Investigation of the Efficiency of TE-3 Soil Fumigation on Pine Seedlings at the Weyerhaeuser Quail Ridge Nursery

Investigation of the Efficiency of TE-3 Soil Fumigation on Pine Seedlings at the Weyerhaeuser Quail Ridge Nursery

Photo provided by Bruce Francis

ByJordan Livingston

Table of Content

Introduction....................................................................................................................................................1

Methods..........................................................................................................................................................1

Materials........................................................................................................................................................2

Results............................................................................................................................................................3

Discussion......................................................................................................................................................4

Table 1: Tri-Brom 80 Germination Tracking................................................................................................5

Table 2: TE-3 at 250lbs/ac Germination Tracking........................................................................................6



Figure 1: Family 181210.WL Germinaiton Rate...........................................................................................9

Figure 2: Family 111076.WL Germination Rate.........................................................................................10

Table 5: Family 181210.WL Crop Tracking – Tri-Brom 80 Treatment Method........................................11

Table 6: Family 181210.WL Crop Tracking – TE-3 at 250lbs/ac Treatment Method................................12



Table 9: Family 111076.WL Crop Tracking – Tri-Brom-80 Treatment Method........................................15

Table 10: Family 111076.WL Crop Tracking – TE-3 at 250lbs/ac Treatment Method..............................16

Table 11: Family 111076.WL Crop Tracking – TE-3 at 300 lbs/ac Treatment Method.............................17

Table 12: Family 111076.WL Crop Tracking – TE-3 at 350 lbs/ac Treatment Method.............................18

Figure 3: Family 181210.WL Height Growth.............................................................................................19

Figure 4: Family 111076.WL Height Growth.............................................................................................20

Figure 5: Family 181210.WL Diameter Growth.........................................................................................21

Figure 6: Family 111076.WL Diameter Growth.........................................................................................22

References....................................................................................................................................................23

Attachment 1: Map of Nursery/Fumigation Treatment Block.....................................................................24

Attachment 2: Map of Soil Fumigation Treatments in Block 1-5...............................................................25

Attachment 3: Bed Diagram........................................................................................................................26

IntroductionSoil fumigation is a very important nursery operation because it ensures that the crop has a vigorous start and can grow with little to no competition. This practice is aimed at lowering the cost and need of post planting pest management (Carpenter 2). The Weyerhaeuser Quail Ridge Nursery located in Aiken, South Carolina, uses soil fumigation to help increase the survival of their pine seedlings and reduce the competition from undesirable species. The current soil fumigant used operationally at the nursery is Tri-Brom 80. This fumigant is 80% Methyl Bromide and 20% Chloropicrin (TriEst Ag Group, October 2012). A new product that has recently come out on the market is the TE-3 fumigant. This is composed of three different chemicals. It consists of 33% Chloropicrin, 23% 1, 3-Dichlorpropene, and 44% Dimethyl disulfide (TriEst Ag Group, May 2012). The goal of this new fumigant is to reduce the buffer zone distance required when applying the soil fumigant and to keep the buffer zone on company property. Accounting for the credits the nursery receives because of the tarp reduction, the buffer zone for a 13.8 acre block for Tri-Brom 80 at 275lbs/ac is 213ft. The buffer zones for TE-3 at 250lbs/ac, 300lbs/ac, and 350lbs/ac are all 225ft. Buffer zones that extend past the nursery boundaries require written consent from the landowner. If the buffer zone includes a residential area such as a house, the owner has to provide written consent that they will vacate the buffer zone during the entire buffer zone period. Also for methyl bromide formulations with less than 20% chloropicrin, air monitoring instruments have to show concentrations are below action levels before residents can reenter the property (Reliable Process for Planning and Management of Soil Fumigation 5). The future for Tri-Brom 80 is uncertain so a new alternative needs to be found. The TE-3 fumigant needs to guarantee that it can be just as effective in controlling weeds and other pest related problems that the seedlings could encounter while growing in the nursery.

