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Inxuba Yethemba Municipality-IWMP, First Generation: First Draft Document

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INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY

INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN (IWMP), FIRST

GENERATION DOCUMENT

(FIRST DRAFT)

Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

PO Box 24, Cradock, 5880

1 JA Calata Street, Cradock

Tel: 048 801 5000

Fax: 048 881 1421

October 2018



DOCUMENT INFORMATION

TITLE Development of Integrated Waste Management Plan for Inxuba Yethemba

Municipality, 1st Generation, 2018

REPORT IWMP

PROJECT CONSULTANT IKAMVA Consulting

CLIENT Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

IYMM PROJECT REF No. IYM 02/02/2018T

REPORT STATUS 1st Draft

DATE OF ISSUE 16 October 2018

Review and

Authorization

Initial(s) & Surname Signature Date

Author (s) Thulani Gweje & Odwa Ntshanga

11/10/2018

Reviewer (s) Natalie Pullen 16/10/2018

Authorization Lisolomzi Sogayise

Report Approval Initial (s) & Surname Signature Date

Project Manager



Inxuba Yethemba Municipality (IYM)(EC131) has identified the need to

develop its Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) in accordance with the relevant environmental

management legislation, namely the National Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act No.59 of 2008) as

amended, the IWMP Guideline by the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) and the National Waste

Management Strategy (NWMS). This is the first IWMP for IYM.

This IWMP is intended for use as a sector plan within the IYM, by informing them with regard to the planning and

budgeting of waste management activities. The formulation of the IWMP will ensure that waste management

planning is sustainable, can be implemented, acceptable, and incorporable and most importantly tailored to suit

the needs of the people of IYM, both in rural and urban areas. The IWMP should provide greater integration in

terms of the provision of waste management services as current services do not address the needs of all

inhabitants of the local municipality.

The main steps undertaken in formulating the IWMP included:

Situational Analysis/Status Quo

Gap Analysis and Needs Assessment

Development Objectives, Targets and Policies

Development of Programme, Project and Activities

Communication and Stakeholder Participation

Implementation and Project Activities

Monitoring and Evaluation of IWMP

Final development of IWMP

The Situational Analysis Report forms the platform for the formulation of the IWMP. It included collecting and

evaluating existing waste management information; analysing and synthesising information to identify

deficiencies; in order to plan for the next 5 years in terms of waste management. It provides the context in which

the IWMP falls as well as provides an understanding of the current situation of the waste management within the

IYM.

Information on existing waste management services were evaluated against the waste hierarchy as outlined in

the NWMS, which led to the identification of gaps and needs in waste management within the IYM. Identification

of gaps and needs then informed the desired end state of waste management of the IYM and assisted in

addressing inefficiencies in current waste management practices.

The main problems identified in terms of the current waste management system within IYM are outlined below:

Policy and Legislation –The municipality does not have waste management by-laws.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



Finances and Budgeting – Operational budget is very low and there is poor financial recovery from the

rates base.

Organisational Structure – The waste management organogram for IYM has vacant posts. There is no

designated Waste Management Officer in the organogram. Furthermore, the organogram does not have

designated personnel for waste minimization.

Training and Skills Development – No training and skills development plan could be provided for the

local municipality. There is no item for skills development in the operational budget for waste

management. Extensive training is required amongst the General Workers, Supervisors, Operators, etc.

in waste management.

Waste Information Management – The IYM does not report its waste quantities to the South African

Waste Information Centre (SAWIC). There are no weigh-bridges or access control personnel at Cradock

and Middelburg Municipal Landfills to record waste quantities. The rate of reporting to SAWIC in terms

of waste quantities affects future planning. The information is essential for quality management of waste

and forecasting future waste management requirements.

Waste Minimisation and Recycling – Although there are recycling initiatives taking place within IYM,

there is no separation of waste at source. The current waste management system is less economical

and not environmentally satisfactory.

Local Waste Generation – The majority of the waste is generated within the urban areas which is where

the local municipality provides collection service. Rural areas are currently not regarded as waste

generation centroids and have received little attention regarding waste collection. Pilot projects should be

tested for effective waste management in rural areas.

Waste Collection – The local municipality provides different waste collection frequencies to different

areas. The CBD receives weekly collection, business premises receive xx collection and once a week for

residential areas. The frequency of waste collection is often determined by the capacity of the waste

receptacle, which in turn is informed by the waste generation rate of the particular area/ property.

Transfer Stations – There are no transfer stations at IYM. There are no short term plans for future

transfer station in the IYM.

Waste Disposal – The IYM has two operational municipal landfill sites. One landfill site is at the town of

Cradock and another one is at the town of Middelburg. The Cradock Landfill site is licensed for closure

while the Middelburg landfill site is licensed for operation. Both landfill sites are experiencing operational

issues and do not comply with their license conditions.

This IWMP incorporates the assessment of the current situation within the IYM as it relates to waste

management and practices. It also evaluates briefly the South African waste management issues. According to

information that has been gathered during the status quo analysis phase it is evident that the majority of waste

that is currently generated within the IYM is “general waste”. It has also been established that there are huge

quantities of waste that can be re-used and/or recycled. However, due to the lack of infrastructure and the

necessary facilities this is undertaken at a small scale.



Subsequent to the analysis, a set of goals and targets have been formulated to ensure that the IYM reaches the

desired end state pertaining to waste matters. This set of goals is aligned to particular projects to ensure guided

service delivery.

The IWMP is a living document which has to be reviewed every five years. An IWMP is fundamentally linked to

the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) hence its review cycle should be aligned with that of the IDP process.

Although an IWMP is ideally reviewed every five years, an annual internal update is however encouraged to

ensure that the IWMP remains relevant and effective. A longer review period may result in the IWMP being less

relevant and hence stakeholders losing faith in it and finally not using it.

In terms of the way forward, the IWMP has to be submitted to the Member of the Executive Council (MEC) of the

Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEDEAT) as per Section 11(4) (a) ii

of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act 2008 (Act No. 59 of 2008) (NEM: WA), for endorsement.

The submission of the final IWMP to the MEC for endorsement is dependent on, primarily, the necessary

municipal channels having been followed, in terms of Section 29 of the Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act No. 32

of 2000).

Once adopted by the Council and endorsed by the MEC, regular and on-going monitoring of the IWMP is

required to ensure the objectives of the IWMP are accomplished. Monitoring of the success of projects during the

IWMP implementation phase will ensure that corrective action is taken when necessary. A close down report will

be completed in the year 2023 at the end of this IWMP’s 5 year lifespan. The close down report will evaluate the

successes and challenges associated with the proposed projects.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

DOCUMENT INFORMATION ................................................................................................................................. 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................ 3

LIST OF ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................................... 12

TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................. 14

1. INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING .................................................................................. 18

1.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 18

1.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE IWMP ............................................................................................... 19

1.3. SCOPE OF THE IWMP ......................................................................................................... 20

1.4. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 20

1.4.1. Qualitative Research Method ...................................................................................... 20

1.4.2. Quantitative Research Method ................................................................................... 20

1.5. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................. 20

2. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................................................................... 22

2.1. DESCRIPTION OF POLICY AND LEGAL BACKGROUND ................................................. 22

2.1.1. The Role of the National Government ........................................................................ 22

2.1.2. Role of Provincial Government .................................................................................. 23

2.1.3. District Municipality Role ............................................................................................ 23

2.1.4. Local Government Role .............................................................................................. 23

2.2. SUMMARY OF THE RELEVANT LEGISLATIONS AND POLICIES .................................... 24

2.2.1. THE CONSTITUTION (ACT 108 OF 1996) ............................................................................ 24

2.2.2. THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACT (ACT 107 OF 1998) AS AMENDED ........ 25

2.2.3. THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: WASTE ACT (ACT 59 OF 2008) AS AMENDED26

2.2.4. THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: AIR QUALITY ACT (ACT 39 OF 2004) AS AMENDED 27

2.2.5. THE NATIONAL WATER ACT (ACT 36 OF 1998) .................................................................. 27

2.2.6. THE NATIONAL HEALTH ACT (ACT 61 OF 2003) ................................................................. 27

2.2.7. THE MUNICIPAL STRUCTURES ACT (ACT 117 OF 1998) ...................................................... 28

2.2.8. PROMOTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE ACT (ACT 3 OF 2000) ......................................... 28

2.2.9. PROMOTION OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION, (ACT 2 OF 2000) ............................................... 29

2.2.10. THE NATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY (GNR 344 OF 2011) ............................... 29

2.2.11. THE POLOKWANE WASTE SUMMIT DECLARATION............................................................... 30

2.2.12. NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE PROVISION OF BASIC SERVICES TO INDIGENT HOUSEHOLDS (GN. 413 OF

2011) 31



2.2.13. THE NATIONAL DOMESTIC WASTE COLLECTION STANDARDS (GNR. 21 OF 2011) ............... 31

2.2.14. THE NATIONAL WASTE SECTOR PLAN (GNR.270 OF 2011) ............................................... 32

2.2.15. NATIONAL WASTE INFORMATION REGULATIONS (GNR. 625 OF 2013) ................................. 32

2.2.16. TYRE REGULATIONS (GNR. 149 OF 2009) ........................................................................ 32

2.2.17. NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR STORAGE OF WASTE (GNR. 926 OF 2013) .......... 33

2.2.18. NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR ASSESSMENT OF WASTE FOR LANDFILL DISPOSAL (GR.635 OF

2013) 33

2.2.19. NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTE TO LANDFILL (GR. 636 OF 2013) 33

2.2.20. NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR THE EXTRACTION FARING OR RECOVERY OF LANDFILL GAS

(GR. 924 OF 2013) .......................................................................................................................... 34

2.2.21. DRAFT NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC WASTE COMPOSTING (GN. 68 OF 2014) 34

2.2.22. NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR THE REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED LAND AND SOIL QUALITY

(GN. 467 OF 2014) .......................................................................................................................... 34

2.2.23. THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCIAL INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN, 2018 .............. 34

2.2.24. CHRIS HANI DISTRICT INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................... 35

2.2.25. INXUBA YETHEMBA INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN ....................................................... 35

2.2.26. INXUBA YETHEMBA WASTE MANAGEMENT BY-LAWS .......................................................... 35

3. THE STATUS QUO ANALYSIS REPORT ................................................................................................... 36

3.1. GEOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW ............................................................................................. 36

3.2. DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE AREA ...................................................................... 37

3.2.1. Base Population ........................................................................................................... 37

3.2.2. Age Distribution ........................................................................................................... 37

3.2.3. Gender .......................................................................................................................... 38

3.2.4. Number of Households ............................................................................................... 38

3.2.5. Access to Basic Services............................................................................................ 38

3.3. ECONOMIC PROFILE .......................................................................................................... 39

3.3.1. Economic sectors ........................................................................................................ 39

3.3.2. employment.................................................................................................................. 39

3.3.3. MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME PROFILE ........................................................................... 39

4. WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN inxuba yethemba municipality ............................................................ 40

4.1. SERVICE AREA AND SOLID WASTE COLLECTION ......................................................... 40

4.2. MUNICIPAL BY-LAWS PERTAINING TO SOLID WASTE .................................................. 41

4.3. WASTE GENERATION AND QUANTITIES.......................................................................... 42

4.3.1. Waste Generation Quantities for IYM ......................................................................... 42

4.3.2. Waste Generation By Region ...................................................................................... 44



4.4. WASTE MINIMISATION STRATEGIES ................................................................................ 44

4.5. PERSONNEL ........................................................................................................................ 47

4.6. WASTE RECEPTACLES ...................................................................................................... 48

4.7. FLEET AND EQUIPMENT FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT ................................................... 49

4.8. BUDGET FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT AT IYM ................................................................. 50

4.9. REVENUE TRENDS .............................................................................................................. 51

4.10. PLANNED PROJECTS ......................................................................................................... 51

4.11. TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL ............................................................................................. 51

4.11.1. Treatment ..................................................................................................................... 51

4.11.2. Composting .................................................................................................................. 52

4.11.3. Waste Disposal ............................................................................................................ 52

4.12. TRANSFER STATIONS ........................................................................................................ 57

4.13. ILLEGAL DUMPING ............................................................................................................. 57

4.14. LITTERING ............................................................................................................................ 57

4.15. IMPLEMENTED/ FUNDED PROJECTS RELATED TO WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THEIR

IMPACTS .......................................................................................................................................... 57

4.16. AGRICULTURAL WASTE .................................................................................................... 57

4.17. INDUSTRIAL WASTE ........................................................................................................... 58

4.18. HEALTH CARE RISK WASTE .............................................................................................. 58

4.19. E-WASTE .............................................................................................................................. 59

5. PRIVATE SECTOR PERFORMANCE ......................................................................................................... 60

5.1. DESCRIPTION OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL PRIVATE SECTOR ENGAGEMENT ......... 60

5.2. CONDITIONS FOR PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION ................................................... 61

5.2.1. Current Challenges in Waste Management in Inxuba yethemba municipality ....... 61

5.2.2. Rationale for Private Sector Participation ................................................................. 61

5.2.3. Conditions for Private Sector Performance .............................................................. 62

6. WASTE CHARACTERISATION ................................................................................................................... 65

6.1. OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 65

6.2. WASTE STREAM SURVEY .................................................................................................. 65

6.3. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 65

6.3.1. Practical Waste Characterization Exercise ................................................................ 66

6.4. DATA ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 66

6.5. GROWTH PROJECTIONS .................................................................................................... 67

6.5.1. Population Growth Trends for the IYM ...................................................................... 67

6.5.2. Projected increase in annual waste generation ........................................................ 67



6.6. SURVEY RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 68

6.6.1. Overview of the Inxuba Yethemba Municipality .............................................................. 68

6.6.1. Overview of Waste In IYM ........................................................................................... 71

7. GAP ANALYSIS AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................... 74

7.1. GAP ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS ............................................................ 74

7.2. NEEDS ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................... 81

7.2.1. Collection, Transportation and Disposal Needs ....................................................... 81

7.2.2. Need for Recycling Initiatives ..................................................................................... 81

7.2.3. Institutional and Organisational Needs ..................................................................... 81

7.2.4. Financial Requirements (Sound Budgeting) ............................................................. 82

8. GOALS, POLICIES AND OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................... 83

8.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 83

9. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 87

9.1. OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 87

9.2. WASTE COLLECTION INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................ 87

9.3. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY AND HUMAN RESOURCES .................................................. 87

9.4. DISPOSAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT .............................................................. 88

9.5. FINANCIAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................... 88

9.6. ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ................................................................................................ 88

9.6.1. Funding Options .......................................................................................................... 89

9.6.2. Risks Associated with Funding .................................................................................. 92

9.7. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND DISSEMINATION .................................................... 93

9.8. MANAGEMENT OF ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES .......................................................................... 93

9.9. WASTE MINIMISATION STRATEGIES ................................................................................ 93

10. IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME (2018-2022) .................................................................................... 94

10.1. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN: INXUBA YETHEMBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY ....................... 96

10.1.1. Institutional Matters ..................................................................................................... 96

10.1.2. Minimum Service Standards and Cost Recovery ..................................................... 97

10.1.3. Waste Minimisation, Re-use, Recycling and Recovery ............................................ 98

10.1.4. Landfill Management ................................................................................................... 99

10.1.5. Waste Information System ........................................................................................ 100

10.1.6. Rural Waste Management ......................................................................................... 101

10.1.7. Education and Awareness ........................................................................................ 102

10.1.8. Monitoring Compliance, Enforcement and Remediation ....................................... 103



11. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS ................................................................................................... 105

11.1. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 105

11.2. INCEPTION MEETING ........................................................................................................ 106

11.3. SITE VISITS/INTERVIEWS ................................................................................................. 106

11.4. FIRST PSC MEETING ......................................................................................................... 107

11.5. SECOND PSC MEETING .................................................................................................... 107

11.6. PUBLIC REVIEW OF THE IWMP ....................................................................................... 107

11.7. PUBLIC MEETINGS ............................................................................................................ 107

12. CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD .................................................................................................. 108

12.1. MONITORING OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IWMP ............................................. 108

12.2. EVALUATION AND REVIEW OF IWMP ............................................................................. 108

12.3. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS ................................................................................ 108

12.4. APPROVAL PROCESS FOR IWMP ................................................................................... 108

13. REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 109

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: GOALS OF THE 2011 NWMS ......................................................................................................................................... 29

TABLE 2: AGE DISTRIBUTION OF INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY ................................................................................................... 37

TABLE 3: AVERAGE ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME PROFILE OF INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY ........................................................... 39

TABLE 4: WASTE COLLECTION ITINERARY FOR INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY ................................................................................ 40

TABLE 5: FREQUENCY OF COLLECTION IN IYM MUNICIPALITY ........................................................................................................... 41

TABLE 6: INCOME GROUPS OF INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY ..................................................................................................... 43

TABLE 7: ESTIMATED QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATION PER HOUSEHOLD IN INCOME GROUPS ............................................................... 43

TABLE 8: ESTIMATED WASTE GENERATED PER REGION ...................................................................................................................... 44

TABLE 9: INXUBA YETHEMBA BACK CENTRES INFORMATION ............................................................................................................. 45

TABLE 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT FLEET FOR INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY ................................................................................. 49

TABLE 11: APPROVED OPERATIONAL BUDGET FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR THE 2018/2019 FINANCIAL YEAR. ..................................... 50

TABLE 12: DETAILS OF CRADOCK LANDFILL SITE .............................................................................................................................. 52

TABLE 13: MIDDELBURG LANDFILL SITE ........................................................................................................................................ 54

TABLE 14: PROJECTED POPULATION INCREASE OVER THE PERIOD 2016 TO 2022 ................................................................................. 67

TABLE 15: PROJECTED ANNUAL WASTE GENERATION (STATSSA COMMUNITY SURVEY 2016 GROWTH RATES) .......................................... 67

TABLE 16: PROJECTION OF WASTE STREAM IN TONNES (GROWTH RATE = 1%) .................................................................................. 67

TABLE 17: PROJECTION OF WASTE STREAM IN TONNES (GROWTH RATE = 2%) ................................................................................... 68

TABLE 18: WASTE CATEGORIES BY MASS FOR IYM ......................................................................................................................... 71

TABLE 19: WASTE CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE FOR IYM ............................................................................................................... 72

TABLE 20: GAP ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS ................................................................................................................ 74

TABLE 21: GOALS AND TARGETS THAT THE IYM SHOULD COMMIT TO ACHIEVE .................................................................................... 84

TABLE 22: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS RECORD FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF IWMP FOR IYM ....................................................... 105

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY AS ADOPTED IN THE NWMS (DEA, 2011) .................................................................... 18



FIGURE 2: LOCALITY MAP OF INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY ....................................................................................................... 36

FIGURE 3: POPULATION GROUPS AND HOME LANGUAGE OF INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY (ECSECC, 2017). .................................. 37

