IP Protection and Mgmt in ASEAN

8/2/2019 IP Protection and Mgmt in ASEAN

1/43

Intellectual Property Protection

and Management in ASEAN

Focus on Piracy and Counterfeiting in Physical Markets

Adam Richard Tanielian


2/43

ASEAN Economic Review


3/43

Population

GDP (Official

Rate, US$bn)

GDP (PPP,

US$bn)

GDP Per

Capita ($US)

BR 408,786 $15.6 $21.11 $49,400

KH 14,952,665 $13.2 $32.95 $2,300

ID 248,216,193 $834.3 $1,121 $4,700

LAO 6,586,266 $7.9 $17.44 $2,700

MY 29,179,952 $247.6 $447 $15,600

MR 54,584,650 $50.2 $82.72 $1,300

PH 103,775,002 $216.1 $393.4 $4,100

SG 5,353,494 $266.5 $314.5 $59,900

TH 67,091,089 $339.4 $609.8 $9,700

VN 91,519,289 $121.6 $299.2 $3,300

All figures are

from 2011-2012

Source: CIA

Note: Cambodia,

Laos, and

Myanmar are

Least Developed

Countries (UN,

2011)


4/43

Unless

otherwise

stated, all

numbers are

from

2011-2012

Source: CIA

Real Growth

Rate Unemployment

% Below Poverty

Line

Labor Force

(million)

BR 2.8% 3.7% ('08) 0.1888 ('08)

KH 6.7% 3.5% ('07) 31% ('07) 8.8 ('10)

ID 6.4% 6.7% 13.33% ('10) 117

LAO 8.3% 2.5% ('09) 26% ('10) 3.69

MY 5.3% 3.1% 3.6% ('07) 14.9

MR 5.5% 5.5% 32.7% ('07) 32.53

PH 4.7% 7.2% 32.9% ('06) 39.81

SG 5.3% 1.9% 3.212

TH 1.5% 1.0% 9.6% ('06) 39.28

VN 5.8% 4.1% 10.6% ('10) 48.23


5/43

Statistics arefrom

2001-2010

Source: CIA

% of Labor Force

in Agriculture

% of Labor Force

in Industry

% of Labor

Force in Services

BR 4.2% 62.8% 33%

KH 57.6% 15.9% 26.5%

ID 38.3% 12.8% 48.9%

LAO 75.1%

MY 13% 36% 51%

MR 70% 7% 23%

PH 33% 15% 52%

SG 0.1% 30.2% 69.7%

TH 42.4% 19.7% 37.9%

VN 53.9% 20.3% 25.8%


6/43

Except where otherwise

indicated, figures are from

2011-2012

Source: CIA

% of GDP in

Agriculture

% of GDP in

Industry

% of GDP in

Services

BR 0.9% 72.3% 26.8%

KH 30.9% 22% 40%

ID 14.9% 46% 39.1%

LAO 27.8% 34.8% 37.4%

MY 10.2% 42.1% 47.8%

MR 43% 20.5% 36.6%

PH 12.3% 33.3% 54.4%

SG 0% ('10) 28.3% ('10) 71.7% ('10)

TH 12.2% 45.3% 42.5%

VN 20.0% 41.4% 38.6%


7/43

Percent of Population with at Least a Secondary Education

Source: UN (2010)

Females Males

BR 66.6% 23.5%

KH 11.6% 20.6%

ID 24.2% 31.1%

LAO 22.9% 36.8%

MY 66.0% 72.8%

MR 18.0% 17.6%

PH 65.9% 63.7%

SG 57.3% 64.8%

TH 25.6% 33.7%

VN 24.7% 28.0%


8/43

ASEAN Domestic Laws


9/43

Patents

BR 1999 Emergency

(Copyright) Order

2000 Trademark Act

(Chapter 98); 1953

Merchandise Marks (Chapter

96)

1984 Chapter 72 on

Inventions; 1999

Emergency Order on

Patents

KH 2003 Law on Copyright and

Related Rights

2002 Law Concerning

Marks, Trade Names, and

Acts of Unfair Competition

2002 Law on the Patents,

Utility Model Certificates

and Industrial Designs

ID* Law No. 19 of July 29, 2002

on Copyright

Law No. 15 of August 1,

2001 regarding Marks

2001 Indonesia Law on

Patents

* Indicates a stand-alone trade secret statute


10/43

Patents

LAO 2007 Intellectual Property

Laws

2007 Intellectual Property

Laws

2007 Intellectual Property

Laws

MY 1987 Copyright Act; 2000

Optical Discs Act

1976 Trademark Act; 1972

Trade Descriptions Act

1983 Patents Act

MR 1911 Copyright Act; 1877

Specific Relief Act; 1996 TV

& Video Law; 1996 Motion

Picture Law; 1996 Computer

Science Development Law

1994 Citizens Investment

Law; 1860 Penal Code;