MethodsThe Weyerhaeuser Quail Ridge Nursery brought in a contractor, TriEst Ag Group, to apply the soil fumigation chemicals to the block where the study was going to be conducted. Tri-Brom 80, the current soil fumigant for the nursery, was going to serve as the control for the study. The TE-3 fumigant was going to be studied to see how it affects the performance and growth of the pine seedlings. The TE-3 fumigant was sprayed at three different application rates within the block: 250, 300, and 350lbs/ac. A map of the block was generated to show the boundaries of the different fumigation treatments within the block. This block is known as block 1-5 in the nursery and is characterized as a first year ground block. At this nursery, this means that pine seedlings are grown every year for 3 years. Then after the three years, the block is planted with a cover crop to replenish the nutrients back into the soil. These blocks are termed fallow. At the end of the year, the fallow blocks are sprayed with the soil fumigant and then begins the three year cycle again. For this study two families were being tracked. They were each sown in at different densities. The family 181210.WL was sown at 89.3 seeds/linear bed foot and the family 111076.WL was sown at 92.1 seeds/linear bed foot.

1

A GPS was used with predetermined points from the fumigation map to locate the outside boundaries of each fumigation treatment on the ground. Flags were placed at these boundaries to serve as reference points for putting in the sample plots. Three grids were placed on the ground at random locations in each of the four fumigation treatments for each family making sure that none of the sample plots were close to any of the boundaries lines. This made a total of 24 sample plots. Each grid is one foot wide by four feet long. A flag was placed at each sample plot with a number so that it could be easily referenced back to if needed. Also the GPS location of each point was taken during the installation of the sample plots so that they could be placed on the fumigation map.

Germination and weed populations were measured on a weekly basis. Germination tracking for the nursery began in week 17(week of 4/21/2014). The germination tracking for the study began in week 21(week of 5/19/2014), which meant that the data from those previous weeks were unavailable to show the changing amount of germination over a larger time frame. Germination tracking consists of counting the number of seedlings within the grid. Also if there were any seedlings that were lost from one week to another, that also needed to be counted and the cause of loss if that could be determined. Weed tracking consisted of counting the number of weeds in the grid as well as identifying the species. Once the weed was accounted for, it was pulled from the grid to monitor the reoccurrence of additional weeds growing back. Each week the number of seedlings in each sample plot was divided by the known density that the family was sown at to give a germination rate for each plot and an average for the three plots was calculated for each treatment for the family. Germination tracking lasted for six weeks where germination had reached its peak and there was no need to continue this measurement.

After the six weeks of measuring germination, the plots were then measured according to the nursery’s crop tracking methods and schedule. Crop tracking is the ringing of individual trees and monitoring the growth over time. For this study, six trees were ringed in each grid. There are 12 rows of trees per bed. The common practice of ringing the trees at the nursery is ringing the tree in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 10th, and 12th row along a line that is relatively straight. The side of the bed that is closest to the center pivot is where the measurements began with the first ringed tree. This began in week 27(week of 6/30/2014) with measuring only height. Crop tracking was conducted every two weeks adding diameter and bud set to the measurements in week 29(week of 7/14/2014). Since the trees in the block were going to be top pruned to a height of 8 inches, the last measurement needed to be recorded in week 32(week of 8/4/2014) before the top pruning procedure occurred. Weed tracking was still being conducted the same way only now it was measured every two weeks. A ruler was used to measure the height of the selected trees and a caliper was used to measure the diameter at the root collar.

Materials- 24 grids for sample plots- 24 flags to mark plots- GPS to locate points- 144 chicken rings to mark selected trees(6 in each grid)- Ruler- Calipers

2

ResultsOver the six week period that germination tracking was measured, there was a distinct difference between the fumigation treatments. For family 181210.WL, the lowest germination rate was present in the Tri-Brom 80 treatment with 89.96% and increased as the concentration of TE-3 increased as shown in tables 1-4. As seen in figure 1, the treatments were separated by a few percentages from one to another showing the positive correlation that as concentration of TE-3 increased, germination for this family increased. The sample plots in TE-3 at 350lbs/ac had a germination rate of 101.53% in week 26.

Family 111076.WL showed different characteristics for germination tracking. The treatment that had the lowest germination rate was TE-3 at 250/lbs/ac with 94.82%. The treatment that had the highest germination rate with 102.79% was TE-3 at 300lbs/ac as shown in Figure 2. The sample plots in this treatment began with a germination rate over 100% when germination tracking started.

There were very few weeds that came up during the germination tracking period. Shown in tables 1-4 there were a total of five weeds from all the sample plots combined over the six week period. No sample plot had more than one weed during germination tracking. Three of the five weeds were black willow seedlings, which are very common at this nursery. The other two weeds present were nutsedge. It is also important to note that sample plot #10 in the TE-3 at 350lbs/ac had numerous amounts of crabgrass near the grid. This was removed in week 24 by handweeders. Since there were a low number of weeds through the germination tracking phase, no visual was necessary to show the difference between the fumigation treatments.

