Ionic and Covalent Bonding

Ionic Bonding

• Give and take electrons• Cation pairs up with anion• + goes with –• Ionic compounds which is the empirical formula• Examples

Octet Rule

• Atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons in order to aquire a full set of valence electrons

Lewis Dot Diagram

• Each dot represents an electron• Examples

Ion Types

• Monatomic ions-

• Polyatomic ions-

Criss Cross

• Balancing ionic compounds with the criss cross method• Examples

Covalent Bonding

Sharing of electronsThey form moleculesAlso can form polyatomic ions

Structural Formulas

• Can use Lewis Dot or Dashes• Specifies which atoms are bonded together– Unshared pairs– Multiple bonds• Single• Double • Triple

Properties of Covalent Bonds

• Polar

• Nonpolar

Predicting Polar, Nonpolar, Ionic

• Use electronegativity difference– 0.4 or less = nonpolar– Between 0.41 and 1.69 = polar– Above 1.7 = ionic

Naming Ionic Compounds

• Metal – Nonmetal– Metal name stays the same– Change the nonmetal name ending to “ide”– Examples• NaCl• Al2O3

Naming Ionic Compounds Cont.

• Metal – Polyatomic– Metal name stays the same– Polyatomic name stays the same– Examples• SrNO3

• Li2SO4

• Transition metal- Nonmetal– Transition metal name stays the same– Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of the transition metal– Nonmetal name change the ending to “ide”

Naming Ionic Compounds Cont.

• Transition metal- polyatomic– Transition metal name stays the same– Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of the

transition metal– Polyatomic name stays the same

• Polyatomic- Polyatomic– Both polyatomic names stay the same.

Naming Molecular Compounds

• The first word does not change.• The second name change the ending to “ide”• Must use a prefix except if the 1st name has one atom. No mono on the 1st word.• Must use a prefix on the second word.• Prefixes

1 mono 2 di 3 tri 4 tetra5 penta 6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa9 nona 10 deca

ExamplesH2O

CO2

Cl4Br7

Hydrates

• Ionic compounds that absorb water• Writing the formula– A dot seperates the water molecule from the rest of the

compound.• Examples

• Naming the formula– Must reflect the degree of hydration• examples

Naming Acids

• Cation is always hydrogen• Anion ending “ide”= prefix of acid is hydro and end “ic”• Anion ending “ate” = suffix of “ic”• Anion ending “ite” = suffix of “ous”• Examples