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Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Ionic Bonding
• Give and take electrons• Cation pairs up with anion• + goes with –• Ionic compounds which is the empirical formula• Examples
Octet Rule
• Atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons in order to aquire a full set of valence electrons
Lewis Dot Diagram
• Each dot represents an electron• Examples
Ion Types
• Monatomic ions-
• Polyatomic ions-
Criss Cross
• Balancing ionic compounds with the criss cross method• Examples
Covalent Bonding
Sharing of electronsThey form moleculesAlso can form polyatomic ions
Structural Formulas
• Can use Lewis Dot or Dashes• Specifies which atoms are bonded together– Unshared pairs– Multiple bonds• Single• Double • Triple
Properties of Covalent Bonds
• Polar
• Nonpolar
Predicting Polar, Nonpolar, Ionic
• Use electronegativity difference– 0.4 or less = nonpolar– Between 0.41 and 1.69 = polar– Above 1.7 = ionic
Naming Ionic Compounds
• Metal – Nonmetal– Metal name stays the same– Change the nonmetal name ending to “ide”– Examples• NaCl• Al2O3
Naming Ionic Compounds Cont.
• Metal – Polyatomic– Metal name stays the same– Polyatomic name stays the same– Examples• SrNO3
• Li2SO4
• Transition metal- Nonmetal– Transition metal name stays the same– Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of the transition metal– Nonmetal name change the ending to “ide”
Naming Ionic Compounds Cont.
• Transition metal- polyatomic– Transition metal name stays the same– Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of the
transition metal– Polyatomic name stays the same
• Polyatomic- Polyatomic– Both polyatomic names stay the same.
Naming Molecular Compounds
• The first word does not change.• The second name change the ending to “ide”• Must use a prefix except if the 1st name has one atom. No mono on the 1st word.• Must use a prefix on the second word.• Prefixes
1 mono 2 di 3 tri 4 tetra5 penta 6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa9 nona 10 deca
ExamplesH2O
CO2
Cl4Br7
Hydrates
• Ionic compounds that absorb water• Writing the formula– A dot seperates the water molecule from the rest of the
compound.• Examples
• Naming the formula– Must reflect the degree of hydration• examples
Naming Acids
• Cation is always hydrogen• Anion ending “ide”= prefix of acid is hydro and end “ic”• Anion ending “ate” = suffix of “ic”• Anion ending “ite” = suffix of “ous”• Examples