Crop tracking showed closer results between the different treatment methods. Shown in figure 3, family 181210.WL had the highest height at the end of week 32 with 6.5 inches for the Tri-Brom 80 treatment method.TE-3 at 250lbs/ac had an average height of 6.3 inches. TE-3 at 350lbs/ac reached an average height of 5.8 inches and TE-3 at 300lbs/ac was the lowest with 5.7 inches. Shown in figure 5, diameter measurements for this family showed the Tri-Brom 80 treatment method had the highest average diameter of 3.1mm at the end of week 32. TE-3 at 250lbs/ac reached an average diameter of 2.8mm and the other two TE-3 treatment methods reached an average diameter of 2.7mm. The height and diameter growth for each tree in family 181210.WL is shown in tables 5-8.

Height for family 111076.WL showed slightly different results. Shown in figure 4, the highest average height at the end of week 32 was 6.5 inches for the Tri-Brom 80 treatment method. TE-3 at 350lbs/ac had an average height of 6.1 inches. TE-3 at 250lbs/ac reached an average height of 4.8 inches and TE-3 at 300lbs/ac was the lowest with 4.6 inches. Shown in figure 6, the highest average diameter at the end of week 32 was 2.9 mm for TE-3 at 350lbs/ac treatment method. Tri-Brom 80 had an average diameter of 2.8 mm and the other two TE-3 treatments methods had an average diameter of 2.5mm. The height and diameter growth for each tree in family 111076.WL is shown in tables 9-12.

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DiscussionGermination tracking showed that the TE-3 fumigant provided a higher germination rate than the current soil fumigant at the nursery, Tri-Brom 80. The two highest application rates of TE-3 saw the highest germination rate among the two families study. This may be due to the increased elimination of disease and competition of weeds that TE-3 has over Tri-Brom 80 when the seed is just breaking dormancy but there is not enough evidence to make a legitimate conclusion with this little data.

Crop tracking showed that the trees in the Tri-Brom 80 treatment method were noticeably bigger. One reason for this could be that many of the sample plots in this treatment method were located in a low spot in the block. This is where the water and nutrient runoff would accumulate providing more resources for the trees to grow bigger than other areas in the block. Diameter is the more important measurement when compared to height. The seedling height can always be changed by top pruning if they begin to grow too tall but diameter cannot be changed by any mechanical methods. More investigation is needed to see if Tri-Brom 80 promotes larger tree growth than TE-3 or if it was just because of where the sample plots were located in relation to the low point in the block.

There are several improvements that could be made to this study. More data is always necessary. More families could be measured instead of only two. Also having more sample plots throughout the fumigation treatments helps in showing a better representation of what is out there. Increasing the study to treating more than one block with the different soil fumigants across the nursery could show how the fumigant performs at different locations. Also a big improvement to this study would be including blocks from first year, second year, and third year ground to track the performance of the seedlings with the effectiveness of the soil fumigant over time.

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Tri-Brom 80

Sample Plots Average Germination Rate(%)/ Average Weeds

Average Germination Rate(%)/ Average Weeds1 2 3 22 23 24

Week 21 5/19/2014

Germ Tracking

82 68 76 93 83 89 84.35983576 95.91024249

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 22 5/26/2014

Germ Tracking

83 71 80 93 84 90 87.34602464 96.63409338

Weed Count 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.333333333 0

Weed Type Black Willow

Week 23 6/2/2014

Germ Tracking

84 70 81 93 85 90 87.71929825 96.99601882

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 24 6/9/2014

Germ Tracking

84 73 84 93 84 90 89.9589399 96.63409338

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 25 6/16/2014

Germ Tracking

84 75 84 93 84 91 90.70548712 96.99601882

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 26 6/23/2014

Germ Tracking

84 74 83 93 84 91 89.9589399 96.99601882

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed TypeTable 1: Shows the germination count and weed count for each sample plot over time for the Tri-Brom 80 treatment method. The average germination rate for each family is calculated from the three color-coded values. The blue is family 181210.WL with a sow density of 89.3 seeds/linear bed foot. The orange is family 111076.WL with a sow density of 92.1 seeds/linear bed foot.

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Table 2: Shows the germination count and weed count for each sample plot over time for the TE-3 at 250lbs/ac treatment method. The average germination rate for each family is calculated from the three color-coded values. The blue is family 181210.WL with a sow density of 89.3 seeds/linear bed foot. The orange is family 111076.WL with a sow density of 92.1 seeds/linear bed foot.

