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Investigation of Multiphase Flow Behavior in Horizontal Gas Wells. Rosmer Brito. Outline. Objective Introduction Literature Review Study Plan Small Scale Facility Experimental Range Testing Program Instrumentation Near Future Tasks. Objectives. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects
Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Investigation of Multiphase Flow Behavior in Horizontal
Gas Wells
Rosmer Brito
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Outline
Objective Introduction Literature Review Study Plan Small Scale Facility Experimental Range Testing Program Instrumentation Near Future Tasks
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Objectives
Investigation of Multiphase Flow Characteristics for Horizontal Oil and Gas Wells Experimentally Using a Small Scale Facility (2-in.
ID) Theoretically by Developing a Mechanistic Liquid
Loading Criterion
Investigate Effects of Wells Geometry and Trajectory
Development of a Predictive Software Tool
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Introduction
United States Shale Gas Plays
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Introduction …
U.S. natural gas production, 1990-2035 (trillion cubic feet)
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Hydraulic Fracture in Horizontal Wells
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Water Production In Horizontal Gas Wells
80% Water Used for Hydraulic Fracture Spreads in the Reservoir After Flow Back
Below/Above Water Formations Fractures extends to Water Bearing Layers
Continues Water Production
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Horizontal Section in Gas Wells
Liquid Loading Occurs When Gas Production Declines Associated Liquids are not Lifted Intermittent or No Gas Production
HL in the Horizontal Section Impair Production Before Loading is Evident Slug Flow from Horizontal Wellbore to Tubing Liquid Loading is Affected by Well Deviation
CSU/SPE 149477
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Literature Review
Turner (1969) Water Production Affects Flow Characteristic of the Wells Liquid Generates Back Pressure Slugging
Design: Affects HL and dP/dL Prediction Production: Affects Well Test Results
Proposed Physical Models Liquid Film Movement Along the Wall of the PipeLiquid Droplet Entrainment on the High Velocity Gas CoreComparison with Field Data
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Literature Review …
Coleman (1991) Parameters Affecting Liquid Loading
Liquids Gravity and Surface Tension Water and Oil are Presented Onset of LoadingTubing IDPressure
Minor Influence Temperature, Gas Gravity and Interfacial Tension
Wells that Exhibit Slugging Behavior May not Follow Liquid-Droplet Model Different Transport Mechanism
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Literature Review …
Sarica, Shoham and Brill (1991) Flow Behavior in Hilly Terrain Pipelines with Low
Gas/Liquid Gravity Dominated Steady or Unsteady Flow Transient Behavior
Pipe GeometryGas Compressibility
Rigorous Terrain Slugging Model
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Literature Review …
Meng (2001) Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Tests for Inclination
Angles of - 2, 0, + 2 in a 2 in. ID Pipe Pressure Gradient is Much Higher Than Single
Phase Case Slightly Change in Inclination Angle Affects
Liquid Holdup
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Literature Review …
Zhang and Sarica (2011) Stratified Flow Low Liquid Loading Gas/Liquid Flow
in Horizontal and Slightly Downward Inclined Pipes
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Literature Review …
Zhang and Sarica (2011) Flow Patterns:
Smooth Interface2D Waves3D WavesRoll WavesEntrainment
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Literature Review …
Zhang, and Sarica (2011) Upward Inclination
HL Qg < QcriticalTransition from SS to SL flow dP/dL
Almost All Empirical Correlations are Inadequate for the Predictions of Low Liquid Loading Flow Behavior
Mechanistic Models Requires Improvement of Closure Relationships
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Literature Review …
Liang-Biao Ouyang (2000) Influence of Influx on Single Phase
and Multiphase Wellbore Flow Experiments 1993-1997 100-ft (30.5 m)-Long Horizontal Wellbore Axial Flow and Radial Influx Different Wellbore IDs, Gravel Packs, Perforation