FIGURE 4: GENDER DISTRIBUTION (ECSECC, 2017) ....................................................................................................................... 38

FIGURE 5: PHOTOGRAPHS OF BUY-BACK CENTRES/MRF’S .............................................................................................................. 46

FIGURE 6: WASTE MANAGEMENT ORGANOGRAM FOR IYM ............................................................................................................. 47

FIGURE 7: PHOTOGRAPHS OF SOME OF WASTE RECEPTACLES USED BY THE MUNICIPAL HOUSEHOLDS ........................................................ 48

FIGURE 8: PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT FLEET FOR INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY ................................................... 50

FIGURE 9: PHOTOGRAPHS OF CRADOCK LANDFILL SITE .................................................................................................................... 54

FIGURE 10: PHOTOGRAPHS OF MIDDELBURG LANDFILL SITE ............................................................................................................. 56

FIGURE 11: PIE CHART ILLUSTRATING OPPORTUNITIES FOR DIVERTING WASTE AWAY FROM LANDFILL IN IYM ............................................ 69

FIGURE 12: THE TOTAL MASS FOR THE WASTE SURVEYED ACCORDING TO EACH WASTE CATEGORY IN IYM ................................................ 69

FIGURE 13: THE PERCENTAGE OF WASTE PER WASTE CATEGORY IN IYM .............................................................................................. 70



BRR Basic Refuse Removal

CAPEX Capital Expenditure

CBD Central Business District

CBO Community Based Organisation

CHDM Chris Hani District Municipality

CMIP Consolidated Municipal Infrastructure Programme

CSD Community Services Directorate

COGTA Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs

DBSA Development Bank of Southern Africa

DEA Department of Environmental Affairs

DEDEAT Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism

DM District Municipality

DMR Department of Mineral Resources

DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

DWS Department of Water and Sanitation

ECSECC Eastern Cape Socio-Economic Consultative Council

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMI Environmental Management Inspector

FEL Front End Loader

FY Financial Year

GEF Global Environment Fund

GW General Worker (s)

HCRW Health Care Risk Waste

HR Human Resources

IDC Industrial Development Corporation

IDP Integrated Development Plan

I&APs Interested and Affected Parties

IFC International Finance Corporation

IWMP Integrated Waste Management Plan

IYM Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

LIST OF ACRONYMS



KM2 Square Kilometre (s)

LDV Light Duty Vehicle

LM Local Municipality

MAE Mean Annual Evaporation

MAP Mean Annual Precipitation

MEC Member of Executive Council

MFMA Municipal Finance Management Act 2003 (Act No. 56 of 2003)

MIG Municipal Infrastructure Grant

MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

MIIU Municipal Infrastructure Investment Unit

MRF Materials Recovery Facility

NEMA National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998)

NEM:AQA National Environmental Management Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004)

NEM:WA National Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act 59 of 2008)

NWA National Water Act (Act 36 of 2008)

NWMS National Waste Management Strategy

OPIC Overseas Private Investment Corporation

PIWMP Provincial Integrated Waste Management Plan

PPP Public Participation Process

REL Rear End Loader

SAEDF Southern Africa Enterprise Development Fund

SAWIC South African Waste Information Centre

SDF Spatial Development Framework

SMME Small, Medium, Micro Enterprise

SMIF Special MIG Innovation Fund

WIS Waste Information System

WMO Waste Management Officer



TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS

Building and demolition

waste -

Waste, excluding hazardous waste, which is produced during the construction,

alteration, repair or demolition of any structure, and includes rubble, earth, rock

and wood displaced during that construction, alteration, repair or demolition as

outlined in Schedule 3 of the NEM: WA, as amended.

Business waste - Waste that emanates from premises that are used wholly or mainly for

commercial, retail, wholesale, entertainment or government administration

purposes.

Cell - A project defined series of blocks within a waste management area generally filled

with a volume of waste and covered on all horizontal surface with soil (per day).

Communal Landfill - The smallest landfill classification with a capacity of less than 25 tonnes per day.

Composting - The controlled aerobic biological decomposition of organic matter, such as food

scraps and plant matter, into humus, a soil-like material. Aerobic is the

decomposition process in the presence of oxygen.

Controlled Landfill - A solid waste management facility used for the disposal of non-hazardous

domestic waste and non-infectious medical waste, which employs compaction of

wastes, covering of waste with soil cover material, and the management of

leachate and gaseous materials produced by the organic decomposition of the

landfilled waste, all in such a manner as not to harm human health and minimize

negative impacts to the environment.

Daily Cover - A daily application and compaction of approximately 15 centimetres of soil on top

of the solid waste, with the intention to control blowing litter, odour, flies, rats and

fires, intended for an exposure of less than one week.

Design Drawing - Drawings prepared by the landfill designer and include dimensions, specifications

and other technical data regarding the construction of the landfill.

Final Cover - An application and compaction of soil on the landfill after it has reached its

designed elevation. The final cover material shall be relatively impermeable and

have a thickness of approximately 50 centimetres.

Garden Waste - Any organic biodegradable waste material generated from plant material such as

grass, flower, hedge cuttings or tree trimmings.



General Waste - Waste that does not pose an immediate hazard or threat to health or to the

environment, and includes-

a) Domestic waste;

b) Building and demolition waste;

c) Business waste;

d) Inert waste; or

e) any waste classified as non-hazardous waste in terms of the regulations

made under section 69, and includes non-hazardous substances,

materials or objects within business, domestic, inert, building and

demolition wastes as outlined in Schedule 3, Category B of the NEM: WA.

Groundwater - All waters flowing or existing under the ground surface.

Hazardous waste - Any waste, which by reason of chemical reactivity or toxic, explosive, corrosive or

other characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause danger to human health

and/or to the environment, whether alone or in combination with other wastes.

Hazardous waste is categorized in four hazard ratings with 1 being the most

hazardous and 4 being the least hazardous.

Incineration - The controlled combustion of solid waste employing closed combustion

chambers, controlled combustion air, temperature monitoring and control to insure

complete combustion of organic matter with a minimum of undesirable air

emissions and wastewater discharges.

Intermediate cover - An application and compaction of cover having the same functions as daily cover

but applied at a thickness of 30 centimetres, intended to be exposed for a period

of one week to one year.

Landfill Classification - A system for classification of waste disposal site, previously under the DWAF

Minimum Requirements for classifying landfill according to the type and size of the

landfill, and its potential for significant leachate generation; and currently under

DEA Waste Classification and Management Regulations.

Landfill gas - The gaseous by-product of organic decomposition of landfilled waste. Landfill gas

contains significant concentrations of methane gas, which is explosive at

concentrations exceeding 5 percent.

Leachate - The liquid by-product of organic decomposition of landfilled waste or any liquid

that comes in contact with solid waste in a sanitary landfill.

Material recovery facility - A specialised facility that receives, separates and prepares recyclable materials

for marketing to end-user manufacturers and /or recycling companies.



Medical waste (Health

Care Risk Waste) -

Any waste generated by hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, doctor's offices,

medical laboratories, research facilities and veterinarians, which is infectious or

potentially infectious.

Operating Plan - Consists of drawings, descriptions and other documents regarding the operation

of the landfill, placement of waste, building daily cells and lifts, leachate

management, landfill gas management and all other functions related to the

operation of the landfill.

Operator - The person or organisation responsible for the operation of the landfill. The

operator may be the owner, another public agency or private contractor.

Owner - The person or organisation that owns the property and/or facilities that constitute

the Landfill.

Perimeter drains - Open ditches surrounding the landfill installed to prevent surface water from

entering the landfill.

Reclaiming - The separation of solid waste for re-usable and recyclable materials and food for

human consumption.

Recycling - The sorting, processing, and transportation of solid waste materials, products or

containers for the purpose of remanufacture or reuse.

Solid Waste - Waste of a solid nature generated by a person, business or industry.

Solid Waste Management

Facility -

Any facility used for the transportation, processing or disposal of solid waste, and

includes transfer stations, recycling facilities, composting facilities, waste

incinerators and landfill sites.

Sorting - The authorised separation of solid waste materials for the purpose of re-use

and/or recycling or disposal, either at the source of generation or at a solid waste

management facility.

Special waste - A non-hazardous waste, which due to its nature requires special or separate

handling at a sanitary landfill. Special waste includes but is not limited to tyres,

asbestos, demolition waste, industrial sludge’s of a non-hazardous nature, paper

mill sludge, olive oil waste, abattoir wastes and petroleum waste oil.

Surface water - All water in or coming from a water source, which is found on the surface of the

ground, excluding water under the surface of the ground and seawater.

Transfer Station - A waste management facility that provides temporary storage of waste prior to

final disposal and/ or processing.

Vectors - Birds, insects, and rodents capable of carrying disease-causing bacteria, viruses

or fungi from one host to another.



Waste Management

Officer

A person designated in terms of section 10 of NEMWA, (Act 59 of 2008) who is

responsible for co-ordinating matters pertaining waste management in the

municipality.

Water Balance - A method for determining the potential for significant leachate generation, which

includes climatic conditions (rainfall and evaporation) and site condition. It also

provides approximations relating to water use and management at an operation/

facility.

Working area - The area of the landfill where waste is unloaded, compacted and covered. It

generally includes adequate space for several trucks to unload at the same time,

for waste compaction and storage of cover soil.



1.1. INTRODUCTION

In the past decades, waste management planning has moved from being purely based on a remove and dump

system to a more sophisticated Integrated Waste Management (IWM) Planning system based on the waste

hierarchy adopted by the South Africa’s National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS).

The NWMS offers a wide range of options for waste management and also requires translation of its goals and

objectives into practice. These goals and objectives have to be implemented in conjunction with an agreed

action plan. The action plan has to be crafted along the following key elements of the strategy: integrated waste

strategy; WIS; capacity building, education, awareness and communication. The element of education,

awareness and communication include the following:

Waste collection;

Waste prevention and minimisation;

Generation of waste (generation areas and waste stream analysis);

Separation of waste at source;

Waste collection, transfer and transport;

Reduce, reuse and recycling of waste; and

Disposal of waste (as the last resort).

This element involves identification of specific waste minimisation strategies, whether it is separation at source or

at collection. The official hierarchy adopted in the NWMS is as follows:

Figure 1: Waste Management Hierarchy as adopted in the NWMS (DEA, 2011)

Waste Avoidance and Reduction

Re-Use

Recycling

Recovery

Treatment and

Disposal

1. INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING

Mo

st f

avo

ure

d o

pti

on

Least F

avou

red O

ptio

n



Waste avoidance and reduction, which is the foundation of the waste management hierarchy, seeks to prevent

potential waste (recyclables, organic waste) from even entering the waste stream. “Waste avoidance” refers to a

pro-active approach by domestic, commercial as well as industrial waste producers to minimise the volume of

waste, by not creating the waste in the first place. Recycling, which is often seen as the epitome of waste

reduction options, in fact only sits in the middle of the hierarchy. Waste disposal is the last option and the least

preferred practice of waste management (DEA, 2011).

An example of a waste avoidance and reduction intervention at government level was the introduction of a levy

on plastic shopping bags. This initiative spurned the production of better quality bags that people were more

likely to reuse, therefore reducing the number of plastic bags entering the waste stream and damaging the

environment.

An IWMP also requires extensive public and key stakeholders’ consultation. Such consultation is required in

order to facilitate informed decision-making and to build capacity and understanding of the principle of IWM

Planning.

1.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE IWMP

The main objective of an Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) is to integrate waste management into or

within municipal services and respond to increasing level of waste throughout the municipal area. This is done

in order for the Municipality to:

Identify and plan future waste management needs and requirements;

Minimize waste management costs by optimising the efficiency of the waste management system;

Minimize adverse social and environmental impacts related to waste management and thereby improve

the quality for all citizens;

Avoid and minimize the generation of waste within a municipality;

Promote and ensure the effective delivery of waste services: reducing, re-using, recycling and recovering

the waste

Section 11(4)(a) of NEM:WA states that “each municipality must submit its IWMP to the MEC for endorsement

and must include the endorsed IWMP in its Integrated Development Plan (IDP) contemplated in chapter 5 of the

Municipal Systems Act.

In line with achieving compliance with NEM: WA and in giving effect to the primary objectives of NEM: WA, IYM

has embarked on a process of developing an IWMP. The main objective of the IWMP for IYM is thus, to give

effect to the objectives of the NEM: WA and other relevant legislation inter alia, Chapter 5 of the Municipal

Systems Act.

It is also paramount that IYM invests in feasible and practical solutions towards resolving waste management

challenges. These practical solutions should be developed, implemented and monitored adequately.



1.3. SCOPE OF THE IWMP This IWMP outlines integrated waste management for the IYM in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. A

map of the IYM is provided in Figure 2.

In terms of the NEM: WA, as amended, a local municipality is required to develop an IWMP and to submit such

IWMP to the Member of Executive Council (MEC) for endorsement. The contents of an IWMP are detailed in

Section 12 of the NEM:WA.

1.4. METHODOLOGY

The following research methodologies were applied to determine the IYM’s IWMP:

1.4.1. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHOD

Document Review: a thorough review of existing reports was done, such as research studies and other

relevant documents for the purposes of collecting relevant data from IYM.

Site Visits: This activity was done to close the gaps identified in the document review process. The exercise

also assisted in ensuring that there is a proper understanding and visual assessments of waste management

activities in order to make informed decisions. Waste management facilities (landfill sites and materials

recovery facilities/buy back centres), waste generating areas, waste management fleet and equipment were

visited and assessed as part of this activity.

Conducting Interviews: Interviews with senior personnel in waste management within the IYM were

conducted. These interviews were restricted to staff members from the municipality, waste recyclers and

senior management responsible for the function. The purpose was to understand current situation and the

strategy and future plans of the IYM.

1.4.2. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHOD

A document review on the socio economic profile of area was done to extract quantitative data elements to

incorporate into the analysis for waste management of IYM.

1.5. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

In the data collection process for the study, the following were relevant limitations to this study:



All the data presented in this report is limited to the information generated from the interview sessions

with staff members and the few documents that have been reviewed. The other set of data was

generated from the desktop review done with the Statistics South Africa (STATS SA) website (2011

Census and 2016 Community Survey), Municipalities’ websites, Demarcation Board website, etc.

The municipality’s waste management practice was assessed for a single day for each town, thus

limiting the gathered information on the visual inspection of that particular day.

The Waste Information System (WIS) for the municipality is not adequate for use in decision-making

processes with regard to waste management. Accurate data availability would have facilitated a

comprehensive process of accurately determining waste streams for the municipality, etc.



Waste management planning must be contextualised within the framework of national, provincial and local

government regulatory and policy framework. The implementation of legislation is only as good as the

institutional arrangements which are in place to enforce, monitor and report on the particular legislation.

South Africa has a host of legislated acts, policies and guidelines relating to waste management, the most

significant of these being NEM: WA which is now the country’s central piece of legislation dealing with waste

management. This section discusses these Acts, policies, and guidelines thereby providing a context to waste

policy and legislation.

Where applicable it highlights aspects of these Acts and policies which apply specifically to the local government

authorities. This section is not exhaustive but presents the broader legislative framework and highlights the more

important aspects thereof.

2.1. DESCRIPTION OF POLICY AND LEGAL BACKGROUND

2.1.1. THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

The DEA developed a NWMS meant to be a framework for waste management and requires the translation of its

goals and objectives into practice together with short term (five year) priority Action Plans for the following key

elements of the strategy:

Integrated waste strategy;

Waste information systems;

General waste collection;

Waste treatment and disposal and

Capacity building, education, awareness and communication.

The policy covered waste management of domestic, commercial, agricultural, mining, industrial, metallurgical,

power-generation, nuclear, medical and hazardous waste as well as litter. The policy addresses the management

of the entire waste handling process, from generation to final disposal. The policy seeks to encourage among

other things:

Waste avoidance, minimization and prevention;

Recycling and re-use;

Treatment,

Handling, Storage and Final disposal of waste.

2. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK



2.1.2. ROLE OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

DEDEAT, as the provincial Department responsible for environmental management as well as waste

management, has the exclusive responsibility to ensure that local government carries out the functions of refuse

removal and solid waste disposal effectively.

The provincial government is tasked with the implementation of the national waste management strategy and

national norms and standards, and may set additional, complementary provincial norms and standards. The

NEM:WA notes that these norms and standards must amongst other things facilitate and advance regionalization

of waste management services.

The provincial government is also responsible for developing a provincial IWMP. The current provincial IWMP for

the Eastern Cape province is being prepared and has not yet been finalised, as of October 2018. The CHDM and

its local municipalities will have to align their IWMPs to the provincial IWMP.

2.1.3. DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY ROLE

The Chris Hani District Municipality has the following duties:

Ensuring integrated development planning for the district as a whole. This includes the development of a

framework for IDPs and ensuring that IWMPs form part of the IDP process for the district as well as the

local municipalities;

Promoting bulk infrastructure development and services for the district as a whole. The infrastructure

refers to the establishment of regional waste disposal sites and bulk waste transfer stations that can be

used by more than one local municipality within the district;

Building local municipality capacity. Where a local municipality fails to perform its management functions,

the district municipality can enter into a Service Level Agreement with the local municipality to provide

the service for a stipulated period until such time that the local municipality can offer the service; and,

Promoting the equitable distribution of resources between the local municipalities in its area, for

example, ensuring that resources are deployed in municipalities within their area of jurisdiction, where it

is most needed.

2.1.4. LOCAL GOVERNMENT ROLE

Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality is responsible for providing waste management services, which include

managing waste disposal facilities (landfill sites) within the municipal area of jurisdiction. Specific functions to be

carried out by the IYM include:



Compiling and implementing IWMP and integrating the IWMP into the municipal IDP.

Implementing public awareness campaigns.

Collecting data and reporting to WIS.

Collecting waste from waste generators, transportation of waste to waste management facilities and

managing waste disposal facilities within areas of authority.

Implementing and enforcing appropriate waste minimization and recycling initiatives, such as promoting

the development of voluntary partnerships with industry, including the introduction of waste minimization

clubs.

Where possible, regional planning, establishment and management of landfill sites especially for regional

based waste landfills.

The IYM needs to have by-laws which regulate waste management to ensure that there is general compliance

with waste management aspects at municipal level.

2.2. SUMMARY OF THE RELEVANT LEGISLATIONS AND POLICIES

2.2.1. THE CONSTITUTION (ACT 108 OF 1996)

The South African Constitution is the supreme law of the country. All other laws, including environmental waste

management laws, must comply with the Constitution. Any law or conduct that is inconsistent with it, is invalid,

and the obligations imposed by it must be fulfilled.

The Constitution contains a Bill of Rights, set out in Sections 7 to 39. The Bill of Rights applies to all law and

binds the legislature, the executive, the judiciary and all organs of state. A provision of the Bill of Rights binds a

natural or a juristic person if, and to the extent that it is applicable, taking into account the nature of the right and

the nature of the duty imposed by the right.