TE-3 at 250lbs/ac



Week 21 5/19/2014

Germ Tracking 71 84 86 90 78 84 89.9589399 91.20521173

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 22 5/26/2014

Germ Tracking 73 88 86 91 84 84 92.19858156 93.73868983

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 23 6/2/2014

Germ Tracking 73 88 86 92 85 86 92.19858156 95.1863916

Weed Count 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.333333333 0


Week 24 6/9/2014

Germ Tracking 76 87 87 92 86 85 93.31840239 95.1863916

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 25 6/16/2014

Germ Tracking 76 87 89 91 86 86 94.06494961 95.1863916

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.333333333

Weed Type Nutsedge

Week 26 6/23/2014

Germ Tracking 76 87 88 91 86 85 93.691676 94.82446616

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

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Table 3: Shows the germination count and weed count for each sample plot over time for the TE-3 at 300lbs/ac treatment method. The average germination rate for each family is calculated from the three color-coded values. The blue is family 181210.WL with a sow density of 89.3 seeds/linear bed foot. The orange is family 111076.WL with a sow density of 92.1 seeds/linear bed foot.

TE-3 at 300lbs/ac



Week 21 5/19/2014

Germ Tracking 87 85 78 97 92 89 93.31840239 100.6152733

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 22 5/26/2014

Germ Tracking 87 88 79 97 93 92 94.81149683 102.062975

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 23 6/2/2014

Germ Tracking 89 87 80 98 93 93 95.55804405 102.7868259

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 24 6/9/2014

Germ Tracking 90 87 81 98 93 93 96.30459127 102.7868259

Weed Count 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.333333333

Weed Type Nutsedge

Week 25 6/16/2014

Germ Tracking 90 87 82 98 93 93 96.67786487 102.7868259

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 26 6/23/2014

Germ Tracking 90 87 81 98 93 93 96.30459127 102.7868259

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

7

TE-3 at 350lbs/ac



Week 21 5/19/2014

Germ Tracking 94 89 77 89 86 97 97.05113848 98.44372059

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 22 5/26/2014

Germ Tracking 95 89 80 90 86 97 98.54423292 98.80564604

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 23 6/2/2014

Germ Tracking 94 89 80 90 85 98 98.17095931 98.80564604

Weed Count 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.333333333 0


Week 24 6/9/2014

Germ Tracking 95 90 82 90 85 99 99.66405375 99.16757148

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 25 6/16/2014

Germ Tracking 95 91 85 90 85 99 101.1571482 99.16757148

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed Type

Week 26 6/23/2014

Germ Tracking 95 92 85 90 85 99 101.5304218 99.16757148

Weed Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Weed TypeTable 4: Shows the germination count and weed count for each sample plot over time for the TE-3 at 350lbs/ac treatment method. The average germination rate for each family is calculated from the three color-coded values. The blue is family 181210.WL with a sow density of 89.3 seeds/linear bed foot. The orange is family 111076.WL with a sow density of 92.1 seeds/linear bed foot.

8

Week 21 Week 22 Week 23 Week 24 Week 25 Week 2680

84

88

92

96

100

104

Family 181210.WL

Tri-Brom 80TE-3 at 250lbs/acTE-3 at 300lbs/acTE-3 at 350lbs/ac

Time

Germ

inati

on R

ate

(%)

Figure 1: Shows the change in germination rate for each of the fumigation treatment over time for the family 181210.WL. Week 21 began on 5/19/2014.

9

Week 21 Week 22 Week 23 Week 24 Week 25 Week 2680

84

88

92

96

100

104

Family 111076.WL


Time

Germ

inati

on R

ate

(%)

Figure 2: Shows the change in germination rate for each of the fumigation treatment over time for the family 111076.WL. Week 21 began on 5/19/2014.

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181210.WL Height (in) Diameter (mm) Bud set (class)Week Week Week