Types and Densities Pressure Drop Prediction
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Literature Review …
Most of These Studies were Focused on Horizontal Pipes
Knowledge in Horizontal Wells Multiphase Flow is Limited
Complex Configurations (Undulations) have not been Investigated in Majority of Studies
Multiple Fluid Entry Locations have not been Considered
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Study Plan
ExperimentalDesign and Construct a Versatile
Facility Perform Testing Based on Prioritized
Schedule Model Development for Prediction
Loading and Flow Conditions
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Small Scale Facility
Overall Cost ~ $50,000 Two Months of Construction Time
Facility will be Ready by Nov. 1st, 2012 Low Modification Effort Quick Results Preliminary Results can be Utilized for Large Scale
Loop Design and Instrument Selection and Location Some Artificial Lift Methods can also be Tested
Needs to Be Identified
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Small Scale Facility …
SubmergiblePump
2 ’’
Water TankControl
ValveCVW
CoriolisMeterMMW
2 ’’
2 ’’
2 ’’
TTW
PT1
DP1DP2
Camera
C1C2C3
C4C5
C6
C7
12
3
45
6 C8
1 No Intrusive Capacitance Sensor
40’ ( 240D )
Quick Closing Valve
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Experimental Range …
SubmergiblePump
2 ’’
Water TankControl
ValveCVW
CoriolisMeterMMW
2 ’’
2 ’’
2 ’’
TTW
PT1
DP1DP2
Camera
C1C2C3
C4C5
C6
C7
12
3
45
6 C8
1 No Intrusive Capacitance Sensor
40’ ( 240D )
Quick Closing Valve
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Experimental Range …
Flow Pattern Map (= -1)
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Experimental Range …
SubmergiblePump
2 ’’
Water TankControl
ValveCVW
CoriolisMeterMMW
2 ’’
2 ’’
2 ’’
TTW
PT1
DP1DP2
Camera
C1C2C3
C4C5
C6
C7
12
3
45
6 C8
1 No Intrusive Capacitance Sensor
40’ ( 240D )
Quick Closing Valve
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Experimental Range …
Flow Pattern Map (= 0)
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Experimental Range …
SubmergiblePump
2 ’’
Water TankControl
ValveCVW
CoriolisMeterMMW
2 ’’
2 ’’
2 ’’
TTW
PT1
DP1DP2
Camera
C1C2C3
C4C5
C6
C7
12
3
45
6 C8
1 No Intrusive Capacitance Sensor
40’ ( 240D )
Quick Closing Valve
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Experimental Range …
Flow Pattern Map (= +1)
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Testing Program
Static Liquid TestsqLin=0Liquid Volume, VL>0
Dynamic Liquid TestsqLin>0
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Static Tests
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Static Tests
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Static Tests
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Static Tests
Gas
Supe
rfic
ial
Gas
Vel
ocity
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Static Tests
Gas
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Static Tests …
Gas
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Dynamic Tests
Water Gas
VSW=0.003 m/s – 0.03 m/s VSG=0.3 m/s –16 m/s
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Dynamic Tests …
Determine Multiphase Flow Characteristics for Undulating Section Flow Pattern Pressure Drop Liquid Holdup Water Blockage Phenomena
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Instrumentation
Clamp on Capacitance Sensor
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Instrumentation …
Quick Closing Valve System
V1
V2
QCV
TEST SECTION
AIR
T2
P1T1
P2
WATER
PRESURRIZED VESSEL
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Instrumentation …
Flow Pattern ObservationFlow Pattern Evaluation Videos in the
Inlet, Undulating and Vertical Section by Utilizing Outdoor Surveillance Cameras
High Speed Camera Willbe Connected to the
Undulating Section
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Instrumentation …
Film Flow Direction Wall Shear Stress Sensor
Wall Shear Stress MeasurementNear Wall Flow Direction Indicator Commercial Device for Direct Wall Shear Stress
Measurement Lenterra RealShear™ F - Series
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Near Future Tasks
Completion of Construction of the Facility (November 2012)
Testing Starting in November 2012
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Thanks …
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Questions