1889 Merchandise Marks

Act

1945-46 Burma Patents and

Design Act


11/43

Patents

PH 1997 Intellectual Property Code;

2003 Optical Media Act

1997 IP Code; 1992 Consumer Act; 1930

Penal Code

1997 IP Code

SG 1987 Copyright Act (Chapter 63) 1998 Trade Marks Act (Chapter 332) 1995 Patents Act

TH* 1994 Copyright Act of B.E.

2537; 2005 Optical Disc

Production Act of B.E. 2548

1991 Trademark Act of B.E. 2545; 1979

Consumer Protection Act of B.E. 2522

1999 Patent Act and

Amendments

VN 2005 Law on IP

No.50/2005/QH11; 1999

Criminal Code; 2005 Civil Code

2005 Law on IP No.50/2005/QH11; 1999

Criminal Code; 2005 Civil Code

2005 Law on IP; 2000 Law

on Science and Technology;

2007 Law on Technology

Transfer

* indicates trade secret statute


12/43

Prison

Population (yr)

Prison Capacity

(yr)

Population %

of Capacity

BR 379 ('10) 366 ('07) 103.6%

KH 15,001 ('11) 8,360 ('11) 179.4%

ID 141,689 ('11) 85,474 ('09) 165.8%

LAO 4,020 ('04) N/A N/A

MY 38,387 ('10) 32,000 ('09) 120.0%

MR 60,053 ('09) 26,100 ('02) 230.1%

PH 104,710 ('11) 35,000 ('11) 299.2%

SG 12,978 ('10) 15,564 ('10) 83.4%

TH 224,292 ('11) 105,748 ('08) 212.1%

VN 108,557 ('10) N/A N/A

Source: ICPS, 2012;

Walmsley, 2011


13/43

International Law

Overview and

National Status of Treaties


14/43

Status of the

Vienna

Convention

BR N/A

KH Signature 1969

ID N/A

LAO Accession 1998

MY Accession 1994

MR Accession 1998

PH Ratification 1972

SG N/A

TH N/A

VN Accession 2001

Articles 26 & 29 Treaties are valid and binding.

Article 27 Internal law may not be used as

justification for non-performance of treatyobligations.


15/43

Big 4 Treaties

Berne Convention

Paris Convention

Madrid Agreement & Protocol WTO TRIPS Agreement


16/43

Party to the

Berne

Convention

Status of the

Paris

Convention

WTO

Membership

(m.d.y)

Status of

Madrid

Protocol

BR 2006 Accession 2011 1.1.1995 None

KH None Accession 1998 10.13.2004 None

ID 1997 Application 1950 1.1.1995 None

LAO None Accession 1998 Observer None

MY 1990 Accession 1988 1.1.1995 None

MR None None 1.1.1995 None

PH 1951 Accession 1965 1.1.1995 None

SG 1998 Accession 1994 1.1.1995 Accession 2000

TH 1931 Accession 2008 1.1.1995 None

VN 2004 In Force 1949 1.11.2007 Accession 2006


17/43

WTO TRIPS Agreement

Copyright

Duration

(50, 20yrs)

Moral

Rights

Trademark

Term

(7yrs+)

Criminal

Penalties for

Infringement

Trade

Secret

Statute

BR

KH

ID

LAO MY

MR

PH

SG

TH

VN

Source: WIPO Lex

Legislative Implementation


18/43

Personal Use Exception

BR Yes

KH Questionable

ID No*

LAO Yes

MY Yes

MR N/A

PH Yes

SG Yes, questionable

TH Yes, questionable

VN Yes

*If we assume such use "prejudices

the legitimate interests of the author."

Throughout the region, infringement seems to

be qualified when profit is generated through

the sale, rental, and or exhibition to the publicof works. Although the language of some

statutes is unclear, and although cases involving

fair use exceptions were not found, it is

apparent that private domestic use is generally

not considered infringement. If we do not

automatically assume that non-profit private use

of unauthorized copies prejudices the

legitimate interests of the author, then we can

infer that throughout the region, such use is

generally allowed under the law.