Plot # Tree # 27 29 31 32 29 31 32 29 31 32

Tri-Brom 80

1

1 3.4 4.9 6.9 7.9 2.7 3.8 4.2 1 1 1

2 3.3 5.0 7.5 8.1 2.7 3.6 4.0 1 1 1

3 3.8 6.5 9.0 9.5 2.8 3.8 4.0 1 2 1

4 4.3 7.1 9.4 10.0 2.8 3.3 4.0 1 2 3

5 2.3 3.5 5.6 7.8 2.1 3.3 3.5 1 1 2

6 3.1 4.6 7.1 9.5 2.3 3.0 3.6 1 1 1

2

1 2.4 3.6 6.0 6.5 2.0 2.6 2.7 1 1 2

2 2.4 3.1 4.3 5.3 2.1 2.3 2.7 1 1 1

3 1.6 3.8 3.8 4.8 1.8 2.4 2.8 1 1 1

4 1.5 2.0 2.6 3.4 2.0 2.5 2.6 1 1 1

5 1.9 2.6 4.3 5.5 1.9 2.7 3.0 1 1 1

6 1.5 2.9 4.0 5.0 1.8 2.7 3.0 1 1 1

3

1 2.0 2.8 4.3 5.1 2.1 2.7 2.8 1 1 1

2 2.4 3.5 4.8 5.6 2.2 2.9 3.1 1 1 1

3 2.8 4.1 6.0 7.0 2.4 2.7 2.9 1 1 2

4 2.0 3.0 4.1 5.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 1 1 1

5 2.3 3.5 5.6 7.3 2.1 2.4 2.6 1 1 1

6 1.5 2.1 3.4 4.3 1.9 2.1 2.4 1 1 1

Minimum 1.5 2.0 2.6 3.4 1.8 2.1 2.4

Maximum 4.3 7.1 9.4 10.0 2.8 3.8 4.2

Average 2.5 3.8 5.5 6.5 2.2 2.8 3.1

Standard Deviation 0.8 1.4 1.9 2.0 0.3 0.5 0.6

Table 5: Shows the height, diameter, and bud set measurements for the Tri-Brom 80 fumigation treatment for family 181210.WL. Week 27 began on 6/30/2014.

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Table 6: Shows the height, diameter, and bud set measurements for the TE-3 at 250lbs/ac fumigation treatment for family 181210.WL. Week 27 began on 6/30/2014.


Plot #

Tree # 27 29 31 32 29 31 32 29 31 32

TE-3 at 250lbs/ac

4

1 1.4 2.1 3.6 5.3 1.7 2.0 2.6 1 1 1

2 1.9 2.9 4.6 5.9 1.8 2.4 2.6 1 1 1

3 1.6 2.3 3.9 5.5 1.7 2.1 2.8 1 1 1

4 1.3 2.0 3.1 4.1 1.6 2.1 2.4 1 1 1

5 1.8 2.8 4.3 5.6 2.5 2.9 3.2 1 1 1

6 1.5 2.3 4.3 6.0 1.7 2.4 2.5 1 1 1

5

1 2.4 4.1 6.4 8.3 2.0 2.8 3.1 1 1 2

2 2.4 3.9 6.5 7.3 2.1 2.7 3.1 1 2 1

3 2.1 3.4 5.0 6.9 2.1 2.8 3.0 1 1 1

4 1.9 3.1 5.3 6.8 2.1 2.6 2.9 1 1 1

5 1.9 2.6 4.5 6.0 2.0 2.8 3.1 1 1 1

6 2.3 3.6 6.8 8.0 1.9 2.5 2.7 1 1 1

6

1 2.3 3.6 6.4 7.0 2.0 2.6 3.0 1 1 1

2 2.5 3.8 6.4 8.0 2.6 3.3 3.6 1 1 2

3 1.9 2.8 4.0 5.5 1.7 2.2 2.4 1 1 1

4 2.3 3.8 6.0 7.5 2.0 2.6 2.7 1 1 1

5 2.1 2.9 4.1 5.4 1.6 2.1 2.5 1 1 1

6 1.8 2.4 4.3 5.3 2.1 2.8 3.0 1 1 1

Minimum 1.3 2.0 3.1 4.1 1.6 2.0 2.4

Maximum 2.5 4.1 6.8 8.3 2.6 3.3 3.6

Average 1.9 3.0 5.0 6.3 1.9 2.5 2.8

Standard Deviation

0.4 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

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181210.WLHeight (in) Diameter (mm) Bud set (class)