Section 24 of the Constitution states that everyone the right to:

An environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being; and

to have an environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations, through reasonable

legislative and other measures that:

o prevent pollution and ecological degradation;

o promote conservation; and



o secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting

justifiable economic or social development.

The Constitution imposes a duty on the state to promulgate legislation and to implement policies to ensure that

this right is upheld. All departments of state or administration in the national, provincial or local levels of

government have similar obligations. The principles of co-operative governance are also set out in the

Constitution and the roles and responsibilities of the three levels of government are defined.

According to the Constitution, responsibility for waste management functions is to be devolved to the lowest

possible level of government. Local government therefore is assigned the responsibility for refuse removal,

refuse dumps and solid waste disposal. Provincial government has the exclusive responsibility to ensure that

local government carries out these functions effectively.

2.2.2. THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACT (ACT 107 OF 1998) AS AMENDED

The National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (NEMA-Act 107 of 1998), as amended, gives effect to the

“Environmental Right” of the Constitution and is South Africa’s overarching framework for environmental

legislation. The objective of NEMA is to provide for co-operative environmental governance by establishing

principles for decision-making on matters affecting the environment, institutions that will promote co-operative

governance, and procedures for co-ordinating environmental functions exercised by organs of state. An important

function of the Act is to serve as an enabling Act for the promulgation of legislation to effectively address

integrated environmental management.

NEMA sets out a number of principles that aim to implement the environmental policy of South Africa. These

principles are designed to serve as a framework for environmental planning, as guidelines by which organs of

state must exercise their functions and to guide other laws concerned with the protection or management of the

environment. The principles include a number of internationally recognized environmental law norms and some

principles specific to South Africa. The core principles of NEMA are:

Accountability; Affordability; Cradle to Grave Management; Equity; Integration; Open Information; Polluter Pays;

Subsidiary; Waste Avoidance and Minimisation; Co-operative Governance; Sustainable Development; and

Environmental Protection and Justice.

Chapter 7 of the Act imposes a duty of care in respect of pollution and environmental degradation. Any person

who has caused significant pollution or degradation of the environment must take steps to stop or minimise the

pollution. The environmental impact assessments that are required for the establishment and management of

waste facilities are conducted under this legislation. Section 24 of the Act makes provision for the application and

enforcement of waste management licenses. The duty of care and the remediation of environ-mental damage are



addressed in Section 28 of the Act. The principles enunciated in the NEMA need to inform waste management

decision making and practices.

2.2.3. THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: WASTE ACT (ACT 59 OF 2008) AS AMENDED

The Waste Act covers a wide spectrum of issues including requirements for a National Waste Management

Strategy, IWMPs, definition of priority wastes, waste minimisation, treatment and disposal of waste, Industry

Waste Management Plans, licensing of activities, waste information management, as well as addressing

contaminated land.

The National Environmental Management: Waste Act’s objectives are:

To protect health, well-being and the environment by providing reasonable measures to –

o minimising the consumption of natural resources;

o avoiding and minimising the generation of waste;

o reducing, re-using, recycling and recovering waste;

o treating and safely disposing of waste as a last resort;

o preventing pollution and ecological degradation;

o securing ecologically sustainable development while promoting justifiable economic and social

development;

o promoting and ensuring the effective delivery of waste services;

o remediating land where contamination presents, or may present a significant risk of harm to

health or the environment; and

o achieving integrated waste management reporting and planning

To ensure that people are aware of the impact of waste on their health well-being and the environment;

and

Generally, to give effect to section 24 of the Constitution in order to secure an environment that is not

harmful to people’s health and well-being.

The Waste Act also places considerable emphasis on the development of an integrated waste planning system,

through the development of interlocking Integrated Waste Management Plans (IWMPs) by the provincial and

local spheres of government and specified waste generators. This planning system is the primary tool for

cooperative governance within the sector. Section 11(4) of the NEM:WA, as amended, requires each municipality

to submit IWMP to MEC for endorsement and include the endorsed IWMP in the municipal IDP. Section 12 of the

Waste Act elaborates on the contents of waste management plans, while Section 13 provides the requirements

for the implementation and reporting of IWMPs.



2.2.4. THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: AIR QUALITY ACT (ACT 39 OF 2004) AS AMENDED

The National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (NEM:AQA) as amended, amongst others, provides for

the implementation of a National Framework of national, provincial and local ambient air quality and emission

standards and air quality management plans.

Consideration must be given to the emissions arising from waste management practices, processes and

procedures. Many facets of waste management are associated with atmospheric emissions, for example,

greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide are released from landfill sites.

Part 2 of Chapter 2 of the Act sets out national, provincial and local ambient air quality and emission standards,

Chapter 3 states institutional and planning matters, including a requirement for each municipality to designate an

Air Quality Officer, and to include in its IDP an Air Quality Management Plan. Chapter 4 states that air quality

management measures (priority areas, listing of activities resulting in atmospheric emissions, controlled emitters,

controlled fuels and other emitters). Chapter 5 describes the procedures to apply for licenses for listed activities,

while chapter 7 describes the offences and penalties for non-adherence.

2.2.5. THE NATIONAL WATER ACT (ACT 36 OF 1998)

The National Water Act is South Africa’s overarching piece of legislation dealing with water resource

management. The National Water Act contains a number of provisions that impact on waste management,

including the disposing of waste in a manner which detrimentally impacts on a water resource and the discharge

of waste into a water resource. The Act allows the Minister to make regulations for:

Prescribing waste standards, which specify the quantity, quality and temperature of waste that may be

discharged or deposited into or allowed to enter a water resource.

Prescribe the outcome or effect, which must be achieved through management practices for the

treatment of waste before it is discharged or deposited into or allowed to enter a water resource.

Requiring that waste discharged or deposited into or allowed to enter a water resource be monitored and

analysed according to prescribed mechanisms.

2.2.6. THE NATIONAL HEALTH ACT (ACT 61 OF 2003)

The National Health Act controls nuisance (such as the one which can be caused by waste) and compels local

government to take steps to prevent the occurrence of unhygienic conditions. The implementation of this Act is of

particular importance for local government.



The National Health Act provides a framework for a structured uniform health system within the Republic, taking

into account the obligations imposed by the Constitution and other laws on the national, provincial and local

governments with regard to health services; and to provide for matters connected therewith.

Section 32 of the Health Act (Act 61 of 2003) requires provincial Health MEC to assign environmental health

functions to district and metropolitan municipalities. The definition of these functions in the Health Act includes

environmental pollution control, waste management and water quality monitoring. The National Health Act does

not address the disposal of health care risk waste as such.

2.2.7. THE MUNICIPAL STRUCTURES ACT (ACT 117 OF 1998)

The main object of the Municipal Structures Act is to provide for the establishment of municipalities in accordance

with the requirements relating to categories and types of municipality and to provide for an appropriate division of

functions and powers between categories of municipality. It is one of a set of legislation that is aimed at the

transformation of local government into a more financially sustainable and performance orientated sphere of

government. The Act is aimed at creating the permanent structures mandated by the Constitution, which will

replace the transitional structures created by the Local Government Transition Act. Municipalities are categorised

either as A, B or C depending on the level of development.

Chapter 5 of this Act sets out the functions and powers of the municipalities in accordance with the Sections 156

and 229 of the Constitution.

2.2.8. PROMOTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE ACT (ACT 3 OF 2000)

The purpose of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act (PAJA) is principally to give effect to the right to

administrative action that is lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair; and to the right to written reasons for

administrative action as contemplated in Section 33 of the Constitution; and to provide for matters incidental

thereto.

Administrative law governs the relationships between public bodies, and between public and private bodies

and/or individuals. Many activities which affect the environment, including certain waste management activities,

require authorisation from a public body. Because environmental conflicts may arise during the authorisation

process from the exercise of administrative decision-making powers, administrative law principles are of

particular relevance to environmental law generally, and specifically in the context of the environmental

authorisation requirements stipulated by the provisions of section 24 of the NEMA read with its subordinate

legislation regulating Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).



2.2.9. PROMOTION OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION, (ACT 2 OF 2000)

Closely linked to the notion of administrative justice is the right of access to information. Without access to

information, a person may be unable to determine whether or not his or her right to just administrative action (or

to an environment not harmful to human health or well-being or, for that matter, any other Constitutional right)

has been infringed. The purpose of the Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA) is to give effect to the

Constitutional right of access to any information held by the State and any information that is held by another

person and that is required for.

2.2.10. THE NATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY (GNR 344 OF 2011)

The NWMS is a legislative requirement of NEM:WA. The NWMS adopts the internationally accepted waste

management hierarchy approach. The NWMS describes how the generation of waste should first be reduced. If it

is not reduced it is then to be re-used. If re-use is not possible, then it must be recycled. If recycling is not

possible, waste-to-energy methods should be considered; and disposal should be the last resort.

The strategy defines eight strategic goals with a number of targets, as presented in the table below.

Table 1: Goals of the 2011 NWMS

Goal Description

Goal 1 Promote waste minimisation, re-use, recycling and recovery of waste.

Goal 2 Ensure the effective and efficient delivery of waste services.

Goal 3 Grow the contribution of the waste sector to the green economy.

Goal 4 Ensure that people are aware of the impact of waste on their health, well-being and the

environment.

Goal 5 Achieve integrated waste management planning.

Goal 6 Ensure sound budgeting and financial management for waste services.

Goal 7 Provide measures to remediate contaminated land.

Goal 8 Establish effective compliance with and enforcement of the Waste Act.

The strategy outlines the functions and responsibilities of the three levels of government and where possible, firm

plans and targets are specified. The roles and responsibilities in terms of the NWMS for Local Government

include:

Integrated waste management planning: Local Government will be responsible for the compilation of

general waste management plans for submission to Provincial Government.



WIS: Local Government will be responsible for data collection.

Waste minimisation: Local Government will implement and enforce appropriate national waste minimisation

initiatives and promote the development of voluntary partnerships with industry.

Recycling: Local Government is to establish recycling centres and/or facilitate community initiatives.

Waste collection and transportation: Local Government is to improve service delivery. Private public

partnerships to assist service delivery are encouraged.

Waste disposal: Local Government is to take responsibility for the establishment and management of

landfills sites, and to promote development of regionally based facilities. Formalizing and controlling of

unauthorised waste reclaiming is the responsibilities of the permit holder.

2.2.11. THE POLOKWANE WASTE SUMMIT DECLARATION

A national waste summit was held at Polokwane, in Limpopo Province in September 2001. It was attended by

key stakeholder groups in the waste field in order to jointly chart a way forward in terms of national waste

management. The resultant Polokwane Declaration includes a vision and goal for the management of all waste,

i.e. domestic, commercial and industrial.

Vision: To implement a waste management system that contributes to sustainable development and a

measurable improvement in the quality of life, by harnessing the energy and commitment of all South Africans for

the effective reduction of waste.

Goals: To reduce waste generation and disposal by 50% and 25% respectively by 2012 and develop a plan for

zero waste by 2022.

Key actions in the Polokwane Declaration included the following:

Implement the National Waste Management Strategy;

Develop and implement legislative and regulatory framework;

Waste reduction and recycling; and

Develop waste information and monitoring systems.

While the vision of the declaration remains intact, the timeframes set for the goals for waste reduction have not

been met and are, in hindsight, generally considered unrealistic.



2.2.12. NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE PROVISION OF BASIC SERVICES TO INDIGENT HOUSEHOLDS (GN.

413 OF 2011)

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that indigent households have access to at least a basic refuse removal

(BRR) service. This Policy aligns to existing relevant legislation, as in accordance to 74 (2)(c) of the Municipal

Systems Act, 2000 (Act No. 32 of 2000) poor households must have access to at least basic services and section

9 (2) of NEM:WA (Act 59 of 2008) which stipulates that each municipality must exercise its executive authority

and perform its duty in relation to waste services, including waste collection, waste storage and waste disposal,

by (c) ensuring access for all to such services.

The objectives of the policy are to identify households that can be enrolled for the BRR service, establish bylaws

to enforce tariff policies that will support the BRR service and to raise awareness within the municipality with

regard to correct handling of domestic waste for BRR and the need to minimize waste and recycle.

Implementation plans include each municipality:

Declaring specific localities as the recipients of basic refuse removal services;

maintaining “accurate and updated” registers of indigent people;

taking action in the event of malpractice;

integrating basic refuse removal into “basic indigent policies”;

designating the administration of the policy to the “most appropriate department”; and

raising awareness.

The policy includes a “grid of responsibilities” for each sphere of government and a policy monitoring and

evaluation plan. According to the grid of responsibilities, national government will take responsibility for building

capacity at provincial and municipal level, with provincial government determining municipal capacity and

assisting district municipalities in “drawing up guidelines”.

2.2.13. THE NATIONAL DOMESTIC WASTE COLLECTION STANDARDS (GNR. 21 OF 2011)

The National Domestic Waste Collection Standards aim to provide a uniform framework within which domestic

waste should be collected in South Africa. This came after a consultative process with provinces, municipalities

and the general public in order to redresses the past imbalances in the provision of waste collection services.

The standards aim to guide municipalities on how to provide acceptable, affordable and sustainable waste

collection service to the human health and the environment.

The standards cover the levels of service, separation at source (between recyclable and non-recyclable

materials), collection vehicles, receptacles, collection of waste in communal collection points, and most

importantly the frequency of collection.



Key requirements for municipalities include the following:

Non-recyclable material such as perishable food waste must be collected at least once a week and

recyclable material such as paper, plastic, glass, etc.; must be collected at least once every two weeks.

Municipalities have a choice to provide different types of bins taking into consideration the type of

vehicles they use; however, the bins must be rigid and durable to prevent spillage and leakage.

2.2.14. THE NATIONAL WASTE SECTOR PLAN (GNR.270 OF 2011)

The development of the waste sector plan came as a response to the cabinet's call to all sector Departments to

account for all service backlogs and to develop a plan to address such service backlogs. The Municipal Waste

Sector Plan aims to assist Municipalities to fast track the provision of waste services including the storage,

collection, transportation, recycling and safe disposal of waste. The sector plan has three key strategic objectives

namely; to reduce the amount of general and hazardous waste disposed in the country, to ensure that all waste

is disposed of appropriately and does not damage the environment or human health and to provide adequate

domestic waste collection services across the country.

2.2.15. NATIONAL WASTE INFORMATION REGULATIONS (GNR. 625 OF 2013)

The National Waste Information Regulations came into effect on 01 January 2013. These regulations cover

registration of persons who conduct certain waste management activities and their duty to keep records.

Annexure 1 of the regulations lists activities including recovery and recycling, treatment and disposal of waste for

which the person conducting the activity must register. The municipality has a duty in terms of waste disposal to

land (as well as operating waste recycling or treatment facilities) to report waste types and quantities in

accordance with these regulations to SAWIC on a quarterly basis.

2.2.16. TYRE REGULATIONS (GNR. 149 OF 2009)

The purpose of the regulations is to regulate the management of waste tyres by providing for the regulatory

mechanisms. The regulations apply uniformly in all provinces in South Africa and affect waste tyre producers,

waste tyre dealers, waste tyre stockpile owners, landfill site owners and tyre recyclers.

In summary, the regulations:

Prohibit recycle, recover or dispose of a waste tyre at any facility or on any site, unless such an activity is

authorised by law.



Prohibit the recovery or disposal of a waste tyre in a manner that may or may potentially cause pollution

or harm to health.

Prohibit disposal of a waste tyre at a waste disposal facility, two years from the gazetted date, unless

such a waste tyre has been cut into quarters; and prohibits disposal of tyres in five years, unless these

are shredded.

Provide regulations in terms of tyre producers, tyre dealers and tyre stockpile owners.

2.2.17. NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR STORAGE OF WASTE (GNR. 926 OF 2013)

These standards specify the minimum requirements for waste storage facilities in the interest of protection of

public health and the environment. The standards aim to ensure that waste storage facilities are managed

according to best practise and to provide a minimum standard for the design and operation of new and existing

waste storage facilities.

Hazardous waste storage facilities should be located in areas zoned as industrial zone. Where waste storage

facilities are located in residential areas, a buffer of at least 100 metres must be assigned to the site. General

waste storage facilities must be located in an area that is easily accessible by the public.

The standards also specify design requirements for waste storage facilities. These include access roads and the

specifications of signage at the entrance of the facility.

The standards also require that waste is separated at source into recyclables and non-recyclables. A new

condition for the management of waste storage facilities is the requirement for bi-annual internal audits and bi-

ennial (one in two years) external audits.

2.2.18. NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR ASSESSMENT OF WASTE FOR LANDFILL DISPOSAL

(GR.635 OF 2013)

These norms and standards require the assessment of waste prior to disposal at landfill. The assessment of

waste before disposal must include identification of the total and leachable concentrations of different chemicals.

The concentration of chemicals determines the classification of the waste which in turn dictates the type of

disposal site where the waste can be disposed of.

2.2.19. NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTE TO LANDFILL (GR. 636 OF

2013)

These norms and standards specify minimum engineering design requirements for landfill sites. The design

requirements vary depending on the type of waste to be disposed of at the site.



Landfill sites are designed to comply with one of four designs (Class A – Class D). The landfill design classes

vary in the types of liner used. Class A landfill sites require multiple linings and leachate collection systems

whereas a Class D landfill site is much simpler in design requiring only a 150 mm base preparation layer.

Different classes of landfill are required for different types of waste.

2.2.20. NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR THE EXTRACTION FARING OR RECOVERY OF LANDFILL

GAS (GR. 924 OF 2013)

The purpose of these Norms and Standards is to aim at controlling the flaring, extraction or recovery of landfill

gas at facilities in order to prevent or minimise the potential negative impacts on the bio-physical and socio-

economic environments. It describes how these facilities must be designed, operated, monitored and

decommissioned.

2.2.21. DRAFT NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC WASTE COMPOSTING (GN. 68 OF

2014)

These draft Norms and Standards are applicable to organic waste composting facilities that have the capacity to

process in excess of 10 tonnes but less than 100 tonnes of compostable organic waste per day and describes

how such a facility must be designed, operated, monitored and decommissioned.

2.2.22. NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR THE REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED LAND AND

SOIL QUALITY (GN. 467 OF 2014)

The purpose of these Norms and Standards is provide a uniform national approach to determine the

contamination status of an area and to limit uncertainties about the most appropriate criteria and method to apply

in such an assessment. These Norms and Standards also provide minimum standards for assessing necessary

environmental protection measures for remediation activities.

2.2.23. THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCIAL INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN, 2018

The provincial Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism has developed a

provincial IWMP. The provincial IWMP has not yet been endorsed and gazetted. One of the objectives of the

provincial IWMP will be for all Eastern Cape to align their IWMPs to the provincial IWMP.



