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Ions, Ionic Bonds and Metals. Chapter 7. Valence Electrons- Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom VE number = the Group Number of A elements. Ions and Ion Formation. Electron Dot Structures (Diagrams) show the valence electrons ONLY drawn around the symbol of the element. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ions, Ionic Bonds and Metals
Chapter 7
Valence Electrons- Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
VE number = the Group Number of A elements
Ions and Ion Formation
Electron Dot Structures (Diagrams) show the valence electrons ONLY drawn around the symbol of the element.
Electrons only pair after there is an electron on each side of the symbol
Lewis Structures
Remember- Metals give away and Nonmetals take VE
All elements want 8 VE
Bonds occur because of the giving/taking of electrons which result in charges
Opposite Charges attract
Bonding
Octet Rule- all elements want to have 8 valence electrons and will bond to achieve this
Noble Gases- Group 8A= 8 VE Don’t bond because they have already
achieve the Octet Rule
Octet- Rule of 8
Metals- lose VE and gain a positive charge based on number of VE lost
Cations
Nonmetals/Metalloids- Gain VE and gain a negative charge based on number of VE gained
Anions
Meeting the Octet Rule
Cations: Name: Metal Name “Ion” Lithium Ion
Anions: Name: Root Name, end in –ide Chlorine (Cl-) becomes “Chloride” “Halide”- halogen ions
Naming Ions
Electrical Charges of Ionic Compounds is ALWAYS “0” or neutral.
Cations (+) and Anions (-) have opposite forces
Opposites attract and are held together
The electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds are called ionic bonds
Ionic Compounds
Chemical Formula- shows the numbers of atoms of each element in the smallest representative unit of a substance.
Formula Units- the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
Chemical Formula & Formula Units
1.) Crystalline Solid at room temperature Very Stable Structure due to large
attractive forces
2.) High Melting Points- lots of energy to change state of matter
3.)Conduct Electricity when dissolved in water
Properties of Ionic Compounds
When Melted or in Dissolved in Water:
Ions dissociate and exist in a solution + and – charges floating that conduct
electricity
Conducting Electricity
Valence Electrons are mobile and drift freely from one part of the metal to another
Metallic bonds are the forces of attraction between the free-floating valence electrons and the positively charged metal ions.
Metallic Bonding
Ductile- can be drawn into wires
Malleable- can be hammered into thin sheets without breaking
High Melting Point- requires a lot of energy to break the bonds
Metal Properties
Crystalline Structure- compact, orderly, repeating pattern
Metals form crystals in 3 forms: Every atom except those on the surface
have: Body Centered- 8 neighbors Face Centered- 12 neighbors Hexagonal Close-Packed- 12 neighbors
(hexagonal shape)
Metallic Structures
Mixtures of 2 or more elements; at least 1 is a metal
Ex. Brass
Properties are superior to the elements that make it- STRONGER
Stainless Steel
Alloys
Page 214; # 27-51 Write the electron dot structures for:
Li, Mg, Al, N, O, F, Cl, Ne
Identify all possible IONIC bonds
Assignment