Week Week WeekPlot #

Tree # 27 29 31 32 29 31 32 29 31 32

TE-3 at 300lbs/ac

7

1 1.9 2.8 4.4 5.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 1 1 1

2 2.3 4.1 5.3 6.0 2.1 3.1 3.1 1 1 1

3 2.0 2.5 3.6 4.5 1.6 2.0 2.4 1 1 1

4 2.6 3.5 5.0 6.0 2.3 2.6 2.8 1 1 1

5 1.9 2.6 4.5 5.9 1.7 2.3 2.6 1 1 1

6 2.0 3.0 4.8 5.5 1.8 2.2 2.6 1 1 1

8

1 2.0 3.0 4.6 5.8 1.9 2.2 2.7 1 1 2

2 1.6 2.1 2.5 3.0 1.6 1.8 2.4 1 1 1

3 1.8 2.6 4.1 5.3 1.8 2.1 2.8 1 1 1

4 1.9 2.8 4.5 6.1 2.1 2.3 2.7 1 1 1

5 2.4 3.5 5.3 6.8 1.7 2.5 2.9 1 1 1

6 2.3 3.4 5.1 6.5 2.1 2.5 2.6 1 1 1

9

1 1.5 2.4 3.9 4.9 2.1 2.5 2.7 1 1 1

2 1.5 2.4 3.6 4.8 1.6 1.9 2.7 1 1 1

3 1.5 2.3 4.0 5.3 1.9 2.9 3.0 1 1 1

4 2.0 3.3 5.4 7.1 1.8 2.4 2.7 1 1 1

5 2.0 3.8 6.1 7.8 2.2 3.1 3.2 1 1 1

6 1.8 2.9 4.8 6.1 1.9 2.6 2.8 1 1 1

Minimum 1.5 2.1 2.5 3.0 1.6 1.8 2.4

Maximum 2.6 4.1 6.1 7.8 2.3 3.1 3.2

Average 1.9 2.9 4.5 5.7 1.9 2.4 2.7

Standard Deviation

0.3 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.2

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Plot #

Tree # 27 29 31 32 29 31 32 29 31 32

TE-3 at 350lbs/ac

10

1 2.1 3.3 4.6 5.6 2.4 2.9 3.0 1 1 1

2 2.1 3.1 5.0 6.1 1.9 2.6 2.9 1 1 1

3 2.3 3.5 5.3 6.5 2.0 2.5 3.1 1 1 1

4 2.4 4.0 6.1 6.8 2.1 2.2 2.9 1 1 1

5 2.8 4.1 5.9 7.1 2.2 2.4 2.9 1 1 1

6 2.8 2.6 4.3 5.0 2.1 2.4 2.7 1 1 1

11

1 1.8 2.5 4.0 5.3 1.8 2.2 2.5 1 1 1

2 1.6 2.0 3.1 4.1 1.4 1.7 1.9 1 1 1

3 1.8 3.0 4.5 5.8 1.7 2.2 2.9 1 1 1

4 2.3 3.8 5.8 7.1 2.3 2.7 3.0 1 1 1

5 2.3 3.8 5.6 6.5 2.3 2.5 3.0 1 1 1

6 2.6 4.3 6.9 7.9 2.5 2.9 2.9 1 1 1

12

1 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.0 1.5 1.7 2.3 1 1 1

2 2.4 3.1 4.4 5.1 2.0 2.1 2.5 1 1 1

3 2.0 3.3 5.4 6.8 2.2 2.9 3.2 1 1 1

4 1.6 2.5 3.5 4.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 1 1 1

5 1.5 3.0 5.1 6.5 1.8 2.1 2.2 1 1 2

6 1.5 2.5 4.0 5.0 1.6 2.0 2.5 1 1 1

Minimum 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.0 1.4 1.7 1.9

Maximum 2.8 4.3 6.9 7.9 2.5 2.9 3.2

Average 2.0 3.1 4.8 5.8 2.0 2.3 2.7

Standard Deviation

0.5 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

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Table 9: Shows the height, diameter, and bud set measurements for the Tri-Brom 80 fumigation treatment for family 111076.WL. Week 27 began on 6/30/2014.