2.2.24. CHRIS HANI DISTRICT INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

The CHDM does not have an endorsed and gazette IWMP, as of October 2018. Should the district-wide IWMP

be available during the course of the process, the IWMP for IYM will be aligned with the IWMP for the district.

2.2.25. INXUBA YETHEMBA INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The IYM’s current Integrated Development Plan (IDP) covers the period 2017 – 2022. The IDP notes a

commitment to providing quality and sustainable waste management services to the residents of the municipal

jurisdiction, and includes waste management targets and projects.

2.2.26. INXUBA YETHEMBA WASTE MANAGEMENT BY-LAWS

Chapter 7 of the South African Constitution provides that a municipality may make and administer by-laws for the

effective administration of matters which it has the right to administer and that the by-laws shall not be in conflict

with national or provincial legislation.

This is further supported in Chapter 3: Section 11 of the Municipal Systems Act (MSA- Act No. 32 of 2000), for a

municipality to exercise executive authority within its boundaries to implement applicable by-laws. Section 75 of

the MSA provides for the municipal council to adopt by-laws to give affect and enforce its tariff policy.

There are currently no gazetted by-laws for waste management for IYM.

It is suggested that by-laws be drafted and finalised for gazette. A schedule of fines for illegal dumping or illegal

waste management practices should be included in the updated by-laws.



This section provides an overview of IYM area and the present waste management activities undertaken by the

Inxuba Yethemba Municipality. The section also summarises the demographics of the study area, and then

discusses waste management under the themes adopted in the IYM.

3.1. GEOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW

Inxuba Yethemba Municipality is a category B municipality, situated in the western section of Chris Hani District

Municipality in the Eastern Cape. It is one of 6 municipalities under Chris Hani District Municipality and makes up

a third of the geographical area of CHDM, being the second largest LM in CHDM behind Enoch Mgijima LM.

The municipality is bordered by the Engoch Mgijima LM to the East, Amathole DM to the South, Sarah Baartman

DM to the West and Prixley Ka Seme DM to the North. Nine wards geo-politically divide the Inxuba Yethemba

LM, of which seven wards cover the two urban centres.

The municipality covers a geographical area of 11 663 square kilometers. It compromises of an arable area with

a slope ranging from 0º to 12º. The rest of the area above 12º is mountainous and not arable. Cradock consists

of the urban area of Cradock, Lingelihle and Michausdal while Middelburg consists of the town of Middelburg and

the urban areas of KwaNonzame, Lusaka and Midros. The remainder of the land is mostly commercial farming

area, with small settlements in the rural areas of Fish River Mortimer and Rosmead.

Figure 2: Locality Map of Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

3. THE STATUS QUO ANALYSIS REPORT



3.2. DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE AREA

3.2.1. BASE POPULATION

The total population of IYM, according to Census 2011 compiled by Statistics South Africa, was 65 560 people in

2011. The total population of Inxuba Yethemba Municipality according to the Community Survey 2016 conducted

by Statistics South Africa was an estimated 70 493 in the year 2016. The population grew by an average annual

growth rate of 1.65% between the years 2011 and 2016 and is anticipated to grow by an average annual growth

of 1.1% between 2017 and 2021(ECSECC, 2017). At an average annual growth rate of 1.1%, the population of

the municipality could be estimated at about 72 058 people in 2018.

The composition of the households by population group consists of Black Africans who comprise 60.6%,

Coloureds with a total composition of 26.1%, Whites 12.9% and Asians at 0.5% in 2016.

Figure 3: Population Groups and Home Language of Inxuba Yethemba Municipality (ECSECC, 2017).

3.2.2. AGE DISTRIBUTION

Age distribution is essential in matters related to waste management as it depicts the economically active groups

in society.

Table 2: Age distribution of Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

Age Total Percentage

0 – 14 years 29.1%

15-64 years 64.6%

65 years + 6.2%

Total 100.0%

African 61%

Coloureds 26%

Whites 13%

Asians 0%

Population Groups

IsiXhosa 54%

Afrikaans 44%

English 1%

Other 1% Home Language



3.2.3. GENDER

The gender distribution of Inxuba Yethemba Municipality is 43.8 % males and 51.7% of the population is female.

Figure 4: Gender Distribution (ECSECC, 2017)

3.2.4. NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS

There are approximately 18 282 households in Inxuba Yethemba Municipality, with an average household size of

3.9 people per household. This is a decrease from the previous record of 18 463 households in 2011. In 2015,

the number of indigent households at IYM were 9 360, decreasing from the 11 588 households recorded in 2014.

3.2.5. ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES

a. Access to waste removal

The Community Survey (StatsSA, 2016) reported that by 2016, approximately 13 547 (74.1%) of households in

the IYM were receiving waste removal services from the municipality once a week, and 1850 households (10.1%)

received municipal waste collection less often. The remaining 2825 households (15.4%) either used communal

dumping areas, use their own means or there is no waste disposal at all.

b. Access to drinking water

According to the community survey (2016), 96.7% of households in the IYM had access to piped drinking water

inside a dwelling in 2016 while 3.3% had no access to piped drinking water.

c. Access to electricity

According to the community survey (2016), 96.1% of households had access to electricity for lighting while 92.2%

had access to electricity for cooking in 2016. It is estimated that 7.8% of households use other forms of energy

for cooking.

Males 49% Females

51%

Gender



d. Access to sanitation

Approximately 92% has access to flush toilets, 1.5% use pit toilets, 0.3 use the bucket system and 6.1% had no

access to sanitation in 2016.

3.3. ECONOMIC PROFILE

3.3.1. ECONOMIC SECTORS

The main economic sectors of economy within Inxuba Yethemba Municipality are:

Community Services (58.9%)

Finance (13.8%)

Trade (7.5%)

Transport (5.9%)

Agriculture (5.4%)

Construction (4.2%), and

Manufacturing (3.6%)

3.3.2. EMPLOYMENT

It is estimated that the population of the working age (15-65 years) of IYM is 45 100, approximately 64% of the

total population. In 2011, the estimated unemployment rate was 25.7% approximately of the economically active

(employed or unemployed but looking for work). Youth unemployment at the same year stood at 33.2%.

Employment records for the years after 2011 2016 could not be found.

3.3.3. MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME PROFILE

3.3.4.

Table 3: Average annual household income profile of Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

Source: www.Stassa.gov.za

Income Level Percentage

No income 10.8%

≤R4 800 4.1%

R4 801 – R9 600 6.5%

R9 601 – R19 600 21.7%

R19 601 – R R38 200 22.4%

R38 201 – R76 400 13.5%

R76 401 – R153 800 9.6%

R153 801 – R307 600 6.8%

R307 601 – R614 400 3.1%

R614 401 – R1 228 800 0.8%

R1 228 801 – R2 457 600 0.3%

R2 457 601+ 0.3%

Total 100.0%

http://www.stassa.gov.za/



4.1. SERVICE AREA AND SOLID WASTE COLLECTION The responsibility of solid waste management function within Inxuba Yethemba Municipality falls under the

Cleansing Services Division which is under Community Services Directorate.

Waste collection schedule assists with the routine clean up processes of the local municipality. It further

enhances community trust on the services being rendered by the municipality. This is essential that the

collection plan be communicated adequately by the municipality to the serviced areas. The municipality

provides waste collection services in the two urban areas of Cradock and Middelburg. The waste collection area

is divided into two main areas as follows:

Cradock Area which comprises of:

Cradock Town

Lingelihle

Michausdal

Industrial Area

Middelburg Area which comprises of:

Middelburg Town

KwaNonzame

Midros, and

Rosmead

Rural areas and farms are currently not provided with waste management services.

Waste collection is done 3 times a week in Cradock, Two times a week in Middelburg, 2 times a week at

Debonairs and Shoprite, and once a week in all other service area. The frequency of waste collection is as

depicted in Table 4 Below.

Table 4: Waste Collection Itinerary for Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

4. WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN inxuba yethemba municipality

Day Area

Cradock Area

Monday Lingelihle Section 1, Town, Shoprite, Debonairs, Steers

Tuesday Lingelihle Section 2, Town,

Wednesday Lingelihle Section 3, Town, Businesses, Schools, Shoprite

Thursday Michausdal, Lingelihle Section 4,



Table 5: Frequency of Collection in IYM Municipality

Service Points Receptacles Frequency of Service

Residential Skip Bins Once per week

Business Plastic Bags Twice per week

CBD Skip Bins

210ℓ Bins

5 times per week

Street Cleaning in the CBD of Cradock and Middelburg is done daily during working days (Monday to Fridays).

Based on the findings of the Status Quo Report, approximately 65% of the local households receive at least a

weekly collection service. However, there are frequent backlogs and waste collection service is not provided on

a reliable weekly basis in some areas. This is primarily because of shortage of staff and fleet in the municipality.

According to Statistics South Africa (2016), 44.1% of the local households receive weekly municipal solid waste

removal. This percentage has decreased by 11.5% from the year 2011. The StatsSA 2016 records may refer to

the percentage of local households, which receives reliable and continuous weekly collection as opposed to the

entire waste collection area.

4.2. MUNICIPAL BY-LAWS PERTAINING TO SOLID WASTE As a result of the promulgation of the NEM: WA, the need has been identified to develop solid waste

management by-laws and to ensure that the by-laws covers all aspects addressed and required in the Act. The

municipality currently does not have Council approved by-laws pertaining to waste management.

Friday Lingelihle Section 5, Industrial Area, Shoprite, Debonairs

Middelburg Area

Monday Town

Tuesday Nonzame -4 Rooms, Midros -4 Rooms,

Wednesday Lusaka, Businesses, Schools, Nonzame -2 Rooms, Midros -2

Rooms

Thursday Town, Rosmead

Friday Nonzame -4 Rooms, Midros -4 Rooms



4.3. WASTE GENERATION AND QUANTITIES There are no records of waste volumes/quantities from the collection itenary or the landfill sites at the IYM. The

accurate volumes of waste being disposed of in the municipal area is unknown.

4.3.1. WASTE GENERATION QUANTITIES FOR IYM

The types and volumes of waste generated in the area need to be identified in order for the municipality to be

able to plan for future waste management activities. All municipalities are required by law to determine quantities

and types of waste generated within their municipal boundary. This involves establishing the current quantities of

waste generated, recycled, treated and disposed of. This information can be obtained from the following sources:

Private waste transporters and waste managers: Waste transporters, as well as waste managers of

treatment or disposal facilities keep records of waste handled for billing purposes.

Municipal records: The municipality should keep a record of waste collected as well as waste disposed to

landfill.

Waste Information System: The Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) and some provinces have

developed waste information systems (WIS) which can provide waste data.

There are no records of waste tonnages from Inxuba Yethemba Municipality. The municipality does not record

waste they collect from the households nor do they record waste that enters the municipal landfill sites.

Waste generation quantities have therefore been calculated using population figures and generation co-efficients.

The South Africa State of Environmental Report, 2006 (SOER) calculated waste generation volumes per income

level as follows:

Low income =0.41 kg/ person/ day = 149.65 kg/ person/ year.

Middle income =0.74 kg/ person/ day = 270.1 kg/ person/ year.

High income =1.29 kg/ person/ day = 470.85 kg/ person/ year.

The SOER figures for waste generation are also used in the Department of Environmental Affairs Guideline for

the Development of Integrated Waste Management Plans (IWMPs). Unfortunately, the SOER and IWMP

Guidelines do not define the income ranges for low, middle or high income categories, hence the definitions as

contained in “Income Dynamics and Poverty Status of Households in South Africa”, Statistics South Africa, 2015

have been used. The report has divided annual household income into four income categories:

Low Income: R0–R19 200

Middle Income: R19 201–R307 200

High Income: R307 201 and above



Table 6: Income Groups of Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

The population of IYM per income bracket is as follows:

Low income: 43.1 %

Middle income: 52.3%

High income: 4.5%

Table 7: Estimated quantity of waste generation per household in income groups

YEAR POPULATION ESTIMATED AMOUNT OF DOMESTIC WASTE GENERATED (TONNES)

Per Day Per Month Per Year

2016 70 493 43.8 1 314 15 768.0

2017 71 268 44.28 1 328.45 15 941.40

2018 72 052 44.77 1 343.07 16 116.84

2019 72 845 45.26 1357.84 16 294.08

2020 73 646 45.76 1372.78 16 473.36

2021 74 456 46.26 1387.88 16 654.56

2022 75 275 46.77 1 403.14 16 837.73

Assumptions made to formulate the waste forecast model include the following:

The population ratio with regards to the annual income range will remain constant over this time period;

The growth rate will remain as quoted in the StatsSA 2016 Community Survey for this period.

The total amount of General Waste generated in the IYM was based on the amount of General Waste

disposed of to the landfill sites, and an estimate of the total amount of General Waste removed from the

waste stream by recycling initiatives. The amount of waste generated but not collected or recycled (i.e.

dumped illegally), is considered to be small in relation to the total waste generated. It must be noted that

it is not considered insignificant in reality, as it does impact on the environment and continues to be

addressed accordingly.

INCOME LEVEL PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE INCOME TYPE

No income 10.8% 7 867 Low

≤R4 800 4.1% 2 986 Low

R4 801 – R9 600 6.5% 4 734 Low

R9 601 – R19 600 21.7% 15 806 Low

R19 601 – R38 200 22.4% 16 316 Middle

R38 201 – R76 400 13.5% 9 833 Middle

R76 401 – R153 800 9.6% 6 992 Middle

R153 801 – R307 600 6.8% 4 953 Middle

R307 601 – R614 400 3.1% 2 258 High

R614 401 – R1 228 800 0.8% 583 High

R1 228 801 – R2 457 600 0.4% 291 High

R2 457 601+ 0.3% 219 High

Total 100.0% 72 838



4.3.2. WASTE GENERATION BY REGION

The IYM is divided into three regions, Cradock Urban Area, Middelburg Urban Area and the Non-Urban Area.

The percentage population of the two regions has been used to estimate the quantities of waste which is

produced in each region.

Table 8: Estimated waste generated per region

Year Population Estimated waste quantities

Daily Monthly Yearly

Cradock

2016 39 798 24.6 738 8856

2017 40 236 24.9 747 8964

2018 40 678 25.1 753 9036

2019 41 126 25.4 762 9144

2020 41 578 25.7 771 9252

2021 42 036 26.0 780 9360

2022 42 498 26.3 789 9468

Middelburg

2016 20 274 12.6 378 4536

2017 20 497 12.7 381 4572

2018 20 722 12.8 384 4608

2019 20 950 13.0 390 4680

2020 21 181 13.1 393 4716

2021 21 414 13.2 396 4752

2022 21 649 13.3 399 4788

Non-Urban Area

2016 10 421 6.4 192 2304

2017 10 536 6.5 195 2340

2018 10 652 6.6 198 2376

2019 10 769 6.7 201 2412

2020 10 887 6.8 204 2448

2021 11 007 6.9 207 2484

2022 11 128 7.0 210 2520

4.4. WASTE MINIMISATION STRATEGIES

There are currently no formal waste minimisation strategies driven by Inxuba Yethemba Municipality. The

municipality is planning to run a “Cleanest Ward” competition starting this quarter. It is still in the planning

process and is yet to be finalised.

The IYM is supporting the Middelburg Materials Recovery Facility/ Buy Back Centre which is located at the peri-

urban area of Middelburg. The MRF was funded by the national Department of Environmental Affairs and is

currently being run by a Co-operative.

There is also a private Buy Back Centre at Cradock. The details of the MRF are provided below:



Table 9: Inxuba Yethemba Back Centres Information

Name of Facility Middelburg Buy Back Centre Joker Metals & Recycling

Year of Establishment N/A N/A

Location The facility is located along the R56 Road near the Midros township in Middelburg towards Rosmead.

The facility is located at the Gazania Street on the Western edge of Cradock town.

Types of accepted waste Cardboard, Paper, Glass, Cans, Bottle Caps.

Scrap metal, paper ,cardboard, all plastics, cans

Waste Handling Activities Sorting, bailing, compaction of recyclable materials. Waste is sorted into different categories as per the buyers’ specifications, e.g. Plastic is sorted into PET, HDPE, etc. and colour coded.

Sorting, bailing, compaction of recyclable materials.

Facilities/Equipment on site

The facility is fully fenced, has access control and has adequate structures and infrastructure for waste sorting.

The facility is fully furnished with all the necessary machinery for a small scale buy-back centre.

Source of materials Delivered by IYM truck, local informal waste pickers, schools, bought from Rolfe Laboratories.

Delivered by IYM trucks, local informal waste pickers, and some local households. Also collected from Cradock Landfill Site

Records of reclaimed and sold waste (monthly/yearly

Average monthly records:

Cardboard: 9 000 Kg

Plastic Bottles: 8 000 Kg

Glass: 4 000 Kg

Plastic: 2 000kg

Plastic Tops:250 Kg

Paper: 260 Kg

Steel cans: 180 Kg

Aluminium Cans: 260 Kg

Bones: 180 Kg Total =24 130kg (24.130 tonnes) a month.

Average monthly records are as follows:

Metals=40 Tonnes

Glass- 20 Tonnes

Other waste (paper, cardboard, cans, plastics= 30 tonnes

Total (excluding metals) = 50 tonnes a month.

Challenges/Comments The workers need Personal Protective Clothing and other protective equipment.

The facility supports the local Shelter where the Shelter encourages recycling by exchanging household waste for food.



Photo: Cradock’s Joker Metals Buy Back Centre Photo: Buy Back Centre at Middelburg

Photo: Bailed waste at Middelburg cans and bags (left) and PET bottles (right)

Figure 5: Photographs of Buy-Back Centres/MRF’s



4.5. PERSONNEL

The current (as of August 2018) organogram of the Cleansing Sub-Directorate in Inxuba Yethemba Municipality is provided in Figure 5 below. According to the organogram,

there is a total number of 58 people working under the Cleansing Sub-Directorate. There are currently 25 personnel dedicated to Middelburg and 23 dedicated to Cradock

as shown in Figure 5 below.

Figure 6: Waste Management Organogram for IYM

Superintendent: Cleansing

Foreman: Cradock Foreman: Middelburg

Refuse Removal Street Sweeping Refuse Removal Street Sweeping

Truck Driver X3 Proposed

Additional Driver

X1

General

Workers X10

Vacant General

Workers x7 General Workers

(Street Sweeping) X7

General Workers

(Weed Cutting) X2

Truck Driver

x3

Vacant Truck

Driver X1

General

Workers

(Landfill

Site) X 2

General

Worker-

Vacant

X1 Street Sweepers

X5

Street Sweepers-

Vacant X1

General

Workers

X14

Vaca

nt X1

Director: Community Services



4.6. WASTE RECEPTACLES

Inxuba Yethemba Municipality utilises a refuse bag system in the residential areas and bins at the commercial

areas. The municipality supplies the residents with four bags a month and residents purchase additional bags.

The municipality also accepts any number of bags or bins per household, meaning there is no specific limit. The

bags are placed on the curb outside the property on the scheduled day of collection.

