INVENTARISASI GAS RUMAH KACASEKTOR KEHUTANAN

Ari Wibowo

Gelar Teknologi Badan Litbang KehutananJakarta, 19 November 2009

LatarLatar BelakangBelakang LULUCF sbg sektor penting : Global 18%,

Nasional 74% (INC) Laporan – laporan, selalu dengan dan tanpa

LULUCF : Tanpa LULUCF Indonesia peringkat 15 (WRI, 2005), dengan LUCF peringkat 15 (WRI, 2005), dengan LUCF peringkat 3

Telah dilakukan inventarisasi GRK menggunakan IPCC GL 2006 untuk SNC

Perlu sosialisasi tentang inventarisasi GRK LULUCF untuk hasil yang MRV

Emisi di Indonesia NATCOM I

Sumber emisi AFOLU

METODE INVENTORY LULUCF

Emission = Activity Data x Emission Factor SNC base year 2000, trend 2000-2005 Activity Data menggunakan laporan-laporan (statistik

kehutanan, statistik Indonesia, FAO danliteratur/laporan lainnya).

Penyesuaian dengan data terakhir hasil rekalkulasi Penyesuaian dengan data terakhir hasil rekalkulasi2008 oleh Ditjenplan

Emission Factor menggunakan IPCC Default dan local studies

Metode inventarisasi menggunakan IPCC GL, 2006 dan mapping back menggunakan IPCC GL revised 1996.

Activity Data : Activity Data : DeforestasiDeforestasi ((StatistikStatistik KehutananKehutanan) ) daridariSPOT VEGETATION SPOT VEGETATION imagesimagesYear Deforestation (1.000 ha/year)

Sumatera Kalimantan Sulawesi Maluku Papua JawaBali and Nustra Indonesia

2000-2001 259,5 212,0 154,0 20,0 147,2 118,3 107,2 1.018,2

2001-2002 202,6 129,7 150,4 41,4 160,5 142,1 99,6 926,3

2002-2003 339,0 480,4 385,8 132,4 140,8 343,4 84,3 1.906,1

2003-2004 208,7 173,3 41,5 10,6 100,8 71,7 28,1 634,72003-2004 208,7 173,3 41,5 10,6 100,8 71,7 28,1 634,7

2004-2005 335,7 234,7 134,6 10,5 169,1 37,3 40,6 962,5

2000-2005 1.345,5 1.230,1 866,3 214,9 718,4 712,8 359,8 5.447,8

Average of Deforestation Rate period 2000-2005 is 5.447.800,0/5 = 1.089.560,00 ha/year

Source: SPOT-VEGETATION, Ministry of Forestry RI-Wageningen University, The Netherlands

Reporting Table IPCC GL 2006

GHG Source and Sink Categories

Net CO2

Emission/Removal

CH4 N2O NOx CO

(Gg)

Total Land Use Categories

A. Forest Land

A.1. FL remaining FL

A.2. Land converted to FL

B. Crop Land

B.1. CL remaining CL

B.2. Land converted to CL

C. Grass Land

C.1. GL remaining GL

C.2. Land converted to GLC.2. Land converted to GL

D. Wet Land

D.1. WL remaining WL

D.2. Land converted to WL

E. Settlements

E.1. Set. Remaining Set.

E.2. Land converted to Set.

F. Other Lands

F.1. OL. Remaining OL.

F.2. Land converted to OL.

G. Other (specify)

Biomass burning

Liming

Definisi

.

(1) Forest LandAll land with woody vegetation consistent with thresholds used to define Forest Land in the national GHG inventory, including systems with a vegetation structure that currently fall below, but in situ could potentially reach the threshold values used by a country to define the Forest Land category.

(4) WetlandsIncludes areas of peat extraction and land covered or saturated by water for all or part of the year (e.g., peatlands) and that does not fall into the Forest Land, Cropland, Grassland or Settlements categories. It includes reservoirs as a managed sub-division and natural rivers and lakes as unmanaged sub-divisions.

(3) GrasslandIncludes rangelands and pasture land that are not considered Cropland. Systems with woody vegetation and other non-grass vegetation such as herbs and brushes that fall below

(2) CroplandIncludes cropped land, including rice fields, and agro-forestry systems where the vegetation structure falls below the thresholds used for the Forest Land category.

.

(6) Other LandIncludes bare soil, rock, ice, and all land areas that do not fall into any of the other five categories.

(5) SettlementsThis category includes all developed land, including transportation infrastructure and human settlements of any size, unless they are already included under other categories. This should be consistent with national definitions

grass vegetation such as herbs and brushes that fall below the threshold values used in the Forest Land category. All grassland from wild lands to recreational areas as well as agricultural and silvi-pastural systems, consistent with national definitions.

