445.125 518.385 548.035 0 100 200 300
400 500 600 700 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Figure 4: Accumulated GDD in June at
Eastend Average of 2005-2014 (Base Temp 9 d C) 4-7 June GS 102-
Second node stage Field Pea 14 -17 June GS 201- Enclosed Bud stage
Field Pea 22-24 June Bud stage begins Field Peas 15-19 June GS 1.8
-8 lentil leaves unfolded (AGDD-423- 471)
10. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Figure 6: Hours per
day when the RH >75 % during growing crop season in July at
Eastend (Average of 2005-2014) July 15 July GS 59 Emergence of Head
complete FHB begin 25th July GS 69 Flowering complete FHB become
severe 5-10 July GS 202 Pea first flower open 21-27 July GS 207 Pea
Pod fill stage 6-11 July GS 6.0 Lentil flowering begins 16-21 July
GS 6.5 Lentil flowering complete 26 July -1 Aug GS 7.1 Lentil seed
fill begins.
11. 740.22 829.25 1030.895 1141.955 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
1200 1300 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Figure 7: Accumulated GDD in July at
Eastend average of 2005-2014 (Base Temperature 9 oC) July 5-10 July
GS 203 First Flower Open Field Pea Quilt or Acapela or Quadris or
Delaro or Priaxor DS or 21-27 July GS 207 Reproductive stage pod
filling stage Field Pea Bravo Zn 6-11 July GS 6.0 Flowering begins
Lentil (762-853) Quilt or Acapela or Quadris or Delaro or Priaxor
DS
13. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Figure 9: Hours per
day when the RH >75 % during growing crop season in August at
Eastend (Average of 2005-2014) August 4 Aug GS79 complete of
milking stage 12 Aug GS87 Hard Dough stage FHB becomes severe black
point begin
14. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31 14 -21 Aug GS 8.1 Lentil Seed begin to mature, 10 % of seed
has changed colour (GDD 1470-1594) Bravo 5-13 Aug GS 301 Field Pea
lower pod dry brown, seeds dry, middle pod yellow & wrinkled,
seed rattle, top pod green & wrinkled (GDD 1305- 1451) 18-27
Aug GS 303 Field Pea maturity stage, All pod dry brown, seeds dry
& hard (GDD 1527-1686) Figure 10: Accumulated GDD in August at
Eastend average of 2005-2014 (Base Temperature 9 d C)
15. 1. Cultural, Mechanical and Physical Control: a. Early
seeded cereals grow and become vigorous and pass the susceptible
stage before aphid and wheat midge population reach damaging
levels. b. Adult moth of cutworm and armyworm population can be
monitored by using light traps. c. Sex attractants can be used to
trap adult cutworm moths or armyworm moths d. Monitored aphid and
midge population by using yellow sticky trap. e. Destroying grassy
weeds, 1-2 weeks before seeding will minimize the risk of
attracting egg laying moths and subsequent infestations. f. Crop
rotation will prevent build up of wheat midge. g. Uniform seeding
depth, higher seed rate to reduce tillering will reduce midge
kernel damage. h. Swathing sawfly infested wheat as soon as kernel
moisture drops below 40 % may save infested stems before they fall.
i. Shallow or fall tillage can result in significant sawfly
mortality. j. Mowing or grazing of field borders or ditch banks
containing native grasses to avoid egg laying of cutworms,
armyworms. k. Seed into warm, moist seedbed to promote good canola
stand establishment and rapid seedling growth to reduce loss from
flea beetle. l. Early maturing variety of Canola can help avoid a
significant BAW infestation unless the moth flight is exceptionally
early.
16. 2. Genetic control: a. Use of midge tolerant wheat variety
to prevent resistant midge buildup and provide control and higher
yields and good grade. (SK Seed guide 2015) b. Solid stem wheat
varieties are resistant to wheat stem sawfly larval damage. 3.
Biological Control: a. Ladybird beetle, hover fly larvae and
Lacewing bug and parasites usually keep population of cereal
aphids, pulse and oilseed aphid under control. b. Predator like
black bird commonly search for armyworms in small grain. 4.
Decision Support Systems: a. Use of forecasting tool for pests 2015
will help producers to minimize the use of insecticides. 5.
Chemical Control: a. Follow ETL to spray chemical Malathion for
aphids control in cereals, if it is an average 12-15 aphid /stem
prior to the soft dough stage. b. Best results occur if insecticide
applied in the evening for Cutworm. c. Field should be treated
within 4 days of reaching ETL of 1 adult midge per 4or 5 wheat
heads, if 50 % wheat heads are flowering. d. For wheat midge
Insecticide should be applied in late afternoon or evening when
temp exceed 15C and WS