Street receptacles are a combination of plastic containers, steel and concrete mounted bins. Common General

storage containers used in Inxuba Yethemba Municipality are the following:

Metal Bins

Plastic Bins

Plastic Refuse Bags, and

Skip Bins

Figure 7: Photographs of some of waste receptacles used by the municipal households



4.7. FLEET AND EQUIPMENT FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

Fleet is an important element of waste management approach irrespective of whether it is privatized or municipal

owned. Fleet enhances the overall outlook of the waste management in a municipality and it assists in

transporting waste from the households to transfer stations, materials recovery facilities and eventually to landfill

sites for final disposal and landfilling.

As of October 2018, the IYM has a total of five trucks for waste collection and disposal. However, only three

trucks are operational, two in Cradock and one in Middelburg. The two trucks that are non-operational will need

to be sold as scrap and replaced with new trucks.

The municipality is planning to purchase two additional compactor trucks by the end of 2018. As mentioned

above, the landfill sites do not have landfill equipment for recording, compaction and covering of waste. The

landfill sites get assistance from local contractors and the Technical Services Directorate to occasionally clean

illegal dumping sites and to push the waste into one location and compact it. Table 10 below presents the fleet in

possession of IYM dedicated to waste management.

Table 10: Waste Management Fleet for Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

Area Type of Vehicle/Equipment Year of Purchase Current Condition

Cradock Compactor Truck Operational – good condition

Compactor Truck Damaged by fire

Flatbed Cage Truck Operational- good condition

Middelburg Compactor Truck Operational- Good Condition

Flatbed Cage Truck Non-operational

Photo: A compactor truck for Middelburg

Photo: A standing truck in Middelburg



Figure 8: Photographs of the waste management fleet for Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

4.8. BUDGET FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT AT IYM

Budget for waste management has been provided in Table 11 below.

Table 11: Approved operational budget for waste management for the 2018/2019 financial year.

ITEM BUDGET

A. COST CENTRE: CLEANSING STREETS

1. ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Printing R5 000.00

Stationery R5 000.00

Public Transport –Air Transport R6 845.00

Own Transport R13 163.00

Domestic Accommodation R15 795.00

Domestic Food and Beverage R1 580.00

Vehicle Costs R57 915.00

Fire Extinguishers R1 053.00

Vehicle: Driver’s License and Permits R95 000.00

Printing R500.00

Public Transport-Air Transport R6 845.00

Own Transport R13 163.00

Domestic Accommodation R15 795.00

Domestic Food and Beverage R1 580.00

Plastic Bags R473 850.00

Equipment R526 500.00

Maintenance R31 590.00

TOTAL R1 276 174.00

Photo: Compactor Trucks for Cradock, with one (Left) damaged by fire

Photo: An operational Cage Truck for Cradock



The budget did not include items such as staff remuneration and benefits, budget for purchase of additional

waste collection trucks, as well as the budget for upgrade of Cradock Landfill Site which appear in the municipal

IDP.

4.9. REVENUE TRENDS In the last financial year, the municipality generated a revenue of R21 060 000.00 on the function of waste

management. However, their expenditure in the same financial year has not been provided.

It is essential for municipalities to project their revenue by utilizing the formula. The formula used for calculating

or projecting revenue collection in a municipality is depicted below:

Revenue = Amount charged for the service x No. of Households in the Municipality

In the event that the revenue generated is less than the projected income from the service, the municipality

should consider adjusting the rates accordingly or source funds to manage solid waste. The income generated

by IYM can be improved significantly by including other areas like landfill charges, illegal disposal fines and rental

of open spaces.

4.10. PLANNED PROJECTS No planned waste management projects have been confirmed by the municipality.

4.11. TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

4.11.1. TREATMENT

IYM does not undertake any waste treatment processes prior to landfilling. This could possibly be a future

recommendation. Treatment of waste is an important concept that needs to be undertaken as it ultimately results

in a reduction of waste being landfilled. The waste either goes to the buy-back centres or to the landfill sites.

Waste is occasionally burned at the landfill sites. The burning of waste might have serious implications both in

terms of human health and the environment at large and it contributes to the thinning of the ozone layer and may

contribute to climate change in the form of global warming. This is matter that the municipality must deal with

through its legislative approach like education and by-laws.



4.11.2. COMPOSTING

The IYM currently does not undertake any composting. There are also no records of private composting within

the area. Only back yard composting was noted in the residential areas. Being in the dry Karoo region,

composting of garden/green waste for commercial purposes in IYM would not be feasible.

The IYM should take note of the DEA Norms and Standards for Disposal of Waste to Landfill which require that

all municipalities should divert 25% of their garden waste from landfill by 2018 and divert 50% of their garden

waste from landfill by 2023 (DEA, 2013).

4.11.3. WASTE DISPOSAL

Waste in IYM is disposed of at two municipal landfill sites, one in Cradock and the other one in Middelburg. The

Cradock Landfill site is licenced for closure while the Middelburg landfill is licensed for operation in terms of

NEM:WA. Both of the municipal waste disposal sites are experiencing operational problems, but mainly as a

result of a severe equipment and personnel shortages. None of the sites have their waste covered on a daily

basis. Windblown litter, vectors, dust and odours are common concerns in both landfill sites. Major observations

of the sites are presented in Table 12 & 13 and Figure 9 and 10 below.

Table 12: Details of Cradock landfill site

Position of the site The site is at approximately 2.4 kilometres West of Cradock CBD.

Co-ordinates 32°10'14.41"S 25°35'46.03"E

License Status The site is licensed for closure in terms of NEM:WA

License Reference number and

year Issued

HO/A/14/L50/14 issued on 16 March 2015

Access The landfill site is accessed via Celtis Street which joins N10.

Classification G:C:B- (Class B)

Access Control The site has no access control.

Facilities Fence: The site is fenced with a 1.85m razor mesh fence on precast

concrete poles. The southern boundary fence is lying on the ground. The

remaining fence is largely intact.

Access control: There is no gate at the entrance.

Signage: There are no signs.

Guard house/Office/Weighbridge Building: There are no buildings at the

site.

Ablutions: There are no ablution facilities at the site.



Weighbridge: There is no weigh bridge at the site.

Plant/Machinery None

Personnel No municipal personnel are stationed on site. Only informal waste

reclaimers work at the site.

Operating hours No operating hours. Dumping happens at any time.

Sufficient buffer zone There is sufficient buffer zone but the waste is constantly disposed of

outside of designated areas. When waste is properly disposed of, a buffer

zone of 300 metres of more could be available.

Type of operation The site is an uncontrolled dump site, located within an old hard-rock

quarry. Waste is burnt and not covered daily.

Equipment used on site None

Estimated size of the site About 5 Hectares

Estimated remaining life of the

site

The site has enough space for a proper sanitary landfill with a lifespan of

around 20 years.

Separation of fresh and

contaminated water

None

Groundwater monitoring None

Volumes per day, week or month It is estimated that the site receives approximately 753 tonnes per month.

Availability of cover material There is limited cover material on site. Cover material would need to be

imported from other areas.

End Use No end use plan in place yet.

Estimated cost for closure Not yet quantified

Challenges and

Recommendations

The landfill site is not an ideal site for waste disposal as it is not lined and

has no stormwater control. This method should be discontinued. A properly

designed and lined cell should be developed for future waste disposal and

the current disposal area be rehabilitated.

There is no signage, guardhouse, weighbridge, ablutions facilities or

security.

Effective management of personnel is required to control access to the

site, record incoming waste types and quantities, and to effectively manage

the placing and covering of waste

All waste scattered by the wind must be collected and covered in the

landfill.

All incoming waste must be placed only in the active landfill area,



compacted and covered with soil at the end of each day until such time as

the landfill can be legally closed and rehabilitated.

Figure 9: Photographs of Cradock Landfill Site

Table 13: Middelburg Landfill Site

Position of the site The site is at approximately 3 kilometres South of Middelburg CBD,

along the N9/N10 intersection.

Co-ordinates Co-ordinates: 31°31'01.49"S 25° 01'18.78"E

License Status The site is licensed for operation in terms of NEWMA.

License Reference number and

year Issued

HO/A/10/L27/14 issued 24 March 2015

Access The site is located adjacent to the N10 Main Road.

Classification G:C:B- (Class B)

Access Control The site has no access control.



Facilities Fence: The site is not fenced.

Access control: There is no access control

Signage: There are no signs.

Guard house/Office/Weighbridge Building: There are no buildings at the

site.

Ablutions: There are no ablution facilities at the site.

Weighbridge: There is no weigh-bridge at the site.

Plant/Machinery There is no machinery on site.

Personnel No municipal personnel are stationed on site. Only informal waste

reclaimers work at the site.

Operating hours No operating hours. Dumping happens at any time.

Sufficient buffer zone No households within a radius of 600 metres of the site. The

KwaNonzame township is at about 935 metres from the site.

Type of operation The site an uncontrolled dump site, located within an old hard-rock

quarry. Waste is burned and not covered daily.

Equipment used on site None

Estimated size of the site About 5 Hectares

Estimated remaining life of the

site

The site has enough space for a proper sanitary landfill with a lifespan

of around 20 years.

Separation of fresh and

contaminated water

Separation of contaminated and fresh water is not practiced.

Groundwater monitoring None

Volumes per day, week or month Approximately 384 tonnes per month.

Availability of cover material Cover material is available within and around the site for the immediate

future.

End Use No end use plan in place yet.

Estimated cost for closure Not yet quantified

Challenges and

Recommendations

The landfill site is not an ideal site for waste disposal as it is not lined

and has no stormwater control. This method should be discontinued. A

properly designed and lined cell should be developed for future waste

disposal and the current disposal area be rehabilitated.

There is no signage, guardhouse, weighbridge, ablutions facilities or

security.

Effective management of personnel is required to control access to the



site, record incoming waste types and quantities, and to effectively

manage the placing and covering of waste

All waste scattered by the wind must be collected and covered in the

landfill.

All incoming waste must be placed only in the active landfill area,

compacted and covered with soil at the end of each day until such time

that the landfill can be properly designed, lined and have operations

efficiently managed, or the site is legally closed and rehabilitated.

Figure 10: Photographs of Middelburg Landfill Site



4.12. TRANSFER STATIONS

A Transfer Station is defined as a place or facility where waste is temporarily stored before it is transported more

economically to either a recycling center or a landfill. There are no transfer stations within the geographical area

of Inxuba Yethemba Municipality and there is no indication from the municipality that there are plans to establish

transfer stations in the next five years.

4.13. ILLEGAL DUMPING

Cases of illegal dumping have been noted in open spaces in and around the residential areas and other

properties at both Cradock and Middelburg. Technical Services Department assists with the removal of illegal

dumping with their machinery such as TLBs. There are also no penalties or prosecution for illegal dumping.

4.14. LITTERING

Litter pickers (street sweepers) are employed by the municipality to clean around towns and other urban areas.

The frequency of litter removal by street sweepers varies between towns. Streets are cleaned daily in the CBDs

of both towns while township areas are cleaned occasionally (once to thrice a week). Expanded Public Works

Programme (EPWP) workers are used to provide assistance with litter picking and street cleaning.

4.15. IMPLEMENTED/ FUNDED PROJECTS RELATED TO WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THEIR IMPACTS

The IYM currently does not implement waste management projects which aim at encouraging communities to

consider recycling at source and also encourages landfill management and control.

4.16. AGRICULTURAL WASTE

There are various agricultural activities scattered around IYM non-urban area. The agricultural activities are a

combination of livestock, game and crop farming.

Hazardous wastes generated by the agricultural sector include:

Pesticides / Fungicides / Insecticides and Herbicides;



Seed Treatments;

Plants growth regulators;

Empty chemical containers;

Animal manure.

Many empty chemical containers piled on farms are used for secondary activities such as water containment. If

not disposed properly, these toxic chemicals could bio-accumulate in the food chain, and have potential to cause

severe impacts on human and ecological health.

IYM does not collect agricultural waste. Agricultural waste is the sole responsibility of the agricultural property.

4.17. INDUSTRIAL WASTE

IYM is not an industrial municipality. Industrial Waste is not treated or disposed of as part of IYM waste

management. Rolfe Laboratories is the only major company that produces Industrial waste. They hire a private

company for their waste collection services and disposal at a registered landfill site outside of the municipal area.

General waste from the small industries is collected by the municipality as part of the municipal services.

4.18. HEALTH CARE RISK WASTE

Hazardous waste is defined by the National Environmental Management: Waste Act (NEM:WA) as ‘Any waste

that contains organic or inorganic elements or compounds that may, owing to the inherent physical, chemical or

toxicological characteristics of that waste, have a detrimental impact on health and the environment’. Hazardous

waste commonly found in the domestic waste stream includes fluorescent light bulbs, batteries, chemicals and

paints.

Animal carcasses are a form of infectious waste that is produced by abattoirs. National Standards for the

Disposal of Waste to Landfill (DEA, 2013) prohibits infectious and animal carcass waste from being disposed to

landfill.

Health care risk waste is waste that contains infectious agents, sharps, hazardous chemicals or pharmaceuticals,

or is genotoxic or radioactive. Used nappies, needles and medication are all classified as HCRW and are

generally found as part of the domestic waste stream. The main producers of HCRW in IYM are:

Hospitals

Clinics

Surgeries

Hazardous and HCRW should be treated and then disposed of at a hazardous landfill site or a general site if

delisted. There are no hazardous landfill sites within the IYM. There is no HCRW treatment facility in the IYM; the

closest facility is the autoclave in Berlin, East London.

Provincial health care facilities in IYM are serviced by a private company which collects HCRW and transport it to

facilities outside of the municipal area.



4.19. E-WASTE

Electronic Waste (E-Waste) refers to discarded computer parts, electronic equipment, old batteries, compact

fluorescent lamps (CFLs) as well as household appliances. Certain components found within discarded

computers and electronic equipment contain contaminants such as lead and cadmium which pose environmental

and health risks.

The heavy metals found in household batteries, such as lithium and nickel can potentially leach into soil,

groundwater or surface water which ultimately negatively affect the environment and human health. The mercury

vapour contained in CPLs have harmful effects on the environment especially within aquatic ecosystems due to

the fact that mercury accumulates within the fish that passes through different levels of the food chain.

The accidental human consumption of mercury contaminated animals can lead to mercury poisoning. Currently

there are no policies that govern the safe disposal of E-Waste but certain private organization have initiated drop

off receptacles for certain E-Waste. No records of e-waste management could be found for IYM.



5.1. DESCRIPTION OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL PRIVATE SECTOR ENGAGEMENT

The private sector as one of the stakeholders in waste management is an essential element in the analysis of the

status quo in waste management in the IYM. The private sector assumes a number of roles in waste

management and can be involved at various levels and stages of the waste management system.

There is limited information available about the size and contribution of the formal and informal sector in the

waste management involvement at IYM area. Information on the informal sector is very limited except

observations that have been made about its existence with no quantitative data in so far as contribution to

employment, the gross geographic product and its activities in relation to waste generation, collection, transfer,

disposal and treatment.

Private Sector as a Waste Generator: In the normal production and consumption processes of the private sector,

waste is generated. At this level the private sector contributes as a waste generator. The waste that is generated

is either hazardous or non- hazardous type. There is lack of programmes to encourage private sector to adopt

cleaner production practices for the limited number of producers found in the area.

Private Sector as a Waste Removal Contractor: This is an area of great potential for partition of the private

sector, the removal waste from generators and its transfer to disposal site. IYM does not use private sector in

waste removal services. However, other private companies provide their own waste removal services for disposal

at the municipal landfill sites or at other landfill sites outside of the municipal boundaries in the case of hazardous

waste.

Private sector participation in the management of waste disposal sites: IYM manages their waste disposal sites

on their own. There is an opportunity for public private partnerships in the management of a single landfill site,

transfer stations and the regional landfill site in the future.

Private sector participation in treatment of waste at the waste disposal sites: There is no private sector

participation for this function. The municipality is also not doing this function as operations are non-existent.

Private Sector in recycling initiatives: There is an active participation by the private sector in this area within the

municipality. As noted in the previous sections, there are two major players in waste sorting for recycling at

Cradock and Middelburg. The facilities need municipal support for advice in record keeping and reporting. It is

against this background that IYM should increasingly identify a role for private sector participation and improve it

through mutually beneficial relationships.

5. PRIVATE SECTOR PERFORMANCE



5.2. CONDITIONS FOR PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION

5.2.1. CURRENT CHALLENGES IN WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY

Limited coverage: This means that waste collection is entirely limited to the urban commercial &

residential centre and does not extend to rural areas and agricultural areas. This generates less volume

for recycling initiatives.

Inefficiencies in waste management as a result of capacity constraints (in terms of skills base of those

employed). The municipality does not have sufficient or enough equipment and staff for manage waste

according to the waste management hierarchy.

Illegal dumping. This may be attributed to lack of enforcement on offenders.

5.2.2. RATIONALE FOR PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION

The participation of the private sector must also be looked at in the context of the commitments in the Waste

Summit held at Polokwane in 2001. The following commitments were made by the private sector in the summit:

There was a commitment to a process of engagement with government and civil society of partnership

between government and business to achieve sustainable waste management.

Commitment to utilize cleaner production technologies and methods of production.

Commitment to comply with legislation, regulation and standards.

Commitment to meet waste reduction targets as agreed upon in the World Summit on Sustainable

Development, and in addition makes voluntary commitments to exceed the targets.

Commitment to strengthen relationship between government and business-to-business and civil society

by improving and promoting transparency.

Commitment to manufacture safer environmentally friendly products.

Commitment to contribute towards improved networking and information sharing.

Commitment to engage in programmes which promotes responsible advertisement and labelling of

products.



Commitment to promotion of sustainable Public & Private Partnership in order to improve Waste

Management service delivery. The Partnerships will be based on shared responsibility, accountability,

competency, reliable service provision and compliance with norms and standards.

Commitment to promotion of recycling opportunities, which are sustainable and engage in activities that

will grow the recycling industry by 30% by 2012.

These commitments therefore provide basis against which private sector participation in waste management

must be analysed and also provide pointers on the conditions for private sector performance.

The IYM must also take into cognisance the resolutions taken in the 2015 Waste Summit which was held in

White River in Mpumalanga with the theme “War on waste: driving the recycling economy in South Africa”. The

resolutions of the summit were as follows.

i) Resolve the challenges with respect to project management issues between Local and District

Municipalities;

ii) Clarify the roles, responsibilities and the differentiated mandates with respect to waste management

within and between the different spheres of Government and sector Departments;

iii) Consider the provision of accredited training;

iv) Conduct awareness raising on waste management;

v) Review current allocations for waste management services and ring-fence the allocated budgets;

vi) Promote public private partnerships;

vii) Provide clear policy direction regarding waste-to-energy;

viii) Provide consistent support to municipalities;

ix) Involve the youth in waste programmes;

x) Provide accurate and verifiable data;

xi) Establish realistic recycling targets and incentives;

xii) Reciprocate support and cooperation amongst parties;

These commitments therefore provide basis against which private sector participation in waste management

must be analysed and also provide pointers on the conditions for private sector performance.

