IoT for Smart CitiesWorld is fast changing from connect any time, to any place, to anyone, we will now have

connectivity for anything!-IOT

- Dr.B.Narendra Kumar Rao

Overview

• Internet of Things• Applications of IoT• Smart Cities• Case Study (Boston, Seoul)• Smart City Initiatives in India• Smart City Initiatives in Andhra Pradesh• Personal Responsibility• References

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects over internet—devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data.

• “Things” are everyday objects for which IoT offers a virtual presence on the Internet, allocates a specific identity and virtual address, and adds capabilities to self-organize and communicate with other things without human intervention.

Internet of Things

The Internet of Things

• The term Internet of Things was first used by Kevin Ashton in 1999.

• Refers to uniquely identifiable objects (things) on Internet.

Internet of Things

Characteristics

Event Driven

Ambient Intelligence

Flexible Structure

Semantic Sharing

Complex Access Technologies

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Internet Usage and Population Statistics

Internet of Things

Enabling Technologies for the IOT System Design and Communication

• RFID and Near-Field Communication

• Optical technologies like Li-Fi (Light Fidelity)

• Optical tags and Quick response (QR)codes

• Bluetooth

• Low energy wireless IP networks

• ZigBee/Z-Wave

• Thread

• WiFi

• Ethernet

• Network simulators like OPNET, NetSim and NS2 can be used to simulate IOT networks

Internet of Things

Technical Perspective

Sensing Layer

Communication Layer

Management Layer

IOT Benefits• Reduce Costs

• Improve Efficiency

• Create Innovative Products

• New Revenue Streams

IoT - Challenges

• New Use Cases

• The Need for Open Standards

• Energy Demands

• Waste Disposal

• Storage Issues

• Lack of Privacy & Security

Internet of Things

Internet of Things Communication Models

• Device-to-Device Communications

• Device-to-Cloud Communications

• Device-to-Gateway Model

• Back-End Data-Sharing Model

Internet of Things

Device-to-Device Communications• Direct communication between devices, rather than

through intermediary application/service.

• Communicate over different types of networks which support protocols such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, Infrared etc..

• Ex: Home Automation systems and intercommunication

• No flexibility due to lack of compatibility of devices, forcing to select a family of devices

Internet of Things

Device-to-Cloud Communications

• Devices connect directly to an Internet cloud service like an application service provider to exchange data and control message traffic.

• Uses existing mechanisms of connecting to internet through wired and wireless mechanisms to connect to Internet.

• Ex: Learning Thermostat- Nest, SmartTV.

• Challenge is interfacing devices to cloud.

• Limitation: Vendor lock-in – Proprietary protocols supported by vendor to connect

Internet of Things

Device-to-Gateway Model

• Application Software Operates on a local gateway device which acts as intermediary between device and cloud service.

• Different devices can communicate in different modes or using different protocols to communicate with cloud or among themselves.

• Interoperability can be provided for communication of devices which can range from IP-based devices to non-IP based devices.

• Ex: Hub devices in home automation, Traffic management systems, light controllers, sensors and Smart Cameras connected to cloud.

Internet of Things

Back-End Data-Sharing Model

• Enables users to export and analyse smart object data from a cloud service in combination with data from other sources.

• Federated Cloud Service approach is to be supported to share data.

• Standardization of protocol support is essential.

• Analyse data gathered in office at different levels.

• Ex: Monitoring student attendance at different levels at different levels like in department, institute level, government department levels etc..

Internet of Things

Key Standardization Activities• IETF

– IPv6 and 6LoWPAN (IPV6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks) networking

– Routing algorithms (e.g. RPL – Routing protocol for Loww power and Losy networks)

– Web of Things (REST- Representational State Transfer - for IoT,

CoAP – Constrained Application Protocol, Resource Directory etc.)