19/43

WIPO Treaties

WIPO Convention

WIPO Copyright Treaty

WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty


20/43

WIPO

Convention

WIPO

Copyright Treaty

WIPO Performances

and Phonograms

Treaty

BR 1994 N/A N/A

KH 1995 N/A N/A

ID 1979

Ratification 1997

In Force 2002

Ratification 2004

In Force2005

LAO 1995 N/A N/A

MY 1989 N/A N/A

MR 2001 N/A N/A

PH 1980 Accession 2002 Accession 2002

SG 1990 Accession 2005 Accession 2005

TH 1989 N/A N/A

VN 1976 N/A N/A


21/43

Supplementary Copyright Treaties

1952 UNESCO Universal Copyright Convention

1961 Rome Convention

1971 Convention for the Protection ofProducers and Phonograms against

Unauthorized Duplication of Their

Phonograms


22/43

Supplementary Trademark Treaties

1973 Vienna Agreement Establishing an

International Classification of the Figurative

Elements of Marks

1994 Trademark Law Treaty

2006 Singapore Treaty on the Law ofTrademarks


23/43

Patent Treaties

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Patent Law Treaty

Strasbourg Agreement ConcerningInternational Patent Classification


24/43

Status of the CTOC

BR Accession 2008

KH Ratification 2005

ID Ratification 2009

LAO Accession 2003

MY Ratification 2004

MR Accession 2004

PH Ratification 2002

SG Ratification 2007

TH Signature 2000

VN Signature 2000

UN Convention against

Transnational Organized

Crime Article 2 defines

serious crimes, which

qualify organized criminal

groups, as crimes having

maximum penalties of 4 or

more years imprisonment.

BR 2yrs 10yrs

KH 1yr 5yrs

ID 7yrs 5yrs

LAO 2yrs 2yrs

MY 10yrs 3yrs

MR 3yrs 3yrs

PH 6yrs 5yrs

SG 5yrs 5yrs

TH 4yrs 4yrs

VN 3yrs 10yrs


25/43

Dispute Resolution

Party to the ICJ

(Declaration of

Compulsory

Jurisdiction)

ICSID Entry

into Force

UNCITRAL

Model Law

Adoption Date

New York

Convention

Entry into

Force

BR 1984 2002 2006 1996

KH 1955 (1957) 2005 2006 1960

ID 1950 1968 N/A 1982

LAO 1955 N/A N/A 1998

MY 1957 1966 2005 1986

MR 1948 N/A N/A N/A

PH 1945 (1972) 1978 2004 1967

SG 1965 1968 1994 1986

TH 1946 N/A 2002 1960

VN 1977 N/A N/A 1995


26/43

Piracy and Counterfeiting

Statistics


27/43

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

BR 67% 68% 67% 66%

ID 85% 84% 85% 86% 87%

MY 60% 59% 59% 58% 56%

PH 71% 69% 69% 69% 69%

SG 39% 37% 36% 35% 34%

TH 80% 78% 76% 75% 73%

VN 88% 85% 85% 85% 83%

NA 22% 21% 21% 21% 21%

WE 34% 33% 33% 34% 33%

CN 82% 82% 80% 79% 78%

Software Piracy Rates

"NA" = North America (excluding Mexico); "WE" =

Western Europe; "CN" = China Source: BSA


28/43

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

BR $13 $15 $14 $19

ID $350 $411 $544 $886 $1,322

MY $289 $311 $368 $453 $606

PH $119 $147 $202 $217 $278

SG $125 $159 $163 $197 $233

TH $421 $468 $609 $694 $777

VN $96 $200 $257 $353 $412

NA $8,104 $9,144 $10,401 $9,379 $10,623

WE $10,642 $11,655 $13,023 $11,750 $12,771

CN $5,429 $6,664 $6,677 $7,583 $7,779

"NA" = North America (excluding Mexico);

"WE" = Western Europe; "CN" = China

Commercial Value of Unlicensed Software ($M)

Source: BSA


29/43

ID MY PH SG TH VN

Music 63% 61% 32% 20% 43% 100%

Movies 90% 80% 74% 25% 63% 100%

Piracy Rates (top)

Source:

Proserpio et al (2005)

Pirate

Units Sold

(mil)

Pirate Sales at

Trade Prices

($USmil)