5.2.3. CONDITIONS FOR PRIVATE SECTOR PERFORMANCE

Awareness: there is a need for overall awareness about the strategy of the municipality, policy and regulatory

framework relating to waste management and initiatives/ programmes of the municipality. Awareness

programmes would have a number of spin-offs including the following:



Waste minimisation initiatives geared at management of levels of waste generated from production

and consumption processes and targeting zero waste.

Cleaner production initiatives relating to adoption of production processes and technologies that

produces less waste.

Responsible disposal of waste that is in-line with the practices of the municipality and protects the

community and the environment from harmful repercussions of irresponsible dumping of waste.

Awareness campaigns led by the private sector from shop floor to top management and with

consumers.

Accountability and transparency with regard to waste generation, transfer and disposal activities

through proper cooperative arrangements with the public sector and communities.

Clear policy and regulatory framework that would define roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders and

regulate their conduct in the waste management system

Capacity: technical and management capacity at the level of the municipality enabling the municipality to

give direction and monitor performance of different role players in waste management.

Clear cooperative governance arrangements with other spheres of government and with other

municipalities geared at ensuring economies of scale when performing functions and when engaging the

private sector.

Returns against minimal risks: given the low-income levels in most households of the IYM that require

municipal waste collection services, services that are dependent on residents paying a fee might be

difficult to launch and sustain. Private operators are interested in generating optimal returns from their

investment within a risk profile that is manageable.





6.1. OVERVIEW

This report seeks to characterize the waste generated in the IYM area in order for authorities to

determine the feasibility and sustainability of a recycling facility or facilities towards the creation of job

opportunities for the indigent communities.

6.2. WASTE STREAM SURVEY

It is essential for the IYM to determine waste streams in order to make informed decisions on matters of

waste management. This enhances the ability to design an efficient waste reduction strategy with a

sole aim of targeting the waste generators systematically. A waste stream survey is an instrument used

to assess materials that are disposed of by both commercial and domestic households in a study area.

This process enhances the WIS and helps in determining the transport system befitting the waste

generated and may lead to reduced volumes of disposal in the landfill site.

6.3. METHODOLOGY

The following main activities have been undertaken in order to generate an informed description and

measurement of the present and potential future waste streams for the study area.

Information gathering: This has included site visits to the municipal landfill sites.

Analysis: This has included interpretation and consolidation of waste information obtained from

the interviews with stakeholders and staff members of IYM.

Synthesis: An informed understanding of the present waste stream for the area was obtained

through comparison of the various data records generated and consulted during this study.

Projection: Based on the outcome of the data synthesis, projections of likely future waste stream

quantities have been made.

Reporting: This document reports on those activities listed above

6. WASTE CHARACTERISATION



6.3.1. PRACTICAL WASTE CHARACTERIZATION EXERCISE

A waste characterisation exercise was undertaken in which grab samples of both domestic and

commercial waste were collected from households and hand sorted into the following categories:

White/Office Paper

Other paper (newspapers, magazines, paper bags, etc.)

Cardboard

Glass bottle

Other glass (e.g. window glass, etc.)

Hard Plastic (plastic containers and other labelled plastic)

Soft Plastic (shopping bags, wrap materials, etc.)

Polystyrene (foam disposable cups, etc.)

Other plastic

Tins/ Cans

Green/Garden Waste

Food Waste

Nappies

Medical waste

Hazardous waste (batteries, light bulbs, etc.)

Electronic waste

Textiles

Other waste (fine material and mixed waste)

The different categories of waste were weighed and defined as a percentage of the weekly total waste

streams.

6.4. DATA ANALYSIS

A total of two data sets were analysed:

Assessment of disposal sites

Population based waste stream estimates. A rough waste projection for the study area was

undertaken using known population data and national average volumes for per capita waste



production. It is acknowledged that analysis of a number of waste quantification methods would

be more accurate than the adoption of only one of these methods.

6.5. GROWTH PROJECTIONS

6.5.1. POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS FOR THE IYM

Table 14 below shows the predicted increase in population for the IYM. These population trends were

used to predict future waste volumes. The annual population growth rate of 1.1% has been used.

Table 14: Projected Population increase over the period 2016 to 2022

Year 2016 (Base Population)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Municipality

IYM 70 493 71 268 72 052 72 845 73 646 74 456 75 275

6.5.2. PROJECTED INCREASE IN ANNUAL WASTE GENERATION

Table 15: Projected annual waste generation (StatsSA Community Survey 2016 growth rates)

Year 2016 (Base)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Municipality

Population 70 493 71 268 72 052 72 845 73 646 74 456 75 275

Waste generated 15 768 15 941 16 116 16 293 16 472 16 653 16 836

Additionally, population growth projections of 1% and 2% have been considered (see Table 16 and 17)

and waste projections made accordingly. These population projections are in line with provincial

projections for the immediate future.

Table 16: Projection of Waste Stream in Tonnes (Growth Rate = 1%)

Municipality 2016

(Base)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

IYM 15 768 15 925.7 16 084.9 16 245.7 16 408.2 16 572.3 16 738



Table 17: Projection of Waste Stream in Tonnes (Growth Rate = 2%)

Area Group

Base

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

IYM 15 768 16 083.4 16 405.1 16 733.2 17 067.9 17 409.3

6.6. SURVEY RESULTS

Waste stream assessment is an important management tool that should be used in the waste

operations and strategic planning of IYM. It should also be used to assist the municipality to prioritize

their waste reduction activities. Waste stream assessment should provide the municipality with these

following benefits:

Identifying the major waste materials and quantities;

Analysing the discovered materials and checking their impacts on the local waste stream;

Identifying specific commercial/ industry types or any other facility that could be used for waste

reduction; and

Assisting in making local educational material that could be used for various campaigns dealing

with environmental waste management.

According to the baseline study undertaken in 2011 and reported in the National Waste Information

Baseline Report (DEA, 2012), South African landfills receive approximately 90% of all waste generated.

While the policy exists for moving waste up the hierarchy away from landfilling towards reducing,

reusing, recycling and recovery, landfilling remains the predominant method of waste management.

Understanding waste composition/ characterisation can help support the waste management hierarchy.

Waste characterisation is based on mass rather than volume.

Data was collected at Michausdal, Lingelihle and town (Cradock) and at Rosmead, Midros/Lusaka and

Middelburg town.

The results of the characterisation exercise, achieved primarily from the Practical Characterisation

Exercise are discussed below:

6.6.1. OVERVIEW OF THE INXUBA YETHEMBA MUNICIPALITY

In summary, IYM has great opportunity to divert waste from landfill for recycling. Approximately 50% of

the waste stream is recyclable and a further 10.5% consists of organic material suitable for composting.



Figure 11: Pie chart illustrating opportunities for diverting waste away from landfill in IYM

The waste stream was divided into 19 categories as mentioned in 6.3.1 above. The category with the

recorded greatest mass was nappy waste, followed by food waste. There is a great opportunity to

support recycling organisations to limit the amount of recyclables going to landfill.

Figure 12: The total mass for the waste surveyed according to each waste category in IYM

Composting 10%

Recycling 50%

Landfill Disposal 38%

Safe Disposal 2%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

kg

kg



Figure 13: The percentage of waste per waste category in IYM

The results of the characterisation exercise are presented in Tables 19 and 20 below.

Office Paper 2%

Other Paper 5% Cardboard

6%

Carton 1%

Glass Bottle 9% Other Glass

0% Hard Plastic

6%

Soft Plastic 5%

Polystyrene 1%

Other Plastic 3%

Cans 3%

Garden Waste 1%

Food Waste 10%

Nappies 28%

Medical Waste 1%

Hazardous Waste 0%

E-Waste 1%

Textiles 8%

Mixed Waste 10%

%



6.6.1. OVERVIEW OF WASTE IN IYM

Table 18: Waste Categories by mass for IYM

Cradock Area Middelburg Area Total (IYM)

Waste Category Michausdal Lingelihle Town Total Rosmead Midros/Lusaka Town Total

Office paper 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 5.6 8.2 9.1

Other paper 9.6 3.0 0.2 12.8 2.1 3.1 3.6 8.8 21.6

Cardboard 6.9 7.2 2.6 16.7 1.6 3.1 3.8 8.5 25.2

Carton 1.3 0.9 1.0 3.2 0.7 1.4 1.0 3.1 6.3

Glass bottle 6.6 18.4 2.0 27.0 1.5 4.4 3.0 8.9 35.9

Other glass (window glass, etc.) 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.7 1.7 1.9

Hard Plastic (plastic containers and other labelled plastic)

4.6 5.5 2.0 12.1 4.0 4.2 3.3 11.5 23.6


2.2 6.5 3.6 12.3 2.2 4.0 4.0 10.2 22.5

Polystyrene (foam disposable cups, etc.) 1.8 0.5 0.2 2.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.7 4.2

Other plastic 6.1 1.8 0.1 8.0 0.3 1.0 2.1 3.4 11.4

Cans/Tins/Metal 2.3 2.6 1.1 6.0 2.7 2.1 1.3 6.1 12.1

Green/Garden Waste 0.0 0.0 1.8 1.8 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.1 2.9

Food Waste 23.6 4.2 2.0 29.8 2.5 5.0 4.0 11.5 41.3

Nappies 15.7 34.3 2.0 52.0 39.5 22.1 2.4 64.0 116

Medical waste 1.2 0.6 0.1 1.9 0.1 0.0 1.7 1.8 3.7

Hazardous waste 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5

Electronic waste 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 2.4 0.6 3.1 3.2

Textiles 5.5 9.1 4.4 19.0 0.9 15.7 0.0 16.6 35.6

Other waste (fine material and mixed waste) 10.6 9.3 5.6 25.5 4.3 9.6 3.4 17.3 42.8

Total (kg) 99.1 104.2 28.8 232.1 64.6 79.9 43.2 187.7 419.8



Table 19: Waste Categories by Percentage for IYM

Cradock Area Middelburg Area Total Average (IYM)

Waste Category Michausdal Lingelihle Town Average Rosmead Midros/ Lusaka

Town Average

Office paper 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.4 2.2 1.5 12.96 5.6 3.0

Other paper 9.7 2.9 0.7 4.4 3.3 3.9 8.3 5.2 4.8

Cardboard 7.0 6.9 9.0 7.6 2.5 3.9 8.8 5.1 6.4

Carton 1.3 0.9 3.5 1.9 1.1 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.8

Glass bottle 6.7 17.7 6.9 10.4 2.3 5.5 6.9 4.9 7.7

Other glass (window glass, etc.) 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.9 1.3 0.7

Hard Plastic (plastic containers and other labeled plastic)

4.6 5.3 6.9 5.6 6.2 5.3 7.6 6.4 6.0


2.2 6.0 12.5 6.9 3.4 5.0 9.3 5.9 6.4

Polystyrene (foam disposable cups, etc.) 1.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.4 1.0 1.0

Other plastic 6.2 1.7 0.4 2.8 0.5 1.3 4.9 2.2 2.5

Cans/Tins/Metal 2.3 2.5 3.8 2.9 4.2 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.1

Green/Garden Waste 0.00 0.0 6.3 2.1 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.8 1.5

Food Waste 23.8 4.0 6.9 11.6 3.9 6.3 9.3 6.5 9.1

Nappies 15.8 32.9 6.9 18.5 61.2 27.7 5.6 31.5 25.0

Medical waste 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.0 3.9 1.4 1.1

Hazardous waste 0.10 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Electronic waste 0.00 0.1 0.0 0.03 0.2 3.0 1.4 1.5 0.8

Textiles 5.7 8.7 15.3 9.9 1.4 19.6 0.0 7.0 8.5

Other waste (fine material and mixed waste)

10.7 8.9 19.4 13.0 6.7 12.0 7.9 8.9 6.6

Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 100 100.0 100.2



As mentioned above, the IYM should look at ways of increased diversion of organic waste and recyclable

material from entering the landfills as this makes up more than half (60%) of their waste stream. About half

of the local waste stream is comprised of recyclable materials.

The greatest categories of waste found in IYM were nappy waste, food waste, glass bottles, textiles and

mixed waste. IYM’s waste stream is then evenly spread between the other waste categories.



Based on the findings of the Status Quo Report, the following gaps and needs have been identified:

7.1. GAP ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS

Table 20: Gap Analysis and Recommended Actions

Waste

Management

Goals

Status Quo Gaps Desired End State Recommended Actions

Waste Avoidance

and Minimisation

There is no waste minimisation

strategy in IYM.

No information is available on public

education and awareness

programmes on waste reduction.

There is no municipal driven or

supported waste minimization

initiative.

No database or records for private

waste recyclers.

Waste minimisation strategy

developed.

Improved awareness levels for

communities and businesses

on waste management.

WIS established.

All development applications

have waste minimisation

strategies.

Garden waste is completely

diverted from being landfilled.

Waste sorting at the landfill

Develop waste minimisation strategy to ensure

waste reduction in generation areas.

Introduce education and awareness programmes

to residential and commercial areas. Clean-up

campaigns must be linked to Waste Minimisation

Programmes that enhance avoidance and

minimisation.

Encourage community ‘waste avoidance’

programmes and activities e.g. school

competitions rewarding resource recovery

initiatives.

A WIS with a database of major waste generators

should be developed and this should be the focus

7. GAP ANALYSIS AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT



Waste

Management

Goals


site is controlled and

formalized.

of initial waste avoidance initiatives.

Introduce and where available, enhance street

clean-up campaigns including in informal and rural

settlements.

Collection,

Cleansing and

Transportation

Waste collection is currently limited to

urban centres and no collection in

rural and farming areas.

Waste collection is not collected

weekly in all areas.

The municipality has a dire shortage

of fleet and bins for waste collection.

Public refuse drop facilities are non-

existent.

All waste generation areas

receive at least once a week

waste collection service.

There is adequate waste fleet

and bins for management

equipment.

Public drop-off centres are

developed at waste generation

areas.

Introduce a pilot project for waste collection in rural

and farming areas.

If the pilot project is feasible, gradually expand

waste collection services to all other previously un-

serviced areas.

A budget must be set aside for waste management

purchase of additional fleet and equipment,

replacement, and maintenance of existing ones.

Introduce public drop off facilities/depots in all

feasible areas.



Waste

Management

Goals


Re-Use There is no composting currently

done for garden waste within IYM

despite the presence of compostable

garden waste and the potential for

composting initiatives.

Re-use of the various waste materials

is very limited despite potential for

reuse based on the waste stream

survey.

Improved awareness and

development of composting

initiatives.

Reuse of other elements of

waste stream.

Development of Waste

Exchange platforms.

Education and awareness campaigns must also

include and encourage composting of other

biodegradable materials at household level.

The municipality must also encourage community-

related initiatives making products out of recycled

materials.

The local municipalities must also encourage the

community-related initiatives making products out

of recycled materials.

Waste exchange platform must be developed

populated, work-shopped and implemented.

Recycle The recycling companies are currently

operating at a small scale, thus

contributing not contributing enough to

the diversion of recyclable waste from

the landfill sites.

Separation at source of waste is not

practiced within the IYM generation

households.

Increased operational capacity

of recycling companies.

Enhanced provision of support

to recycling companies and

initiatives.

Separation of waste at source

is encouraged and practiced.

Office waste separation is

Mentoring and support to the recycling companies/

cooperatives to maximise operational capacity,

sustainability and growth.

Encourage separation of waste in urban and

residential areas. This could be a collaborative

effort with NGOs or companies buying recycling

materials in the Municipality.

Introduce Office Waste Separation at all municipal



Waste

Management

Goals


Office waste separation is not

practiced in IYM.

There are no facilities for waste

separation at landfill sites.

Waste pickers at landfills are not

registered and not supported by the

municipality.

encouraged and formalised.

Public awareness established

to support waste separation

initiatives.

Waste management licenses

are amended to incorporate

waste pickers’ access to the

site.

Registration system

established in all landfill sites

for monitoring of waste

pickers.

and Departmental Offices.

Provide facilities and infrastructure to assist

business, community as well as municipal offices

to undertake resource recovery practices, e.g.

kerbside recycling containers.

A registration facility for informal waste collectors

must be established to ensure proper monitoring.

Treatment There is no solid waste treatment facility

within the IYM

There is no need to have a

treatment facility in the

immediate future.

The Status Quo will remain. No recommendations

suggested.

Disposal All two municipal landfill sites’

operations do not comply with either

DWAF Minimum Requirements for

landfill sites as well as DEA National

All landfill sites internally

audited biannually and

externally audited biennially for

compliance and evaluated.

Ensure that the biannual internal auditing and

biennial external auditing for the landfill sites is

undertaken.

Ensure that both landfill sites have environmental



Waste

Management

Goals


Norms and Standards.

There are no Spotters of hazardous

or medical waste in the landfill sites.

There are no compaction machines

at the landfill sites.

There are no no-site personnel at

the municipal landfill sites.

Recommendations from the

audit report considered and

implemented.

Spotters employed or

designated and provided with

an accredited training to assist

in performing their duties.

Collection and disposal fleet

budgeted for and procured.

Compaction machines are

provided at the landfill sites.

Penalty system for illegal

dumping introduced and

enforced.

Have a continuous training

programme or strategy for

Landfill operations and

management.

monitoring plans and that all plans are

implemented.

Ensure specialised landfill operation and

management training for all personnel operating

the landfills.

Training of spotters in disposal sites and transfer

station must be undertaken.

Operating machinery must be procured and

properly maintained and serviced.

Procurement of new equipment and vehicles for

refuse removal to service additional areas, as well

as for disposal.

Undertake an Airspace Audit for the landfill sites

and make recommendations for future planning.



Waste

Management

Goals


Organogram The current organizational structure

for waste management for IYM does

not support proper functioning waste

management operations. There are

vacancies in the waste management

unit.

Properly structured organizational structure in the waste management unit to ensure that waste management has a high enough profile.

All relevant posts are budgeted

for in the IDP, advertised and

filled.

The IYM must gradually advertise and fill all

vacant posts.

A Compliance and Enforcement Unit must be

established within the municipality. This will not

only oversee public compliance of municipal by-

laws but also municipal compliance with legislative

requirements (undertakes audits or out-source

reviews).

Additional general workers are required to beef up

the waste management Unit. This will also be

important when expanding service areas in the

municipality.

Institutional Matters There are no approved and gazetted

waste management by-laws to

regulate waste management in the

IYM.

No detailed information on the

current status of the equipment used

for the service of waste management

in the municipality.

Waste Management by-laws

are reviewed, approved,

gazette and enforced.

Reports compiled on current

state of equipment and updated

on an on-going basis.

Research and surveys

undertaken to gather relevant

The municipality must have waste management by-

laws which are approved by the Council and

gazetted.