– Security (DTLS – Datagram Transport Layer Security, TLS - Transport Layer Security , Cipher suites)

• OMA / IPSO Alliance

– OMA – Open Mobile Alliance Lightweight M2M Enabler Standard (CoAP)

– IPSO Web Objects

• OneM2M

– Ongoing work on M2M system standardization (CoAP, HTTP binding)

• ZigBee & WiSun

– ZigBee IP - An open-standard 6LoWPAN stack for Home Area Networks

– ZigBee IP NAN – 6LoWPAN stack for Sub-GHz large area applications

– WiSun - Sub-GHz 802.15.4g/e and 6LoWPAN consortium

Internet of Things

Applications of IoT

Education

Food

Management

IoT Applications

Retail

Logistics

Pharmaceuticals

Internet of Things

House hold Applications HAPIfork

The HAPIfork is an electronic fork that helps you monitor and track your eating habits. It also alerts you with the help of indicator lights and gentle vibrations when you are eating too fast

Internet of Things

Smart Tooth BrushThe Beam Brush is a connected toothbrush that engages users with their daily hygiene routine.

Internet of Things

Smart Egg TrayEgg Minder syncs with your smart phone to tell you how many eggs you’ve got at home (up to 14 eggs) and when they’re going bad.

Internet of Things

Glucose Monitoring

A cellular-powered glucose meter transmits each test result to a secure server and provides instant feedback and coaching to patients. This equips doctors, nurses, diabetes educators with real-time clinical data.

Internet of Things

Hydroponic SystemNiwa is the first fully automated hydroponic system that attends to all of your plants’ needs and water them, feed them and make sure they have optimal growing conditions 24/7.

Internet of Things

Smart City

Smart City

▪ A developed urban area that create sustainable economic development & high quality of life by excelling in multiple key areas; Economy, Mobility, environment, people living & Governance.

▪ Excelling in these key areas can be done so through strong human capital, social capital and/or ICT infrastructure

Smart City

Smart City Concept

Smart City

Features of Smart City

❖ Smart parking❖ Intelligent transport system❖ Tele-care❖ Traffic management❖ Smart grids❖ Smart urban lighting❖ Waste management❖ Smart city maintenance❖ Smart taxi❖ Digital-signage.

Smart City

Smart City Parameters

Smart City

Smart - IoT Applications

Smart City

Contd.

Smart City

Contd. Smart City

Smart Players

• International Organizations:

– UN-HABITAT – United Nations Human Settlements: Sustainable Cities Programme

– The World Bank: Eco2-Cities (Ecological, Economical)

– EU: Smart Cities and Communities Initiative

• Industry players: – Siemens: Green Cities

– IBM: Smarter Planet

– GE: Masdar Smart City

– Toshiba: Smart Community13

– CISCO: Smart Connected Communities

– LG-CNS: Smart Green City15

Smart City

Top 10 Smart Cities in world

1. Vienna2. Toronto3. Paris4. New York5. London6. Tokyo7. Berlin8. Boston9. Hong Kong

10. Barcelona

Smart City

Boston Smart Plan

Smart City

Smart City - Boston

• Population of Boston is Nearly 6.67 Lakhs

• Key Priorities:– Mobility is a significant challenge in Boston: with

over 300,000 commuting into the city daily, congestion and Vehicle parking issue.

– Education System for school children

– Waste management in the city

Smart City

Smart City Projects in Boston

• Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics (MONUM) - pilots experiments that offer the potential to improve radically the quality of city services

• Principal areas (core programs)– Participatory Urbanism

– Clicks and Bricks

– 21st Century Learning

Smart City

Core Programs

• Participatory Urbanism

– support the creation of new, citizen-centric products and services.

– Smart phones applications report any type of service problems

– platform to explore how online platforms for community meetings

– Chinatown is a video game-like platform to simulate Life in Boston and get feedback on facilities for the development of city

Smart City

Contd.• Clicks and Bricks

Investigates how new technologies are linking the city being built and up to how it is managed.

