INVESTING IN BIOGAS SYSTEMS FOR SANITATION, COOKING AND POWER GENERATION: –THE CASE OF CSIR-IIR

Presenter

Kofi Ampomah-BenefoCSIR-INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

August 2016

SAMPLES OF DIGESTERS

Biogas plants for waste treatment from 10000 cows

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AQUINAS

Digester location

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AQUINAS

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AQUINAS

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AQUINAS

Outlet Digester ChamberDigester

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Biogas Technology

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Biogas Technology

CSIR-IIR ABR (Improved technology)

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AQUINAS

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Item CommentType of Digester Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

Capacity of Digester 30 m3

Expected Gas Yield 8 – 10 m3/d

Life Span 30+ yrs

Temperature Scheme 30 – 35 oC

HRT 3 days (80 % treated)

SRT 24 days (90 % treated)

Cost of Construction (Excluding Gas Accessories)

GHC 30,000

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

1612/08/2016 Digester (tank)

Heat Source

Heat Source

Heat Circulation

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

• A 1000-litre tank as the digester

• Single-stage batch AD system

• Semi automated operation

• SRH 30d

• Process temperature (37 ± 2oC)

• Inoculum: fresh dung

• Feedstock

– human excreta, Kitchen waste

– Agro, industrial waste12/08/2016 17

FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

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Composition of biomass

Molecules

• Protein 30-60 %

• Carbohydrate 5-30 %

• Lipid 5-10 %

• DNA 1 %

• RNA 5-15 %

• Ash (P, K+, Mg2+, etc)

• Elements

• C 40-50 %

• H 7-10 %

• O 20-30 %

• N 5-10 %

• P 1-3 %

• Ash 3-10%

Typical composition biomass formula: C1H1.8O0.5N0.2

Suppose 1 kg dry biomass contains 5 % ash, what is

the amount of organic matter in C-mol biomass?

• Psychrophilic < 20 0C• Mesophilic 30 0C – 42 0C• Thermophilic 50 0C – 60 0C

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BASIC COMPONENTS OF A DIGESTER

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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

CHINA

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10d 20d 30d 40d 50d 60d

% B

oga

s Yi

eld

% Cummulative Yield of Biogas from Animal Manure and Stalk

Sheep Duck Rabbit Pig Chicken

Cow Corn stalk Straw stalk Wheat stalk

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-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Tim

e (d

ays)

Temperature (oC)

Temperature vs Time of Death of Shistosomia Egg

BIOGAS RESEARCH

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R&D: using biogas prototypes in the laboratory

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BIOMASS LAB

R&Ds

Waste Treatment

Research

Biofuel Research

Bioprocessing of

agricultural residues for

for value addition

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Bomb calorimeter

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R&D

Gas analyzer etc..

Biogas Research

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