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Ionizing Ionizing RadiationRadiation
Locations of ionizing Locations of ionizing radiation in our facilityradiation in our facility
Type, quantity, and useType, quantity, and use
Radioactive material is any Radioactive material is any material that emits, by material that emits, by spontaneous nuclear spontaneous nuclear disintegration, corpuscular or disintegration, corpuscular or electromagnetic emanationselectromagnetic emanations
1a
Restricted/high radiation Restricted/high radiation areas - definitionsareas - definitions
Restricted areaRestricted area
Unrestricted areaUnrestricted area
Radiation areaRadiation area
High radiation areaHigh radiation area
2a
Restricted/high radiation Restricted/high radiation areas - definitionsareas - definitions
Airborne radioactivity areaAirborne radioactivity area
Air doseAir dose
DoseDose
RadRad
2b
Restricted/high radiation Restricted/high radiation areas - definitionsareas - definitions
RemRem
Refer to section on Refer to section on signs and markingssigns and markings
2c
Potential safety problemsPotential safety problems
Exposed personnelExposed personnel
Hazards of the facilityHazards of the facility
Materials handledMaterials handled
3a
Potential safety problemsPotential safety problems
Exposures in restricted areas are Exposures in restricted areas are strictly limitedstrictly limited
Instances where employees may Instances where employees may receive doses greater than those receive doses greater than those permittedpermitted
3b
Minimizing employee Minimizing employee exposureexposure
SurveysSurveys
Evaluation of radiation hazardsEvaluation of radiation hazards
Use, release, disposal, presence of Use, release, disposal, presence of radioactive materialradioactive material
4a
Minimizing employee Minimizing employee exposureexposure
Physical surveysPhysical surveys
Employee participationEmployee participation
Proper storageProper storage
Waste disposal requirementsWaste disposal requirements
4b
MonitoringMonitoring
Monitoring equipmentMonitoring equipment• Film badgesFilm badges• Pocket chambersPocket chambers• Pocket dosimetersPocket dosimeters• Film ringsFilm rings
5a
MonitoringMonitoring
Employees required to have Employees required to have personal monitoring equipment:personal monitoring equipment:• Those who work in restricted areasThose who work in restricted areas• Those who work in restricted areas Those who work in restricted areas
who are under 18 years of agewho are under 18 years of age• Those who work in high radiation Those who work in high radiation
areasareas
5b
Signs and markingsSigns and markings
Radiation areas must have signs Radiation areas must have signs bearing the radiation caution bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words:symbol and the words:
6a
Signs and markingsSigns and markings
High radiation areas must have a High radiation areas must have a sign or signs bearing the radiation sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words:caution symbol and the words:
6b
Signs and markingsSigns and markings
Each high radiation area has a Each high radiation area has a control device that:control device that:• reduces the radiation levelreduces the radiation level• starts a conspicuous visible or audible starts a conspicuous visible or audible
alarm signalalarm signal
Devices are not required for radiation Devices are not required for radiation levels established for a period of 30 levels established for a period of 30 days or lessdays or less
6c
Signs and markingsSigns and markings
Airborne radiation areas must have Airborne radiation areas must have a sign or signs bearing the a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the radiation caution symbol and the words:words:
6d
Signs and markingsSigns and markings
Regardless of designation, each Regardless of designation, each room where radioactive material is room where radioactive material is used or stored in specific used or stored in specific quantities must have a sign or quantities must have a sign or signs with:signs with:
6e
Signs and markingsSigns and markings
Each room in which natural Each room in which natural uranium or thorium is stored in uranium or thorium is stored in specific quantities must have a specific quantities must have a sign with:sign with:
6f
Signs and markingsSigns and markings
Posting exemptionsPosting exemptions• Presence of sealed sourcesPresence of sealed sources• Rooms with patients containing Rooms with patients containing
radioactive materialradioactive material• Rooms containing radioactive Rooms containing radioactive
materials for periods less than 8 materials for periods less than 8 hourshours
6g
Signs and markingsSigns and markings
Posting exemptionsPosting exemptions• Materials are constantly attended by Materials are constantly attended by
an individualan individual• The area is subject to the employer’s The area is subject to the employer’s
controlcontrol
6h
Warning signal systemsWarning signal systems
LocationLocation
Characteristics - must be distinctCharacteristics - must be distinct
Systems are automatic and have Systems are automatic and have their own power supplytheir own power supply
7a
Reports and recordsReports and records
Records of radiation exposure are Records of radiation exposure are reviewed for employees for whom reviewed for employees for whom monitoring is requiredmonitoring is required
Individual exposure is reviewed Individual exposure is reviewed and reported on an annual basisand reported on an annual basis
8a
Reports and recordsReports and records
Employees who leave the company Employees who leave the company can get a copy of exposure reportscan get a copy of exposure reports
Incident reporting requirementsIncident reporting requirements
Requirements for employees not Requirements for employees not covered by the Nuclear Regulatory covered by the Nuclear Regulatory CommissionCommission
8b
Standard operating Standard operating proceduresprocedures
A copy of the standard must be A copy of the standard must be made available to employeesmade available to employees
9a