– Redesigning the Trash System(Waste Management)

– Adopt-A-Hydrant

• pilot project that encourages residents to shovel out snowed-in snow-ways during the winter

– City Worker

• Smart Devices/Phones to City workers to manage complaints and service the city better.

– Street Bump – Street Bump is a mobile app that helps residents to improve their streets facility.

• During car drive, the mobile app collects data and that data can provide the city with real-time information it uses to fix problems and plan long term investments

Smart City

21st Century Learning

• Boston One Card

– single card that provides access to all these resources for Boston Public School students

• Where My School Bus

– Locate their child’s school bus on Mobile or Computer on real-time location of their child’s school bus

• Classtalk– Classtalk is designed to help teachers send text message reminders to

students about homework and tests

Smart City

Open Data

• Opening up schools and education data to identify in-school behavior of students

• To create value-added services for children

• Improving school performance

Smart City

Other Projects

• Traffic Management : Transportation Department be able to spot traffic problems faster

• Healthier Environment :Help City understand how their climatic changes impacts life cycle

Smart City

Implementing Projects

• Market/Manage : Lease/Rent/Collaborate to facilitate the scope for development

• Pilots : Run several small pilot projects and implement in large on success.

• Test-bed : deep access to how the city works, access to back-end systems etc. and they also get high-quality feedback as to how systems are working from its citizens

Smart City

Funding• Grant Funding

– Receives grants from government organizations

• Partnerships– Partner with several Concerns through MoUs for

ICT facility

• Existing City Funding – Funds from taxes and other existing resources

• Private funding agencies– Funds from private firms

Smart City

Smart City - Seoul

• Population of Seoul : 10 Million

• Objective: To build a Human-centric smart city that relies on an advanced ICT infrastructure and continued urban development.

• Category :Existing cities made smart, smartization.

Smart City

Three Pillars of Smart Seoul

• ICT Infrastructure : Securing next-generation ICT infrastructure, anticipate future service demands

• Integrated City-management Framework : integrated subsystems, meta-systems and individual, building-block systems of a smart city

• Smart Users: smart-tech users able to interact with smart services

Smart City

Smart Seoul Infrastructure

• u-Seoul Net :Communication network dedicated to smart services, embedding fibre-optic cable to connect the city’s main public buildings

• Smart Devices for All : Network of smart device users, high-speed broadband optical wire and wireless networks– Device Donation : Distributing second-hand smart devices to

low-income families to increase smart device users

– Smart Capability for Disabled with video calling or suitable facility

– Devices free of cost for impaired financially, physically, or by the effects of ageing

Smart City

Contd.

• Smart Work Center : Access to internet, teleconferencing, remote work permissions, work from home or city centers to supplement job performance

• Community Mapping : participate in the administration of the city, access to geographical-information systems, social networks

• Smart Metering Project : Smart meters provide home, office and factory owners with real-time reports of their electricity, water and gas consumption

• u-Seoul Safety Service : utilizing state-of-the-art Location Based Services and CCTV technologies to notify authorities and family members of emergencies involving children, the disabled, the elderly, and those suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, ‘children safety zones’, locating missing children

Smart City

Contd.• Disclosing Public Data : 33 public information systems and 880 different

datasets, provide information on child-care services, public-transportation routes, bus arrival times, parking availability, weather conditions by region, restaurants; all accompanied by maps, internet links, graphs or statistics

• Mobile Applications for public usage

• Online Reservation System for Public Services

• Eun-pyeong u-City : receive practical information via smart devices , intelligent CCTV(Closed Circuit Telivision) cameras installed on every street corner

• 3-Dimensional Spatial Information: mapping application providing 3D street information and enabling the provision of new smart services.

• u-Shelter State-of-the-art Bus Stops : Basically Bus-Stop, Bus Route Guide, Destination Search (135), Traffic Broadcasting Station (65) and Weather Forecast (59).

Smart City

Contd.