Provide staff training on compliance and

enforcement of waste management by-laws.

Establish a WIS and provide the necessary training

to the operating staff.



Waste

Management

Goals


Waste is not recorded in any of the

waste hierarchy levels in the

municipality.

decision-making information.

WIS established and training

provided.

The municipality must have updated reports on the

current status of their waste management

equipment.



7.2. NEEDS ASSESSMENT

7.2.1. COLLECTION, TRANSPORTATION AND DISPOSAL NEEDS

Population and economic growth are the major drivers of increased waste generation through

increased production, consumption and intensified construction.

No information was provided on the volumes of waste collected by the Municipality. However, an

increase in population and households’ numbers as well as expansion of serviceable areas will require

efficient planning of collection, transportation and disposal. This will necessitate the following:

Additional collection vehicles i.e. refuse collection trucks (size will be determined by the amount of

waste to be collected in each area);

Additional waste containers. Skips will be required in high density residential areas, particularly

areas prone to informal settlements and backyard dwellings.

Recycling skips must also be provided in easily accessible areas;

240 ℓ or similar bins will be required for each of the households. Plastic bags should also be

provided for residential waste separation;

Additional recruitment of and training of staff such as drivers and general workers; and

Budgetary provision must be made for the acquisition of the above-mentioned facilities and training

of workers.

7.2.2. NEED FOR RECYCLING INITIATIVES

Domestic waste constitutes the largest volume of waste generated and disposed of. This is where

recycling and composting initiatives should be targeted.

The municipality must assist in promoting recycling initiatives and the establishment of recycling

companies.

Small scale and communal yard composting projects must also be established and supported by the

municipality. In addition to diverting a certain percentage of waste from the landfill sites, composting

has the potential to lead to job creation and community empowerment.

7.2.3. INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL NEEDS

Waste Management By-Laws: The municipality ensure that waste management by-laws are approved

and gazetted. The by-laws will be reviewed from time to time for relevance.

Training of officials on enforcement and compliance of waste management by-laws must also be

undertaken. Public awareness must be carried out to inform the communities of the by-laws.

Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality-IWMP: Draft IWMP v1

Prepared by IKAMVA Consulting Page 82

Infrastructure: The concern regarding the lack of waste management infrastructure is a problem with

IYM. There is currently insufficient equipment for waste management activities from street bins,

collection fleet to landfill equipment.

Institutional capacity: There is currently limited staff that is skilled in waste management.

Furthermore, there is insufficient capacity in terms of man-power, and the analysis of the organisational

chart revealed that there are staff vacancies. This insufficient capacity may lead to a lack of staff

commitment due to existing staff being over worked.

Recruitment and training: The audit of the landfills in the IYM revealed a lack of capacity of the

operational personnel in ensuring that the waste license requirements are complied with. In addition to

that, there are no operational plans for the municipal landfill sites. A service provider must be

appointed to provide training to operational staff for the local municipality.

The current waste management organogram of IYM is geared towards waste disposal and not

minimisation. There is a need to consider the staffing in accordance with the waste hierarchy and in

consideration of the National Waste Management Strategy.

7.2.4. FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS (SOUND BUDGETING)

The implementation of the IWMP would require sufficient funds for the recruitment and training of staff,

procurement of receptacles, machinery and fleet and construction of waste management facilities,

among others. The implementation of the IWMP should be done in a phased manner, taking into

cognisance the IYM priorities at the time. Additional sources of funding must be investigated,

particularly with, inter alia, the following institutions: Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG), Development

Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA), DEA, CHDM and donor funding.

Tariff structure: The IYM, with the assistance of the CHDM, must ensure that the tariff structure takes

into consideration:

(1) the current situation in the LM,

(2) self-sufficiency and

(3) continued feasibility.

The structure must be reviewed at regular intervals and updated if necessary. The allocation of waste

related funds must go to waste projects and infrastructure.


Prepared by IKAMVA Consulting-Mthatha Office Page 83

8.1. INTRODUCTION

This section of the IWMP focuses on the objectives, targets and policies which the IYM should agree to, and

strive to commit to, covering short-term (0 to 5 years). Please refer to the Implementation Plan of the IWMP

for specific projects to achieve the objectives outlined in this section, as well as responsibilities for

implementation. The report is informed by the Status Quo and Gap Analysis and Needs Assessment Report.

The review of this IWMP should be done against the agreed objectives and targets.

The overarching waste management objectives for the IYM should include the following:

Waste Management by-laws and standards to be effectively developed, implemented and enforced.

A reduction in the volume of waste stream through the supporting strategy for the waste recycling

programmes;

Provision of efficient and economical refuse collection, recycling and disposal services; and

Provision of fleet for the efficient transportation of waste generated in the IYM, which will ultimately be

transported to the landfill site.

8. GOALS, POLICIES AND OBJECTIVES



Table 21: Goals and Targets that the IYM should commit to achieve

Objectives Targets

Goal 1: Institutional and Planning Matters

Ensure sufficient institutional capacity for both human and

financial resources to address integrated waste management.

Designation of a waste management officer (WMOs) by 2019.

Implementation of IWMP from 2019.

Ensure the inclusion of IWMP in IDP before the end of 2019.

Goal 2: Minimum Service Standards and Cost Recovery

Establish minimum service standards Adopt the National Domestic Waste Collection Standards by the end of 2019.

Achieve 100% waste collection services at the minimum service levels in urban areas by 2021.

Improve waste collection services delivered at the minimum service level in rural and farming areas.

Cost recovery of waste management services Service fee collection needs to cover at least 70% of the waste management operation cost by 2021.

Adopt and implement the tariff model developed by DEA by 2021.

Goal 3: Minimisation, Re-use, Recycling and Recovery of Waste

Increase re-use, recovery and recycling of waste to ultimately,

reduce the disposal of waste to landfill sites

Increase the re-use, recovery and/or recycling of waste by at least 5% by 2020.

Initiate at a pilot programme for the separation of waste at source by 2020.

Initiate programmes for the separation of waste at source Establish a local recycling forum by 2020

Engage in district-wide and provincial waste management forums Participation of WMO at district and provincial waste management forums.

Support the formalisation of waste recycling practices Formalise at least one waste recycling initiatives, practices and/or structure, with community



involvement.

Goal 4: Landfill Management

Support the establishment of a regional landfill site for the

medium to long term.

Engage with CHDM and the neighbouring municipalities for the establishment of a regional landfill site.

Formulate long-term phase out and closure strategy for one of

the municipal landfill sites in order to have one landfill site to

cater for all municipal households.

Strive to improve the operation of the landfill sites in line with minimum standards/requirements and

waste management licence conditions.

Goal 5: Waste Information System

Verification of information before submission to the WIS to

ensure the accuracy of the information gathered.

Registration of all waste management activities outlined in the Waste Information Regulations by 2020.

Reporting of all registered waste management facilities as required by 2020.

Development of waste transporters register Establish a waste transporters register by 2020.

Goal 6: Rural Waste Management

Extend waste management services to rural and farming areas

(waste collection, transportation and disposal, at a minimum)

Identify and address possible areas for a pilot project where there are sufficient volumes of uncollected

waste that create problems.

Goal 7: Education and Awareness

Increase awareness of waste management among members of

the general public.

Create awareness of integrated waste management with the general public including youth and school

children by increasing the use of social media, community radios, print, etc.

Build capacity at the ward level. Increase in awareness of waste management of municipal officials.

Development and attendance of training courses



Creating and filling of posts where required.

Increase awareness and capacity with regard to the re-use,

recycling and recovery of waste.

An increase in awareness of the re-use, recycling and recovery of waste in the general public and

municipal structures.

Raise awareness of industries about the need to develop industry

waste management plans.

An increase in awareness of industries about the need to develop industry waste management plans.

Goal 8: Monitoring compliance, enforcement and remediation

Monitor waste management services at a local authority level Ensure that waste audits are performed, in association with CHDM, on waste management services

rendered.

Compliance and enforcement with the waste management

licence conditions

Ensure compliance of operations at all waste management facilities with the conditions of waste

management licences on an annual basis.

Monitor the closure and rehabilitation of Cradock landfill site. Monitor compliance with the closure and rehabilitation conditions of waste management licence.

Monitoring of IWMP obligations Monitor the implementation of IWMP annually.

Identify non-compliances and problem areas Address non-compliances

Follow-up/intervene where required for non-compliances.

Remediation of contaminated land Do an analysis to determine if there are any contaminated land

Monitor progress of remediation of contaminated land.



9.1. OVERVIEW

This chapter seeks to outline recommendations and an implementation programme for consideration by the

IYM. These recommendations should be aligned to the IDP of the IYM for effective implementation. The

recommendations have been outlined along the eight (8) focus areas for ease of reference and to properly

guide the implementation process.

9.2. WASTE COLLECTION INFRASTRUCTURE

This aspect relates to the fleet for waste management. IYM does not have sufficient fleet and infrastructure

for effective waste management.

Due to the small quantities of waste produced within the rural areas, the removal of waste from the individual

households, however, still remains the responsibility of each individual as no formal collection is conducted

in these areas by the LMs. This situation is not ideal due to the fact that non-removal of waste may pose a

health risk and lead to illegal dumping at more convenient locations throughout the settlements. To this end,

it is recommended that the IYM plan for the provision of skip bins in the un-serviced areas where waste

generation seems higher.

If the IYM wants to expand their service areas, the following aspects should be taken into consideration:

Purchase additional fleet which can be solely dedicated to waste management;

Sell fleet which is no longer useful or is problematic;

Continuously assess the fleet and in line with resolutions on extending the service coverage.

Ensure that all waste receptacles in town are at least 100m apart from each other. This can be

undertaken in order to comply with the norms and standards for waste management.

9.3. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY AND HUMAN RESOURCES

This aspect involves the identification of human resource shortcomings and alteration to employee

structures. The following is therefore recommended for IYM:

The CSD should review its organogram with a view of strengthening the waste management function.

The Unit should develop by-laws, have synthesis of the WIS and interaction with private sector in the

municipal area.

9. RECOMMENDATIONS



The current staff members should be trained continuously on the function in order for them to perform

better. This would help them to understand various forms of waste and report any wrong-doing to the

authorities.

9.4. DISPOSAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

This area relates to the development, upgrading and legalization of disposal infrastructure. This includes the

identification of new infrastructure where required, the upgrading of the current infrastructure as well as the

improvement of management practices at the various locations. The following is recommended for the IYM:

Develop a new landfill site at Cradock.

Decommission and rehabilitate the current municipal landfill site at Cradock.

Improve access control in both Middelburg and Cradock landfill sites avoid indiscriminate disposal,

scattering of waste outside of the site, entry after hours and disposal of unsuitable materials; and

Improve signage within the landfill sites

9.5. FINANCIAL RESOURCES

This aspect relates to existing and required financial structures and strategies. The IYM, with support from

CHDM, should consider the following:

A pre-paid system for waste management wherein a voucher system can be devised for private

disposers.

Tariffs for private disposers should be determined and standardized.

Ensure continuous improvement of rate payer numbers every year in order to generate more revenue.

9.6. ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS

Financing of waste management services is dependent on accurate costing of the required services. The full

cost of waste service provision is seldom understood by both municipal officials as well as the general public.

This results in waste management services often being under budgeted and/or communities’ reluctance to

pay the rightful cost of the service. Tariffs have the potential to fully cover the costs of providing the services,

but the charges are often set below actual costs. Below are some of the interventions that can be

implemented.

Undertake a full cost accounting exercise for waste management services to include aspects of

collection, transportation, landfill, street cleansing, fee collection, debt payment and depreciation.

Implementing recycling programmes will reduce the disposal costs and generate revenue for the



municipality. The cost accounting exercise referred to above could include the costs of recycling

programmes against their gains in terms of real monetary returns as well as cost savings relating to

increased landfill life span through saved air space.

Increasing the service charges to correlate with the actual costs may be a challenge to low income

groups, given the current backlog specifically to those areas. The concept of Pay-As-You-Throw may

then be a better approach, where the service charge is proportional to the waste produced per

household. The IYM with assistance from the CHDM, should investigate this option.

The financial needs for a complete waste management system include the following:

Human resources – salaries, pensions, medical aid contributions;

Development of primary and secondary infrastructure for waste management including:

- Development of a WIS;

- Waste collection services to all un-serviced areas;

- Recycling facilities;

- Waste treatment facilities e.g. composting facilities;

- Transfer stations and MRFs;

- Landfill site development (new landfill site for Cradock, rehabilitation of illegal waste dumps and

closure of the current operational Cradock landfill site which is a health and environmental hazard;

Equipment for operations of waste management services;

Additional surveys or studies (e.g. feasibility studies, EIAs for specific infrastructure for waste

management;

Awareness, capacity building, training and skills development; and

Plans, projects, programmes i.e. the implementation of the IWMP; etc.

The implementation of this IWMP can necessitate both capital and operational costs which can be funded

through potential avenues listed in the table below. The sources listed below are not exhaustive. Further, it

must be recognised that some sources could provide financing for project planning, while others may be

suited to project implementation.

9.6.1. FUNDING OPTIONS

LOCAL FUNDING SOURCES

The Municipal Infrastructure Investment Unit (MIIU), a source for support for municipalities which

are committed to investigating Municipal Service Partnerships

The DBSA, willing to finance a portion of solid waste facilities

MIG funding. This funding will be geared towards landfill construction.



Special MIG Innovation Fund (SMIF) has been established to encourage and support innovative

projects in municipalities.

The SMIF has been established to:

Actively support innovation in local government.

Enable municipalities to implement projects that are linked to, but not currently part of, their

IDPs.

Identify cutting edge projects that carry acceptable levels of risk and which will result in

sustainable benefits in the municipal area.

Encourage municipalities to work more effectively with a wide range of stakeholders, including

the private sector (corporates and Small, Medium, Micro Enterprises (SMMEs)), Community

Based Organisations (CBOs), organised labour and other spheres of government.

Facilitate lesson-learning and knowledge sharing across projects, to enable successful

innovations to be replicated and policy and procedures to be informed by outcomes on the

ground.

Promote a culture of pride and confidence in the ability of South Africans, and the public

sector in particular, to innovate and create a better life for all South Africans

The Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) publicly committed to funding infrastructure projects

Capital Expenditure Programme (CAPEX), which finances capital projects such as the development

of buy-back centres.

The South Africa Infrastructure Fund, which is composed of numerous insurance and pension fund

members, with an interest in funding infrastructure projects in South Africa.

Black Empowerment Groups (investment groups).

Companies with international affiliations, which may have access to greater and/or lower cost

capital through their international partners.

Department of Trade and Industry / Department of Transport, through the Spatial Development

Initiative, may provide support to initiatives which can encourage direct foreign investment.

DEA through its social responsibility funding programme

GOVERNMENT FUNDING SOURCES

Equitable Share Grant: The Equitable Share Grant from National Government is provided in support

of the accelerated implementation of free basic services to poor households. All municipalities are

therefore being pressurised by National Government to prioritise the provision of free basic services to

poor households, including better targeting and performance reporting.

MIG: According to National Treasury, the MIG complements the equitable share allocations to give



effect to national objectives to:

Expand the delivery of basic services to all households, including the delivery of free basic services to

poor households and other poverty alleviating objectives; and stimulate local economic development

and job creation over the medium term.

Municipalities are also required to use their capital budgets to promote labour-based infrastructure

methods (Expanded Public Works Programme) for projects where this is appropriate. In direct contrast

with the former Consolidated Municipal Infrastructure Programme (CMIP) funding, the MIG does not

fund specific projects, but is designed to complement the capital budget of a Municipality. Reporting

on MIG therefore focuses on the entire capital budget of a municipality.

The Chris Hani District Municipality has a responsibility to ensure that low capacity local municipalities

such as IYM are supported in their applications for MIG funds, and that they will comply with the

requirements of the Municipal Finance Management Act 2003 (Act No. 56 of 2003) (MFMA) and the

2005 Division of Revenue Bill in terms of budgeting. Section 37(2) enables municipalities to receive

MIG funding provided that they prepare sector plans showing how backlogs are being addressed

relating to the key sectors such as electricity, water, sanitation, waste removal, roads and transport.

Capacity Building and Restructuring Grant The capacity building grants were set up to assist

municipalities in improving management, planning, technical and financial management skills and

capacity for effective service delivery, with the major portions of grants flowing directly to

municipalities. The following programmes are being supported from this grant:

Financial Management Grant;

Municipal Systems Improvement Programmes; and

Restructuring Grant.

INTERNATIONAL FUNDING SOURCES

International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, a private sector division

which finances private sector projects in developing countries and helps companies to access

financing in international markets. It promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing

countries as a way to reduce poverty and improve people’s lives

The Southern Africa Enterprise Development Fund (SAEDF), which is a U.S. Government funded,

privately managed venture capital fund, which takes an equity position of up to 25% in its investments

New African Advisors, a U.S. based private venture capital fund with guarantees provided by the

Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)

The OPIC Global Environment Fund (GEF), a U.S. based investment fund which sponsors and

manages investment entities with equity involvement in infrastructure projects

Various U.S. based private investment funds, which have expressed interest in South African

infrastructure projects



The following agencies can assist in obtaining, structuring, and/or insuring investments

Various merchant banks in South Africa which have declared an interest in structuring financing for

Municipal Service Partnerships.

The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank), which helps to finance sales of U.S.A

goods and services outside the U.S.A.

The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), a member of the World Bank Group, which

provides insurance to private investors against risks such as currency transfer, expropriation and civil

disturbance, as well as technical assistance.

The OPIC, a U.S. government agency that provides both financing and insurance to U.S. companies

involved in international investments.

9.6.2. RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FUNDING

A number of potential risks to investors for projects include such risks as construction risk, operational

risk, regulatory risk, market risk, and political risk. A detailed risk analysis should however be part of a

financial analysis of the various projects and elements of the project. The following discussion gives a

brief description of the different risk groups listed above together with comments on mitigating the risks

from the perspective of investors in private sector projects and/or Private Public Partnerships.

Construction risk is the risk that the project elements will not be constructed (or completed) on time,

within budget, or to the parameters originally specified. This risk can be mitigated by various measures,

including the use of qualified construction companies, the use of insurance, and the provision of bonus

and penalty clauses in construction contracts.

Operational risk is the risk that the project elements will be faulty and not operate efficiently or within

the parameters specified by the owner and/or by the regulatory agencies. A certain amount of

operational risk is unavoidable, therefore lenders must protect their position through for example

minimum debt service coverage ratio, limitations on capital expenditures, limitations on long-term debt,

and limitations on guarantees.

Regulatory risk refers to the potential for the regulatory controls on the project elements to change

during the life of the project, thereby influencing the requirements for project performance. Should the

performance requirements change, the costs of investments for upgrading, and the increased

operational costs, must be addressed. Strategies used to manage regulatory risk include the appropriate

identification of responsibilities for upgrading in contracts.