Kategori Lahan IPCC dan Nasional

TabelPembagiankategori hutanIndonesia kedalam IPCC GL 2006

Kategori IPCC 2006 Kategori Hutan

FL Hutan Lahan Kering Primer (UD)

FL Hutan Rawa Primer (UD)

FL Hutan Mangrove Primer (UD)

FL Hutan Lahan Kering Sekunder (D)

FL Hutan Rawa Sekunder (D)

FL Hutan Mangrove Sekunder (D)

FL Hutan Tanaman

Area Penggunaan Lain (APL)

GL Belukar GL Belukar

WL Belukar rawa

OL Tanah terbuka

WL Rawa

CL Pertanian

CL Pertanian campur semak

CL Transmigrasi

S Permukiman

GL Padang rumput

CL Sawah

CL Perkebunan

OL Tambak

OL Bandara

- Air

- Awan

Tingkat kerincian (Tier)Pendekatan untuk menentukan perubahan luas (Activity Data)

Tingkat kerincian faktor emisi (Tier): perubahan cadangan karbon

1. Pendekatan Non-spasial : dari data statistik negara (mis FAO) memberikan gambaran umum

1. Memakai data yang diberikan oleh IPCC (data default values) pada skala benuamemberikan gambaran umum

perubahan luas hutanpada skala benua

2. Berdasarkan peta, hasil survey dan data statistik nasional

2. Data spesifik dari negara bersangkutan untuk beberapa jenis hutan yang dominan atau yang utama

3. Data spatial dari interpretasi penginderaan jauh dengan resolusi yang tinggi

3. Data cadangan karbon dari Inventarisasi Nasional, yang diukur secara berkala atau dengan modelling

Contoh Emission/Removal Factor Indonesia Land use/cover category MAI

(tB/ha/y)Sdev of

MAI

Lowland and hill forest formation (0-1000 m a.s.l.) 0.25 0.10

Lowland and hill logged-over forest (0-1000 m a.s.l.) 6.70 1.40

Secondary re-growth 2.23 0.85

Grassland 0.00 0.00

Mountain forest (>1000 m a.s.l.) 0.25 0.10

Fresh water swamp forest 6.04 2.20Fresh water swamp forest 6.04 2.20

Peat swamp forest 2.32 0.85

Secondary re-growth on swampy 0.04 0.01

Mangrove forest 0.25 0.10

Industrial forest plantation 9.29 3.39

Mosaic of fruit trees, cinnamon, coffee and habitation 9.70 2.20

Small holder rubber 3.57 1.59

Estate plantation (rubber, oil palm, coconut) 6.00 1.26

Sumber: Boer et al (2001; dari berbagai Sumber)

LAND CHANGE MATRIXForest Land Remaining Forest Land Land Converted to Forest Land

Crop Land Remaining Crop Land Land Converted to Crop Land

Grassland Remaining GrasslandLand Converted to Grassland Land Converted to Grassland

Wet Land Remaining Wet Land Land Converted to Wet Land

Settlement Remaining Settlement Land Converted to Settlement

Other Land Remaining Other Land Land Converted to Other Land

LCM : Forest Land TOTAL LAND 187913 187913 187913 187913 187913 187913 187913

Non Forest 88382 88382 89503 90522 91448 93354 93989

Forest land 99531 99531 98410 97391 96465 94559 93924

Land Categories Sub Categories 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

90907 91960 93924

A. Total Forest Land 100856 99531 98410 97391 96465 94559 93924

1. Forest Land remaining Forest Land 100845 99521 98390 97349 96410 94220 93897

Undisturbed NF 54557 50761 48161 46029 42780 38399 36467Undisturbed NF 54557 50761 48161 46029 42780 38399 36467

Disturbed NF 44143 46477 47867 48891 51099 53171 54648

Timber Plantation (SRS) 1032 1118 1176 1232 1320 1420 1533

Timber Plantation (LRS) 1113 1165 1187 1197 1211 1230 1249

2. Land converted to Forest Land 11 10 19 42 55 339 27

2.1 Cropland converted to Forest Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.2 Grassland converted to Forest Land Reforestation 11 10 19 42 55 339 27

2.3 Wetlands converted to Forest Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.4 Settlements converted to Forest Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.5 Other Land converted to Forest Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

LCM : Crop LandB. Total Cropland 45314 47164 50208 46030 52506 54562

1. Cropland remaining Cropland 43867 45839 49077 44248 50315 53756 11525

Palm oil 3436.1 3769.0 3974.0 4116.0 5239.0 5390.0 5630.0

Rubber 3631.5 3595.0 3345.0 3318.0 3290.0 3262.6 3346.0

Cacao 689.3 798.9 866.9 919.0 921.7 929.7

Coconut 3679.3 3696.6 3897.5 3884.9 3882.5 3886.4

Coffee 1122.4 1385.1 1322.0 1376.2 1380.8 1395.9

Rice field 7810.1 7787.3 7779.7 7748.8 8400.0 7696.2 8179.0

Others 23498.1 24806.7 27892.3 22885.3 27201.3 31194.9Others 23498.1 24806.7 27892.3 22885.3 27201.3 31194.9