• NFC(Near Field Communication)-based Mobile Payment :public-private collaboration - service accessible to anyone with a smart device or mobile card- purchase at a store select credit-card payment or mobile-card payment, coffee shop , purchasing tickets, enables money transfers smart devices

• Virtual Store: BAR code reader allows consumers to purchase goods while on the move, receiving delivery at their homes later

Smart City

Smart City

Smart City

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN INDIA

List of 20 Smart Cities Selected in First RoundName of State/UT Cities Shortlisted

Odisha BhubaneswarMaharashtra PuneRajasthan JaipurGujarat SuratKerala KochiGujarat AhmedabadMadhya Pradesh JabalpurAndhra Pradesh VisakhapatnamMaharashtra SolapurKarnataka DavangereMadhya Pradesh IndoreNew Delhi New DelhiTamil Nadu CoimbatoreAndhra Pradesh KakinadaKarnataka BelagaviRajasthan UdaipurAssam GuwahatiTamil Nadu ChennaiPunjab LudhianaMadhya Pradesh Bhopal

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN INDIA

List of 13 Smart Cities Selected in Second Round

Name of State/UT Cities Shortlisted

Uttar Pradesh LucknowTelangana WarangalHimachal Pradesh DharamasalaChandigarh ChandigarhChhattisgarh Raipur

West Bengal New Town, Kolkata

Bihar BhagalpurGoa Panaji

Andaman & Nicobar Port Blair

Manipur ImphalJharkhand RanchiTripura AgartalaHaryana Faridabad

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN INDIA

Smart city Budget

• The Indian Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi is going to develop the 100 Smart Cities as Satellite Towns of Larger Cities by

modernizing the present Cities. In the 2014-15 Budget Session, the Finance Minister of India Mr. Arun Jaitely is allotted the 7,060

Crores of Rupees for the 100 Smart Cities.

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN INDIA

Core Infrastructure Services/elements in a smart city

1. Adequate water supply

2. Assured electricity supply

3. Sanitation, including solid waste management

4. Efficient urban mobility and public transport

5. Affordable housing, especially for the poor

6. Robust IT connectivity and digitalization

7. Good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation

8. Sustainable environment

9. Safety and security of citizens, particularly women,

10. children and the elderly

11. Health and education. Courtesy : http://smartcities.gov.in

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN INDIA

Smart City Solutions

Courtesy : http://smartcities.gov.in

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN INDIA

Smart City Targets of Indian Government

• Make efficient usage of land use

• Housing and inclusiveness - expand housing opportunities for all

• Creating walkable localities –reduce congestion, air pollution and resource depletion, boost local economy, promote interactions and ensure security

• Preserving and developing open spaces - parks, playgrounds, and recreational spaces in order to enhance the quality of life of citizens, reduce the urban heat effects in Areas and generally promote eco-balance;

• Promoting a variety of transport options - Transit Oriented Development (TOD), public transport and last mile para-transport connectivity;

• Making governance, citizen-friendly and cost effective - increasingly rely on online services to bring about accountability and transparency, especially using mobiles to reduce cost of services and providing services without having to go to municipal offices

• Giving an identity to the city - based on its main economic activity, such as local cuisine, health, education, arts and craft, culture, sports goods, furniture, hosiery, textile, dairy, etc;

• Applying Smart Solutions to infrastructure and services in area-based development in order to make them better. For example, making Areas less vulnerable to disasters, using fewer resources, and providing cheaper services

Courtesy : http://smartcities.gov.in

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN INDIA

Implementation - Strategy• Retrofitting

– will introduce planning in an existing built-up area to achieve smart city objectives, along with other objectives, to make the existing area more efficient and livable.

• Redevelopment

– will effect a replacement of the existing built-up environment and enable co-creation of a new layout with enhanced infrastructure using mixed land use and increased density.