Market Risk fluctuates depending upon the implementation model within which the project elements

operate. For example, in an unregulated competitive market, such as the recycling market, the project

faces risks related to the market size, the price, and the payments. However, if the market is regulated,

the market size is controlled, and price and payments can be controlled through a regulatory agency.

Several strategies are used by lenders to reduce market risks, including guarantees by government

agencies, letters of credit, limitations on debt exposure, and independent appraisals.



Political Risk signifies a variety of potential events which can be triggered through local political actions,

and which cannot reliably be predicted, such as: expropriation, confiscation and nationalization of

assets; forced abandonment; currency inconvertibility; funds transfer risk; violence such as strikes, riots,

or civil commotion.

9.7. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND DISSEMINATION

This aspect covers the need for effective record keeping and the development of a WIS, the sharing of

available information as well as co-operation of the various stakeholders within the IYM. It is recommended

that the municipality should:

Develop a municipal WIS. The municipality can enlist the support of the CHDM and Provincial

Department (DEDEAT) for this aspect;

Synthesis of the information generated by the WIS is highly recommended for management purposes;

Procure weigh bridges for all the waste disposal facilities in order to accurately determine the volumes

of waste disposed of in the facilities; and

Develop a comprehensive awareness campaign/ programme and waste education for the IYM. The

municipality can enlist services of the Provincial Department to create awareness on waste matters.

9.8. MANAGEMENT OF ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES

This focus area relates to illegal dumping activities within the municipal area. This involves identification of

possible illegal dumping hot spots, development of clean up and anti-dumping campaigns, possible revision

of by-laws as well as revision of collection strategies. The following is recommended for the IYM:

Undertake a comprehensive audit of open spaces (erven) within the municipal area. This is to assist in

identifying illegal dumping hotspots. This will be done with a view of formulating a strategy for each of

those areas;

Put up sign boards on those potential hotspots with a view of deterring illegal dumping;

Other open spaces may be recommended for recreational parks to improve cleanliness and control; and

Develop a penalty system for all illegal dumping activities.

9.9. WASTE MINIMISATION STRATEGIES

This focus area involves the identification of specific waste minimisation strategies, whether it is separation

and collection at the source, privatization of recycling activities, and development of collection points



throughout the area as well as public awareness/ education strategies. The following is recommended for

IYM.

Strengthen the functionality of the existing recycling project through ensuring that there are more

recyclables fed into the project in order to meet the required volumes,

Introduce a two-bag system for all households and businesses in order to improve separation at source.

This would also improve recyclables going to the aforementioned project.

Strengthen the participation of private sector companies whether as donors or in transferring the skill to

the cooperatives.

10. IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME (2018-2022)



This section presents a programme by which the IYM aims to meet the objectives defined in the previous

section. The programme consists of a number of projects and initiatives which, if appropriately executed,

should move the IYM towards realising these objectives. An implementation programme is presented in the

table below. It is however acknowledged that the IYM faces numerous challenges in the implementation of

these projects including financial and human resource limitations. It is therefore expected that the

implementation programme will be modified during the next five year period as resource allocation changes.



10.1. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN: INXUBA YETHEMBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

10.1.1. INSTITUTIONAL MATTERS

FOCUS AREA Waste Services Delivery

Objective To improve the institutional and human resources to effectively execute the waste management function.

Recommendation Strategy/Action Timeframe Responsibility Estimated Cost

Have a Council –approved organogram

for the waste management unit.

Structure the organogram for the Waste Management Unit to be in

line with the NWMS.

2018/19 FY CSD- In House R0

Recruit human resources for waste

management as per the organogram.

Submit the human resources requirements to HR for the waste

management unit.

2018/19 FY CSD & Corporate

Services

R0

Continuously train the current staff

members in waste management in order

for them to perform better. This would

help them to understand various forms of

waste and report any wrong-doing to the

authorities.

Undertake a skills audit for all the employees of the function. 2018/19 FY CSD and

Corporate

Services

R65 000

Determine training gaps and develop individual development

programmes

2019/20 FY R0

Contract a service provider to train the staff 2019/20 FY R100 000

Approve the Waste Management By-

Laws

Ensure that there are Council- approved waste management by-

laws

2018/19 FY CSD & Council R0

Ensure the inclusion of the IWMP into Present the IWMP to the Council for approval before inclusion in 2019/20 FY CSD R0



the municipal IDP the annual revision of IDP.

Ensure that members of the Council are

fully aware of waste management, its

function, legal aspects and resource

requirements.

Conduct awareness sessions with Council members regarding

waste management. Specific emphasis should be placed on

councillors who are members of the mayoral committee dealing

with waste.

2019/20 FY CSD R0

10.1.2. MINIMUM SERVICE STANDARDS AND COST RECOVERY

FOCUS AREA Effective and Efficient Delivery of Waste Services

Objective To improve the waste collection infrastructure of the IYM


Establish minimum service standards for

the municipality.

Adopt the National Domestic Waste Collection Standards. 2018/19 FY CSD R0

Achieve 100% waste collection services at the minimum service

levels in urban areas.

2019/20 FY CSD R0

Introduce waste collection services in rural areas. 2020/21 FY CSD R0

The municipality should enhance

scheduling of workers and fleet for

efficient service.

Re-determine waste collection routes for cost saving. 2019/20 FY CSD R0

Monitor the outlook every semester.

Re-assess the number of households for Ensure that there is a GIS alignment for the houses serviced. 2019/20 FY CSD & GIS R200 000



improved collection and billing. Ensure systematic billing of all those receiving services from the

Municipality.

Unit

Cost recovery of waste management

services

Service fee collection needs to cover at least 70% of the waste

management operation cost.

2020/21 FY CSD R0

Adopt and implement the tariff model developed by DEA. 2020/21 FY CSD R0

10.1.3. WASTE MINIMISATION, RE-USE, RECYCLING AND RECOVERY

Goal Promote Minimisation, Re-use, Recycling and Recovery of Waste

Objective To improve waste minimisation strategies for divert waste away from landfill sites for materials recovery and to

preserve its airspace.

Recommendation Strategy/Action Plan Timeframe Responsibility Estimated Amount

Develop a strategy for waste separation

at source. Examine existing best

practices elsewhere in the country.

Identify an area for piloting and seek Council

approval.

2019/20 FY CSD/ Portfolio Head R0

Introduce a two-bag/ bin system for all

households and businesses in order to

improve separation at source.

Pilot, publicise and launch the two-bag

system for effective communication.

Roll out to other areas where possible

2020/21 FY CSD, Councillors R200 000



Identify and implement a composting

project.

Identify garden refuse dumping centres for

each town or at the landfill site.

Set a team to process organic matter into

compost.

2018/19 FY CSD R40 000

Strengthen the participation of private

sector companies whether as donors or

in transferring the skill to the

cooperatives.

Identify more companies/co-operatives that

may be interested in the recycling activities of

the area.

2021/22 FY Councillors & CSD R100 000

Incentivise companies/co-operative

participation in the recycling activities in the

Municipality

2021/22 FY CSD R200 000

10.1.4. LANDFILL MANAGEMENT

FOCUS AREA Disposal Infrastructure Development - Landfills

Objective To improve the solid waste disposal infrastructure of IYM




Decommission and rehabilitate one

municipal landfill site.

Reduce the number of landfill sites and one landfill into a transfer

station.

Obtain the waste management licence for landfill site closure.

Appoint a contractor to do rehabilitation and fencing of the site.

Appoint a contractor to build structures for a transfer station.

2018/19 FY CSD R2.5 million

Upgrade one municipal landfill site into a

Sanitary/Engineered Landfill as per DEA

Norms and Standards.

Source a budget for the upgrade of the landfill site into a Class B

Sanitary Landfill.

2018/19 FY CSD R0

Appoint a contractor to construct a lined cell and a leachate pond

as per Norms and Standards.

2019/20 FY R3 Million

Appoint a contractor to construct a guardhouse, control room and

weighbridge.

2020/21 FY R1 Million

10.1.5. WASTE INFORMATION SYSTEM

FOCUS AREA Waste Information System

Objective Ensure improvement in information dissemination for effective waste management function




Develop a WIS for all waste

management sites (MRFs, transfer

station and landfill site)

Engage DEDEAT to help with the approach of WIS reporting on all

functional waste management sites.

2019/20 FY CSD R0

Synthesis of the information generated

by the WIS is highly recommended for

management purposes.

Ensure proper waste management recording 2018/19 FY WMO R0

Ensure submission of records daily for analysis

Ensure monthly submission of records to the WIS 2018/19 FY WMO R0

Form a partnership with local media for message resonance with

communities

The Municipality can enlist services of DEDEAT to create

awareness on waste matters

10.1.6. RURAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

FOCUS AREA Rural Waste Management

Objective Ensure that waste management services are provided in rural areas of the municipality


Extend waste management services in

rural areas (waste collection,

Identify and address possible problem rural areas where waste 2020/21 FY CSD & R100 000.00



transportation and disposal, at a

minimum)

management services can be piloted. Councillors

10.1.7. EDUCATION AND AWARENESS

FOCUS AREA Education and Awareness

Objective Ensure improvement in information dissemination and disposal information for effective management of the waste

management function


Increase awareness of waste

management among members of the

general public

Undertake constant messaging using various platforms (radio,

newspapers, social media, etc.)

2018/19 FY CSD R80 000.00

Increase awareness and capacity with

regard to the re-use, recycling and

recovery of waste

Develop partnerships with businesses in the recycling space. 2018/19 FY WMO R0

Raise awareness on industries about the

need to develop industry waste

management plans

Develop a programme to conduct awareness to the general public,

the public and private sectors, municipal staff, and the staff

members of government departments.

2018/19 FY WMO R0

Raise awareness about domestic and



commercial hazardous waste.

Develop a comprehensive awareness

campaign/ programme and waste

education for the Municipality.

Develop a programme targeted at specific communities with

challenges

2018/19 FY Environmental

Health Manager &

WMO

R100 000

Form a partnership with local newspapers for message resonance

with communities

10.1.8. MONITORING COMPLIANCE, ENFORCEMENT AND REMEDIATION

FOCUS AREA MONITORING COMPLIANCE, ENFORCEMENT AND REMEDIATION

Objective To effectively contain the illegal dumping of waste in various hotspots within the IYM


Compliance and enforcement of waste

management licence conditions.

Ensure compliance of operations at all waste management

facilities with the conditions of waste management licences on an

annual basis.

2020/21 FY WMO & EMI R0

Monitor the closure and rehabilitation of

the closed landfill site.

Monitor compliance with the closure and rehabilitation conditions

of waste management licence.

2020/21 FY R0

Monitor the operations of the operational

landfill site.

Monitor compliance with the conditions of waste management

licence.

Monitoring of IWMP obligations Monitor the implementation of the IWMP. 2020/21 FY WMO R0

Identify non-compliances and problem

areas

Address non-compliances and make follow-up/interventions

where required for non-compliances

2020/21 FY



Undertake a comprehensive audit of

open spaces (erven) within each town to

identify illegal dumping hotspots.

Appoint a service provider to map out the open spaces with

potential of becoming dumping hotspots

2018/19 FY CSD R200 000

Validate the hotspots for appropriate action R0

Determine appropriate action for each open space R0

Erect ‘no dumping’ signs at illegal dumping sites. 2018/19 FY R15 000

Educate local residents about illegal dumping

Review the sites annually for improvement

Develop a penalty system for all illegal

dumping activities.

Determine penalties and communicate with the relevant

authorities

2018/19 FY CSD R0

Communicate penalties with communities 2018/19 FY WMO R0

Enforce the by-laws 2019/20 FY EMI R0



This draft IWMP is for comment by the municipality, the PSC as well as the wider groups of Interested and

Affected Parties. Extensive consultation with all relevant waste stakeholders will be undertaken to ensure that the

information provided is accurate and relevant. Stakeholders are defined as people with an active professional

interest in waste management.

11.1. METHODOLOGY

The following methodology was followed in the formulation of this IWMP:

A Project Steering Committee was formulated. The PSC consists of members from the following

organisations:

National Department of Environmental Affairs

Provincial Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism

Chris Hani District Municipality

Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality, and

IKAMVA Consulting

The draft reports were submitted to the PSC members for review and validation. The PSC was invited to

meetings to present the findings of the Draft Status Quo Report. The Implementation Plan will also be

discussed by the PSC members. Comments from the PSC members will be incorporated into the IWMP

report before finalisation.

Public Participation Meetings: Public Participation Meetings are planned to be held for each of the two

urban areas of IYM.

The table below provides a record a series of events of the stakeholder consultations that were carried out during

the IWMP process.

Table 22: Public Participation Process Record for the development of IWMP for IYM

Date Type of Engagement Attendance

Name Organisation/Position

18 July 2018 Site Visit (including

interviews)-Middelburg

Ms Odwa Ntshanga

Mr Thulani Gweje

IKAMVA Consulting

Mr Tobias Twele Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

Middelburg Recycling Facility

19 July 2018 Site Visit (including

interviews)-Cradock

Ms Odwa Ntshanga IKAMVA Consulting

Mr Thulani Gweje

Mr Pikkie Coetser Inxuba Yethemba Municipality

11. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS



17 August

2018

PSC Meeting 1- Status Quo See attached Attendance Register

Xx October

2018

PSC Meeting 2- Draft IWMP

Presentation

To be confirmed

Xx October

2018

IWMP advert in the Local

newspaper

To be confirmed

Xx November

2018

IWMP Public Meeting for

Middelburg Area

To be confirmed

Xx November

2018

IWMP Public Meeting for

Cradock Area

To be confirmed

Xx November

2018

PSC Meeting 3-Final Draft

IWM

To be confirmed (if necessary)

11.2. INCEPTION MEETING

An inception meeting was not held to introduce the consultant/ service provider to the IYM players and to map out

a strategy for the successful implementation of the IWMP. The inception meeting would also serve to confirm

project deliverables and representatives of various organisations in the Project Steering Committee. An Inception

Report was prepared by IKAMVA Consulting and submitted to IYM for consideration and approval.

11.3. SITE VISITS/INTERVIEWS

Site visits and interviews were held to obtain and confirm status quo information for the local municipality and to

visit waste management sites/facilities to get a sense of on-site management, compliance with minimum

standards and assessment of improvements that can be made.

Site visits and interviews were held on 18 July 2018 and 03 July 2018. The necessary status quo information was

collected, the site visits and the interviews were informative and provided insight into the waste management

challenges faced by each municipality



11.4. FIRST PSC MEETING

This PSC Meeting, which was held on 17 August 2018, was a status quo workshop to present the municipal waste

management status quo report. The meeting served to check the factual accuracy of the information presented

and to identify gaps and limitations in current waste management practice. The meeting also allowed the

discussion of more comprehensive strategic and action planning.

11.5. SECOND PSC MEETING

The aim of the second PSC meeting will be to discuss the proposed waste management action plan for the IYM

and to adjust action plan where necessary, following comments received from the PSC meeting. The meeting will

also present an opportunity to stakeholders to provide suggestions and comments about the plan.

11.6. PUBLIC REVIEW OF THE IWMP

The Draft IWMP report will be submitted to the local municipality for distribution and upload in their websites. The

document will also be placed in the consultant’s website: www.kamva.co.za. A notice will be put in the local

newspapers about the availability of the Draft IWMP for public comments.

11.7. PUBLIC MEETINGS

Public meetings with the broader group of stakeholders are planned to be held on mid-November 2018.

The consultant suggest that the IWMP should be made an item in the wider municipal, ward or community

meetings by the IYM.

http://www.kamva.co.za/



12.1. MONITORING OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IWMP

A monitoring mechanism is built into the IWMP. Indicators are measureable and realistic and show if the plan is

on track; the means of verification identifies how the indictors will be measured. The targets provide the stepping

stones in achieving objectives and the plan should be monitored against these indicators and targets as indicated

by the target measurements. Should the plan not be on track, mitigating actions must be taken to ensure that the

objectives are eventually reached. The plan should be monitored annually and reviewed after the five year cycle is

complete.

12.2. EVALUATION AND REVIEW OF IWMP

If the mitigation activities do not put the plan back on track or the assumptions change, then the plan must be

reviewed and more realistic objectives set. The new objectives must however take the key policies, legislation and

national and international targets into account.

12.3. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS

NEM: WA, as amended, requires the development of an IWMP to follow a public participation and consultation

process (Section 72 & 73). For purposes of this IWMP, a 30-day period has been set aside for a comprehensive

PPP which will entail ward committee meetings, presentation at district waste forum meetings and two workshops

for Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs). The information will be published in various media platforms to

ensure maximum attendance.

The issues raised during the PPP will be incorporated into the second draft and final IWMP. In particular, input is

sought for the Implementation Programme. Once the IWMP is approved, all stakeholders will be kept informed on

major implementation milestones particularly through the Annual Performance Reports as required by NEM: WA.

This is done in order for I&APs to track progress towards the IYM’s ability or willingness to meet the agreed

target.

12.4. APPROVAL PROCESS FOR IWMP

The responsibility for the approval of this plan is defined in NEM:WA, as amended. All data contained in this

document is verified by the IYM. The implementation plan is also approved by IYM. As mentioned above,

stakeholders have to be involved in the various stages of the development of this plan and the outcome presented

in a public forum for discussion. Once approved by the IYM, the IWMP document is to be submitted to DEDEAT

MEC for endorsement.

12. CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD

Inxuba Yethemba Municipality WMP Development- 1st Draft Status Quo Report

Prepared by IKAMVA Consulting- Mthatha Office 109

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. (2011). Municipal Waste Management - Good Practices. Edition

1. CSIR, Pretoria.

Chris Hani District Municipality. 2017. CHDM IDP 2017-2022. Komani.

Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, 2006. South Africa Environment Outlook. A report on the

state of the environment. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.

Department of Environmental Affairs. (2009). Guidelines for the Development of Integrated Waste

Management Plans. Pretoria.

Department of Environmental Affairs. 2011. National Waste Management Strategy. Pretoria.

Department of Environmental Affairs. 2011. Solid waste tariff setting guidelines for local authorities. Pretoria.

Eastern Cape Socio Economic Consultative Council. 2017. Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality Socio

Economic Review and Outlook 2017, ECSECC, East London.

Inxuba Yethemba Municipality. 2014. Spatial Development Framework. Cradock.

Inxuba Yethemba Municipality. 2017. Final Integrated Development Plan. 2017/18-2021/22. Cradock.

Statistics South Africa. 2015. Income Dynamics and Poverty Status of Households in South Africa. Pretoria.

www.municipalities.co.za

www.localgovernment.co.za

sawic.environment.gov.za

13. REFERENCES

http://www.municipalities.co.za/

http://www.localgovernment.co.za/

Inxuba Yethemba Municipality WMP Development- 1st Draft Status Quo Report

Prepared by IKAMVA Consulting- Mthatha Office 110

Documents

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