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Investigating the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture as the next generation GÉANT and NREN network architecture
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Sander Vrijders, Dimitri Staessens, Didier Colle Ghent University - iMinds GN3plus JRA1 and TERENA 3rd Network Architects Workshop
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Challenges faced by network engineers
Explosion in the complexity of the overall system (hundreds of protocols and thousands of standards documents) Weak security Scalability issues with the routing system
(IPv6/BGP multihoming) Mobile end-users
No QoS support
High OPEX
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The Internet is a live environment
Ever growing customer base Ever growing number of devices New and more demanding services RAD of services Fast deployment “whac-a-mole” approach to solving problems
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RINA A brief introduction to the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture
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Mgt. Tasks
Application Process
Components Application specific tasks Management tasks
Application Specific Tasks Renderi
ng Game engine
Task schedul
ing
Memory mgt
Mechanism Static, invariant parts
Policy Dynamic, variant parts Occurs in pairs
Sender Receiver
IPC RIB
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Distributed Application
X
Y
X X
Y X X X
Processing system: hardware and software capable of executing programs as Application Processes that can coordinate via shared memory (“test and set”) Computing system: a collection of processing systems under the same management domain with no restrictions on connectivity
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Mgt. Tasks
Application Process
Components Application specific tasks Management tasks IPC Management tasks
DIF Allocator: Finds remote application processes IRM: manages DA requests Multiplexing: SDUs from different tasks SDU protection: Integrity and security
IPC Resource Manager
DIF Allocator SDU Protection
Multiplexing
IPC Mgt. Tasks
Application Specific Tasks Renderi
ng Game engine
Task schedul
ing
Memory mgt IPC RIB
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Distributed Applications
host host Edge router Edge router Internal AS router
X Y Common Distributed Application Protocol
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Common Distributed Application Protocol (CDAP)
Perform operations on RIB objects Create/Delete Read/Write Start/Stop
But what about different applications? The objects they manipulate Control and sequencing of operations …
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Distributed Applications Provide IPC services
host host Edge router Edge router Internal AS router
X Y
A1 A2 B1 B2
C2 C1 E1 E2
F1 F2 F3 F4
D1 D3 D2
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Effectively extending the IPC model
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IPC API
APs communicate using a port, identified by a portId 6 operations:
int _registerApp(appName, List<difName>) portId _allocateFlow(destAppName, List<QoSParams>) int _write(portId, sdu) sdu _read(portId) int _deallocate(portId) int _unregisterApp(appName, List<difName>)
QoSParams are defined in a technology-agnostic way
Bandwidth-related, delay, jitter, in-order-delivery, loss rates, …
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The IPC process
IPC Process
IPC API
Data Transfer Data Transfer Control Layer Management
SDU Delimiting
Data Transfer
Relaying and Multiplexing
SDU Protection
Transmission Control
Retransmission Control
Flow Control
RIB Daemon
RIB CDAP Parser/Generator
CACEP
Enrollment
Flow Allocation
Resource Allocation
Forwarding Table Generator
Authentication
State Vector State Vector State Vector
Data Transfer Data Transfer
Transmission Control
Transmission Control
Retransmission Control
Retransmission Control
Flow Control Flow Control
Appl. Process
IPC Resource
Mgt.
DIF Allocator
SDU Protec
tion
Multiplexing
IPC Mgt. Tasks
Other Mgt. Tasks
Application Specific Tasks • Authentication of all processes
• RIB Daemon manages state objects • EFCP protocol performs SDU transport
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Error and Flow Control Protocol
DTP Fragmentation Reassembly Sequencing Concatenation Separation
DTCP Retransmission control Flow control Transmission control
Loosely coupled by a state vector Based on Delta-t
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Delta-t (Watson, 1981)
Developed at L.Livermore labs, unique approach. Assumes all connections exist all the time. keep caches of state on ones with recent activity
Watson proves that the conditions for distributed synchronization are met if and only if 3 timers are bounded:
Maximum Packet Lifetime: MPL Maximum number of Retries: R Maximum time before Ack: A
That no explicit state synchronization, i.e. hard state, is necessary. SYNs, FINs are unnecessary
1981:Watson shows that TCP has all three timers and more.