• Greenfield

– development will introduce most of the Smart Solutions in a previously vacant area (more than 250 acres) using innovative planning, plan financing and plan implementation tools (e.g. land pooling/ land reconstitution) with provision for affordable housing, especially for the poor

• Pan-city

– development envisages application of selected Smart Solutions to the existing city-wide infrastructure. Application of Smart Solutions will involve the use of technology, information and data to make infrastructure and services better

Note: smart city proposal of each shortlisted city is expected to encapsulate either a retrofitting or redevelopment or greenfield development model, or a mix thereof and a Pan-city feature with Smart Solution(s)

Courtesy : http://smartcities.gov.in

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN INDIA

Challenges in Developing Smart cities

• ‘Challenge’ or competition method to select cities for funding and using a strategy of area-based development.

• Smart leadership, vision and ability to act decisively will be important factors determining the success of the Mission

• Understanding the concepts of retrofitting, redevelopment and greenfield development by the policy makers, implementers and other stakeholders at different levels will require capacity assistance

• Smart Cities Mission requires smart people who actively participate in governance and reforms. Citizen involvement is much more than a ceremonial participation in governance

Courtesy : http://smartcities.gov.in

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN INDIA

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN ANDHRA PRADESH

SMART CITY & IoT - Initiative

• Kii (a Japanese corporation), the leading Internet of Things (IoT) Solution Enablement Platform provider signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Government of the State of Andhra Pradesh (AP).

• key areas– Smart Buildings: initiative starts with International Institute of Digital

Technology (IIDT) buildings in the City of Tirupati– IoT Centers of Excellence (CoE) : Kii will set up IoT Centers of

Excellence (CoE) in the cities of Visakhapatnam and Tirupati. CoE in Visakhapatnam is geared towards enabling the local startup and IoT community on the innovation front – and the CoE in Tirupati to be set up at IIDT

– Smart Cities and Smart Rural Pilots: to execute smart city pilots in areas such as smart agriculture, smart energy and beyond, driven by the unique requirements and demands seen in the state

Courtesy : PR Newswire, July 26, 2016

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN AP

MoU with NEC, Japan

• Signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to collaborate in the areas of information technology for smart city initiatives in the state.

• NEC will work in collaboration with AP Technology Services Limited (APTS) in designing and implementing the Safe City Project at Tirupati, India.

• Facial recognition systems and automated fingerprint identification systems in making Tirupati a Safe City.

• NEC will study the possibilities of Establishing a Centre of Excellence (CoE) and a Development Centre (DC) that could assist with R&D, capacity building and offer consulting on a wide variety of technological projects

Courtesy : http://in.nec.com/en_IN/press/201507/global_20150728_03.html, 28 July, 2015

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN AP

Visakhapatnam hosts BRICS meet in September

• BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa

• Vizag was entrusted with the responsibility of hosting the 3rd BRICS Urban Forum meeting.

• Three-day meet, from September 14 to 16, focused on challenges faced by the cities and the emergence of new urban spaces with rapid urbanisation.

• To learn the best practices of other BRICS countries and adapt them in making their cities smart.

• Andhra Pradesh highlights use of ICT in governance; says Rs.53,000 cr needed for urban infrastructure in next four years

• Agenda: Urbanisation, Financing Urban Infrastructure, Inclusive Housing & Informal Economies, Climate Change, Resilient Water & Sanitation Management, New Towns and Regional Planning and Urban Renaissance

Courtesy : http://www.deccanchronicle.com

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN AP

Visakhapatnam – SMART CITY

• 29.01.2016 : Vishakapatnam destination Smart City having emerged in the top 10 cities from among the 98 in the country in the very first round of Smart City Challenge

• 12.02.2016 : USTDA(Expand) signed a MoU with the Department of Municipal Administration on funding for drawing up master plan for Visakhapatnam Smart City

• 18.02.2016 : Smart City Work Take Off in Vizag Smart City• 22.02.2016 : PAN-CITY cost estimation Initiatives in Vishakapatnam • 11.03.2016 : state government has invited the representatives from

AECOM, KPMG and IBM to kick off the planning for the smart city with a workshop

• 26th June 2016 : CM Naidu announces launch of first Smart City project in Visakhapatnam, with an investment of 1,600 crore under the smart city programme in the next four years.