ID 220.7 $368.1

MY 2.6 $14.2

PH 2.9 $11.7

SG 0.3 $1.7

TH 17.2 $47.3

USA 39.1 $335.6

CN 424.6 $585.2

Estimated Pirate Music Value (bottom)

Source: IFPI (2006)


30/43

China 90%

Russia 79%

Thailand 79%

Hungary 76%

Poland 65%

Mexico 61%

Taiwan 54%

Spain 32%

India 29%

Italy 25%

Mexico $483

UK $406

France $322

Russia $266

Spain $253

China $244

Japan $216

Italy $161

Germany $157

Thailand $149

Estimated Losses to MPA Companies

Internet

($USmil) $1,859

Hard Goods

($USmil) $2,906

Estimated Movie Piracy Rates and Market Value: Top 10

Source: MPA (2004-2005)


31/43

Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Thailand Vietnam

2001 PWL PWL PWL WL WL

2002 PWL WL PWL WL WL



2005PWL WL PWL WL WL

2006 PWL WL WL WL WL

2007 WL WL WL PWL WL

2008 WL WL WL PWL WL

2009 WL PWL WL WL PWL WL

2010 WL PWL WL WL PWL WL2011 WL PWL WL WL PWL WL

WL = "Watch List", PWL = "Priority Watch List"

Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Singapore not on lists.

Status of ASEAN Nations on the USTRs Special 301 Report

Source: USTR, IIPA


32/43

Consumer Survey

196 Participants

Age Sex


33/43

High School

27%

Bachelor

52%

Master

10%

Doctor

2%

Certificate

9% Education

18-25

40%

26-35

33%

36-50

14%

51-77

13%

Age

Male50%

Female

50%

Sex

Education

13%

Business24%

Engineer/Tech

9%

Health

Care

9%

Retired/Student/

Unemployed

23%

Service

14%

Other

6%

Government2%

Occupation


34/43

English

68%

Not English

32%

Native Language

USA

16%

UK & IRE

27%

CA

9%

AUS & NZ

16%

European

27%

Other

5%

Nationality

Not Reporting

60%Christian

13%

Catholic

9%

Protestant

8%

Buddhist

1%Atheist/Gnostic

5%

Other

4%Religion


35/43

0

10

20

30

4050

60

70

Lowest Low Medium High Highest No Opinion

Q1: How much of a problem are

piracy/counterfeiting of goods in this country?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Lowest Low Medium High Highest

Question 1 Responses by Sex

Male

Female

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

USA UK & IRE CA AUS & NZ European Other

Question 1 Responses by Nationality

Lowest

Low

Medium

High

Highest


36/43

0

20

40

60

80

100


Q2: How much of a problem are

piracy/counterfeiting of goods in ASEAN?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

3540

45

50



Male

Female

0

5

10

15

20

25



Lowest

Low

Medium

High

Highest


37/43

0

20

40

60

80

100


Q3: What level of appeal do knock-off goods have

to foreign tourists?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60



Male

Female

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35



Lowest

Low

Medium

High

Highest


38/43

0

20

40

60

80

100


Q4: Estimate the level of purchases of knock-off

goods by foreign tourists.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60



Male

Female

0

5

10

15

20

25

30



Lowest

Low

Medium

High

Highest


39/43

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Q5: Estimate the threat level that knock-off goods

organizations post to the public.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18



Lowest

Low

Medium

High

Highest

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45



Male

Female


40/43

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Q6: Estimate the level of losses to companies that

shanzhai/knock-off goods create.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35



Male

Female

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20



Lowest

Low

Medium

High

Highest


41/43

0

10

20

30

40

5060

70


Q7: To what level do non-genuine goods threaten

jobs and economies?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40



Male

Female

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20



Lowest

Low

Medium

High

Highest


42/43

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Q8: What is the quality level of knock-off goods?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35



Male

Female

0

5

10

15

20

25



Lowest

Low

Medium

High

Highest


43/43

0

50

100

150

200

Lower Price Support Lower

Class People

Destabilize

Markets

Convenience No Opinion

Q9: Why do customers purchase

pirated/counterfeited/knock-off goods?

0

10

20

30

4050

60

70

80

90

Lower Price Support Lower

Class People

Destabilize

Markets

Convenience


Male

Female

0

5

10

15

20

2530

35

40

45

50


Lower Price

Support Lower Class

People

Destabilize Markets

Convenience

Documents

IP Protection and Mgmt in ASEAN