2. Land converted to Cropland 1446.9 1325 1131 1781.5 2191 806.3

2.1 Forest Land converted to Cropland Palm oil 372.2 205.0 142.0 1123.0 151.0 240.0

Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83.4

Cacao 26.2 68.0 52.1 2.7 8.0 0.0

Coconut 41.0 200.9 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0

Coffee 14.8 0.0 54.2 4.6 15.1 0.0

Rice field 226.8 0.0 0.0 651.2 0.0 482.9

Others 766.0 851.1 882.7 0 2013 0

2.2 Grassland converted to Cropland

2.3 Wetlands converted to Cropland

2.4 Settlements converted to Cropland

2.5 Other Land converted to Cropland

Contoh Tabel Perhitungan Emisi IPCC GL 2006

Hasil InventoryGHG Source and sink categories

- 2000-2001

2001-2002

2002-2003

2003-2004

2004-2005

(x Gg CO2)

Total Land Use Categories

A. Forest Land

A.1. FL remaining FL - 38,758.7 53,859.4 56,938.1 71,621 50,744

A.2. Land converted to FL - 878.4 1,840.1 3,627.4 21,449 13,897

B. Crop Land - - - - -B. Crop Land - - - - -

B.1. CL remaining CL - 41,895.8 42,966.4 33,098.0 32,363 26,345

B.2. Land converted to CL - (730,696.6) (650,099.7) (1,367,265.2) (454,077) (678,466)

C. Grass Land -

C.1. GL remaining GL - - - - - -

C.2. Land converted to GL - - - - - -

D. Wet Land - - - - - -

E. Settlements - - - - - -

Total - (649,163.6) (551,433.9) (1,273,601.7) (328,644) (587,489)

G. Other (specify) - - - - - -

Sumber Emisi/Serapan Kategori /Sub Kategori Sumber Removal Sumber emisi

FL-FL (UD, D, SGP, FGP) Biomass growth Wood removal, Fuel wood removal,Fire, Drained organic soils

L-FL (Reforestation, Abandoned ricefield, Hutan Rakyat, Gerakantanam, Rehab. Mangrove)

Biomass growth, DOM -

CL-CL (Sawit, karet, kelapa, sawah, kopi, dan others)

Biomass growth Organic soil drainage

L-CL (FL-CL) (sawit, karet, Biomass growth Biomass loss, DOM dan Soil drainageL-CL (FL-CL) (sawit, karet, sawah, others)

Biomass growth Biomass loss, DOM dan Soil drainage

GL-GL Tetap Mineral soil pada lahan miring

L-GL

WL-WL

L-WL Potential : Pembangunan dam/bendungan

SL-SL

L-SL

Mapping back IPCC GL 1996LUCF categories CO2

emissionsCO2removal

CH4 N2O CO NOX

5A. Changes in forest and other woody biomass stocks 114,798.5 329,953.0

and grassland conversion729,655.2 -

5C. Abandonment of croplands, pastures, - 81,639.9 croplands, pastures, plantation forests, or other managed lands

- 81,639.9

5D. CO2 emissions and removals from soils 216,312.5 -

5E. Others (Burning)3 - 1 41

TOTAL1,060,766.2 411,592.9

3 - 1 41

Hasil Invent + Peatfire StudiNo Options Emission from

Peatfires (Mt CO2)

Total (+ 649.16 Mt CO2)

1 Study of 2000 the highest (Page et al, 2002) 711.01,360.2

2 Study of 2000 the lowest (IFCA, 2007) 2.4 652.6

3 Study of 2000 the latest (van der Warf et al. (2008)

172.0 821.2(2008)

4 Average the highest (Page et al, 2002) 3778.04,427.2

5 Average the lowest (IFCA, 2007) 6.4656.6

6 Average of all studies all years 1206.01,855.2

The latest average (van der Warf et al. (2008), 466.01115.2

Kendala dan Upaya Perbaikan untuk Inventarisasi GRK

IPCC GL 2006 memerlukan data lengkap perubahan lahan 6 kategori dan karbonpools : Data terbatas dan tidak konsisten sehingga banyak asumsi

Banyaknya tipe hutan/vegetasi memerlukan lebih banyak studi untuk local emission/removal factors

Data kebakaran peat (menggunakan studi asing) Rencana Perbaikan Dephut : Rekalkulasi 2008 dapat dilakukan setiap tahun dengan memperhatikan

kategori IPCC Deptan : Perlu data landuse yang akurat untuk setiap komoditi dan menyesuaikan

dengan IPCCSpecial attention untuk lahan gambut (fire dan drainase)dengan IPCC

Special attention untuk lahan gambut (fire dan drainase) Perlunya Institusi inventarisasi GRK