More details :http://www.visakhapatnamsmartcity.com/smart%20city.html

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN AP

Smart City Projects - Vishakapatnam

• Command and Control Centre : a major, pan city, project costing Rs.141 crore, would be one of the projects.

• New Projects : Housing for all, ICT-based solid waste management, smart metering, solar roof-top power on government buildings and solar panels for street-lighting, 100 per cent house service connections for water supply

• LED Lighting : Smart City now has 100 percent LED street-lighting replacing 94,000 conventional lights and switching on and off and repairs could be monitored through the monitoring system.

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN AP

Denmark help to AP for smart cities

• Denmark, Mariano A Davies informed the Chief Minister that the companies were ready to work with the government in Amaravati development, besides the building of smart cities in the State.

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN AP

CISCO to Help on Smart City

• CISCO Systems would help Andhra Pradesh in developing Visakhapatnam as a smart city

• Work with the state government in digitizing education and healthcare

• Visakhapatnam will first be taken up for development as a smart city among other cities chosen from Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra by CISCO

• To set up a skill development centre and provide training through Global Talent Tracker

Courtesy:http://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/cisco-to-help-andhra-government-on-smart-city-education-projects-736810

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN AP

e-Pragati project

• 'e-Pragati' will be an impact-assessment project which will also use analytics to predict the performance of sectors, health profiles of people, drop-out rate in schools

• Services: include Certificate - Less Government System (CLGS), Mana Rashtram, tele-health, e-education, HARITA, e-Mandi, Citizen Inbox, Digital Literacy, Smart City and Smart Grid

Courtesy: www.businessworld.in

SMART CITY INITIATIVES IN AP

TIRUPATI IN SMART CITY MAP

• Announced by Mr. Venkayya Naidu on 20.9.2016

• TIRUPATI included in Third list of 20 Smart Cities

• Plan outlay 1600 Cr.

– Central – 270 Cr.

– State - 500 Cr.

– Collaboration - Rest

THE HINDU : 21-9-2016 TIRUPATI IN SMART CITY ROAD MAP

Personal Responsibility -Guidelines

• Mindset towards smart city development - Initiative by Educated People

• Formulate Review or study of existing models and come out with innovative ideas or projects

• Promulgate benefits of Smart City

• Support for the House of destitute

• Identify the target opportunity/avenues/Projects for the Smart cityStart-ups

– Industry

– Tourism

– Recreation

– Pilgrimage

– Health

– Education etc..

Contd.

• Investment in ICT enabling in Smart city infrastructure

• Explore the opportunities

– Funding the projects

– People Involvement

– Collaborations with Industry and its involvement

– Identify avenues to Generate Revenue from current Projects for further investment

• Identify appropriate Plans for development to achieve the targets

• Measuring outcomes/Revisit Plans

• Efficient/Strong Leadership

Possible Road Map Plan

• Identify Targets for Smart city

• Possibly address connectivity issues

• Phase-wise planning

• Formulate connected Mega city

References

▪ http://www.smartcitieschallenge.in/

▪ http://www.visakhapatnamsmartcity.com/mission.html

▪ http://www.ap.gov.in/

▪ The Internet of Things: An Overview, Internet Society, October 2015

▪ J.Gubbi, Rajakumar Buyya, S Marusic, M.Palaniswami, “Internet of Things : A vision, architectural elements and future directions”, Future Generation Computing Systems, Vol-29, 2013, pp-1645-1660.

▪ LuigiA, Antonio, “The Internet of Things: A Survey, Science Direct Journal of Computer Networks, vol-54, 2010, pp-2787-2805.

Queries ?

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