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RMT
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Shims
Wrap a technology with the IPC API Physical medium Legacy technology – Ethernet – IP
Hypervisors Not required to add functionality So it’s an “incomplete” DIF
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Basic concept of RINA
IP (L3)
Ethernet (L2)
Physical Media (L1)
Applications
TCP/UDP (L4)
IEEE 802.1Q (L2)
IEEE 802.1ah (L2)
10GBASE-ER (L1)
Applications
MPLS (L2.5)
IP (L3)
IP (L3)
UDP (L4)
VXLAN(L2)
IP (L3)
UDP (L4)
Physical Media
Applications
DIF
DIF
DIF
DIF
IEEE 802.3 (L2)
Theory
Everyday practice
RINA
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Bootstrapping a RINA network
host host Edge router Edge router Internal AS router
X Y
A1 A2 B1 B2
C2 C1 D2 D1 D3 E1 E2
F1 F2 F3 F4
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Architectural Model
DIF
System (Host)
IPC Process
Shim IPC Process
Mgmt Agemt
System (Router)
Shim IPC Process
Shim IPC Process
IPC Process
Mgmt Agemt
System (Host)
IPC Process
Shim IPC Process
Mgmt Agemt
Appl. Process
Shim DIF
over TCP/UDP
Shim DIF
over Ethernet
Appl. Process
IPC API
Data Transfer Data Transfer Control Layer Management
SDU Delimiting
Data Transfer
Relaying and Multiplexing
SDU Protection
Transmission Control
Retransmission Control
Flow Control
RIB Daemon
RIB CDAP Parser/Generator
CACEP
Enrollment
Flow Allocation
Resource Allocation
Forwarding Table Generator
Authentication
State Vector State Vector State Vector
Data Transfer Data Transfer
Transmission Control
Transmission Control
Retransmission Control
Retransmission Control
Flow Control Flow Control
IPC Resource
Mgt.
DIF Allocator
SDU Protec
tion
Multiplexing
IPC Mgt. Tasks
Other Mgt. Tasks
Application Specific Tasks
Increasing timescale (functions performed less often) and complexity
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IRATI PROTOTYPE
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IRATI OS/Linux implementation
Source: S. Vrijders, F. Salvestrini, E.Grasa, M. Tarzan, L. Bergesio, D. Staessens, D. Colle “ Prototyping [RINA], the IRATI project approach”, IEEE Network, March 2014
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Prototype performances
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GEANT3+ IRINA
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IRINA - Intro
Investigating RINA as the next generation GEANT and NREN network architecture (IRINA) GEANT3+ project
Started Oct 2013, ends March 2015 (18 months) 4 Partners:
[Research] iMinds VZW(Belgium) [Research] Fundació Privada i2CAT (Spain) [Research] Waterford Institute of Technology – Telecommunications Software & Systems Group (Ireland) [SME] Nextworks s.r.l. (Italy)
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IRINA – Overview/Objectives
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GEANT Border Router
IPC Process
IPC Process
IPC Process
IPC Process
IPC Process
P2P DIF P2P DIF
P2P DIF
IPC Process
P2P DIF
IPC Process
IPC Process
P2P DIF
IPC Process
IPC Process
Client Border Router
NREN Border Router
NREN Border Router
NREN Border Router
NREN Border Router
NREN Interior Router
NREN Interior Router
Top-Level DIF
Aggregation DIF
Backbone DIF
Aggregation DIFs
DIF 1 DIF 2
DIF 3
DIF 4
Backbone DIF
GEANT DIF
DIF 1 DIF 2
DIF 4 DIF 5
DIF 3
DIF 6 Top Level DIFs
GEANT DIF
IPC Process
P2P DIF P2P DIF
IPC Process
Client DIF
Multi DIFs (e.g. Public Internet DIF, application-specific DIF, etc)
P2P DIF
Client DIF
Internal NREN network design
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Lab trials of RINA
rina-echo-time application of IRATI basic ping functionality rudimentary bandwidth testing capabilities
Traffic generation tool is needed
Netperf Distributed Internet Traffic Generator Ostinato
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Traffic modelling
IEEE 802.16 Interrupted Poisson Processes (IPP) Interrupted Renewal Processes (IRP) Interrupted Discrete Processes (IDP)
4IPP IDP, 2IDP, 4IDP 2IRP
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IRATI DEMO
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Demo setup
Application Process
Application Process
IPC Process
IPC Process
Shim IPC Process
Shim IPC Process
Host A Host B
Shim DIF
Normal DIF A
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RINA TIMELINE Where does the IRINA project fit in the big picture?
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An optimistic timeline
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2011
PRISTINE 01/2014-06/2016
National and Individual projects
(US/EU)
Inter-university RINA / IPSec tunnels
Small lab prototypes Linux kernel prototype
Mature Linux kernel prototype
IRATI 01/2013-12/2014
ALL-RINA networks
Initial specification (PSOC)
Standardisation (ISO/SC6)
NREN lab prototypes
IRINA 10/13-03/14
RINA DIFs supported by NRENs
DIFs being adopted by
Carriers
Future research projects
COTS Commercial products
Niche Commercial products
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Upcoming workshops
Globecom Workshop “Alternatives to TCP/IP” 8-12 December, Austin TX US
RINA workshop
28-29 January 2015, Ghent Belgium
TERENA TNC 2015 June, Porto, Portugal
Summer school 2015 (?)
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www.geant.net
www.twitter.com/GEANTnews | www.facebook.com/GEANTnetwork | www.youtube.com/GEANTtv
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Thank you!