Tree # 27 29 31 32 29 31 32 29 31 32

Tri-Brom 80

22

1 2.5 4.1 6.6 7.9 2.1 2.6 3.1 1 1 1

2 2.8 4.3 6.5 7.0 2.0 2.4 2.8 1 1 1

3 2.8 4.1 6.3 8.1 2.3 2.9 3.6 1 1 1

4 2.8 4.9 6.9 7.1 2.3 2.9 3.5 1 2 3

5 2.0 3.3 5.5 6.6 2.0 2.5 2.6 1 1 1

6 2.6 4.3 6.0 6.1 2.2 2.5 2.7 1 2 3

23

1 2.4 3.5 5.3 5.8 2.0 2.5 2.8 1 1 2

2 1.8 2.8 4.5 5.1 1.5 2.0 2.2 1 1 2

3 3.3 5.1 8.0 9.1 2.2 3.3 3.7 1 1 2

4 1.6 2.6 4.3 5.5 1.6 2.2 2.6 1 1 1

5 2.3 3.5 5.1 6.3 1.8 2.4 2.6 1 1 1

6 1.6 2.6 4.5 6.0 1.8 2.4 2.6 1 1 1

24

1 2.8 4.0 5.8 6.6 2.5 2.7 2.9 1 1 2

2 1.9 2.6 4.3 5.4 2.1 2.4 2.6 1 1 1

3 3.0 4.8 6.8 7.0 2.0 2.7 2.8 1 2 1

4 2.0 3.1 4.8 5.5 2.1 2.5 3.0 1 1 1

5 2.4 3.6 5.4 6.5 2.1 2.6 2.7 1 1 2

6 1.4 2.1 3.3 4.5 1.1 1.8 2.1 1 1 1

Minimum 1.4 2.1 3.3 4.5 1.1 1.8 2.1

Maximum 3.3 5.1 8.0 9.1 2.5 3.3 3.7

Average 2.3 3.6 5.5 6.5 2.0 2.5 2.8

Standard Deviation

0.5 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.4

15




Tree # 27 29 31 32 29 31 32 29 31 32

TE-3 at 250lbs/ac

19

1 1.5 2.1 3.1 4.0 1.4 1.7 2.0 1 1 1

2 2.0 3.0 4.1 5.3 2.0 2.7 2.8 1 1 1

3 1.9 2.6 3.8 4.8 2.1 2.6 2.8 1 1 1

4 1.6 2.1 3.1 4.0 1.5 1.8 2.4 1 1 1

5 2.4 3.4 4.3 5.5 1.9 2.6 2.7 1 1 1

6 2.1 3.1 4.1 4.8 1.7 2.0 2.1 1 1 1

20

1 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.5 2.2 2.3 2.4 1 1 1

2 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.1 1.6 2.0 2.2 1 1 1

3 2.0 2.8 4.3 5.5 1.9 2.2 2.6 1 1 1

4 1.9 2.5 3.4 3.9 1.8 2.2 2.4 1 1 1

5 1.8 2.5 3.8 5.0 1.7 2.2 2.4 1 1 1

6 1.9 2.6 4.4 4.9 1.5 2.0 2.1 1 1 2

21

1 3.0 4.5 6.3 6.6 2.0 2.7 2.8 1 1 2

2 1.6 2.6 3.6 4.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 1 1 1

3 2.5 4.1 6.0 6.1 2.5 3.1 3.2 1 2 2

4 2.3 3.3 4.5 5.3 2.0 2.2 2.8 1 1 1

5 2.1 3.3 4.6 5.0 1.8 2.4 2.5 1 1 1

6 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.1 1.7 2.2 2.3 1 1 1

Minimum 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.1 1.4 1.7 2.0

Maximum 3.0 4.5 6.3 6.6 2.5 3.1 3.2

Average 2.0 2.9 4.0 4.8 1.8 2.3 2.5

Standard Deviation

0.4 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3

16




Tree # 27 29 31 32 29 31 32 29 31 32

TE-3 at 300lbs/ac

16

1 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 1 1 1

2 2.4 3.1 4.5 5.1 2.1 2.3 2.5 1 1 1

3 1.9 2.3 3.1 3.8 1.8 2.1 2.5 1 1 1

4 1.9 2.9 3.8 4.1 1.9 2.0 2.5 1 1 1

5 2.0 2.5 3.3 4.0 1.6 2.1 2.2 1 1 1

6 2.1 3.0 4.0 5.1 2.0 2.5 2.7 1 1 1

17

1 1.8 2.6 4.3 5.6 1.7 2.3 2.7 1 1 1

2 1.9 3.1 4.9 5.8 1.9 2.6 2.7 1 1 1

3 2.1 3.5 4.8 5.1 1.8 2.1 2.2 1 1 2

4 1.5 2.3 3.6 4.3 1.7 2.2 2.3 1 1 1

5 1.9 2.8 3.5 3.6 1.8 2.7 3.3 1 1 2

6 2.1 2.8 4.0 4.5 1.7 2.3 2.7 1 1 1

18

1 1.8 2.4 3.4 4.5 1.8 2.0 2.6 1 1 1

2 1.8 2.0 2.8 3.4 1.7 2.1 2.3 1 1 1

3 2.6 3.3 4.1 5.0 1.9 1.9 2.3 1 1 1

4 2.0 2.6 3.5 4.5 1.9 2.2 2.6 1 1 1

5 1.9 2.9 4.1 5.1 1.8 2.3 2.8 1 1 1

6 2.3 3.6 5.8 6.5 1.6 2.3 2.9 1 1 2

Minimum 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 1.2 1.6 2.0

Maximum 2.6 3.6 5.8 6.5 2.1 2.7 3.3

Average 2.0 2.7 3.9 4.6 1.8 2.2 2.5

Standard Deviation

0.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.3

17




Tree # 27 29 31 32 29 31 32 29 31 32

TE-3 at 350lbs/ac

13

1 1.6 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.0 2.3 2.5 1 2 1

2 2.0 2.9 3.3 3.4 1.9 2.6 2.9 1 1 1

3 2.3 3.8 5.5 6.5 2.0 2.7 2.9 1 1 1

4 1.9 3.4 4.5 4.8 1.9 2.7 2.8 1 2 1

5 2.4 2.6 4.0 5.3 2.3 2.9 3.2 1 1 2

6 2.1 3.6 5.9 7.8 1.8 2.3 2.6 1 1 2

14

1 2.0 3.1 4.5 4.8 2.0 2.5 2.9 1 2 1

2 2.5 3.8 6.0 7.5 2.0 2.6 3.0 1 1 1

3 2.4 3.6 5.5 6.8 1.7 2.3 2.6 1 1 1

4 2.1 3.1 5.1 6.9 2.0 2.7 3.5 1 1 1

5 1.8 2.5 4.5 6.3 1.8 2.2 2.9 1 1 1

6 2.4 3.4 4.8 5.9 2.2 2.5 2.9 1 1 1

15

1 1.3 1.8 2.6 4.0 1.0 1.8 1.9 1 1 1

2 2.0 2.9 4.5 6.0 1.7 2.5 2.8 1 1 1

3 2.9 4.3 7.0 8.5 2.1 3.0 3.5 1 1 2

4 2.3 3.3 5.1 6.6 2.2 2.9 3.1 1 1 1

5 2.8 4.1 6.5 8.0 2.1 2.7 3.1 1 1 2

6 2.9 4.6 7.3 8.0 2.2 2.9 3.2 1 2 3

Minimum 1.3 1.8 2.6 2.9 1.0 1.8 1.9

Maximum 2.9 4.6 7.3 8.5 2.3 3.0 3.5

Average 2.2 3.3 5.0 6.1 1.9 2.6 2.9

Standard Deviation

0.4 0.7 1.3 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.4

18

27 29 31 320.0

0.6

1.1

1.7

2.2

2.8

3.3

3.9

4.4

5.0

5.5

6.1

6.6

7.2

Family 181210.WL

Tri-Brom 80

TE-3 at 250lbs/ac

TE-3 at 300lbs/ac

TE-3 at 350lbs/ac

Week

Hieg

ht(in

)

Figure 3: Show the change in height over time for each of the fumigation treatment methods for family 181210.WL. Week 27 began on 6/30/2014.

19

27 29 31 320.0

0.6

1.1

1.7

2.2

2.8

3.3

3.9

4.4

5.0

5.5

6.1

6.6

7.2

Family 111076.WL

Tri-Brom 80

TE-3 at 250lbs/ac

TE-3 at 300lbs/ac

TE-3 at 350lbs/ac

Week

Hieg

ht(in

)


20

29 31 320.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Family 181210.WL


Week

Diam

eter

(mm

)

Figure 5: Show the change in diameter over time for each of the fumigation treatment methods for family 181210.WL. Week 27 began on 6/30/2014.

21

29 31 320.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Family 111076.WL


Week

Diam

eter

(mm

)


22

References

Carpenter, J. The Importance of Soil Fumigation: Nursery Crops. , 1-10. June 2013 Retrieved, from http://croplifefoundation.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/nurserycrops-2013.pdf

Reliable Process for Planning and Management of Soil Fumigation. Weyerhaeuser Company Southern Regeneration. , 1-58. May 13, 2014.

TriEst Ag Group, Inc. (2012, May 6). TE-3 Fumigant. [Material Safety Data Sheet].

TriEst Ag Group, Inc. (2012, October 26). Tri-Brom 80. [Material Safety Data Sheet].

23

Attachment 1: Map of Nursery/Fumigation Treatment Block

24

25

Attachment 2: Map of Soil Fumigation Treatments in Block 1-5

Attachment 3: Bed Diagram

26

Documents

Investigation of the Efficiency of TE-3 Soil Fumigation on Pine Seedlings at the Weyerhaeuser Quail Ridge Nursery