Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking

8/14/2019 Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking

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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 1

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0977_05F9_c3 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 1 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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0977_05F9_c3 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Introduction to WirelessIntroduction to Wirelessand Mobile Networkingand Mobile Networking

Session 204Session 204


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AgendaAgenda

Roadmap for the Marketplace

Technology Alternatives

Technology for DataMobilityMobile IP

Partnerships Summary

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InterBuildingCommunications

Last MileDistribution

WirelessIntrabuilding

Mobile Voice andData Communications

T1/E1 Bypass

Wireless Data NetworkersWireless Data Networkers


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MobileResidential/Premise/Campus

High-Level Wireless Market Segments

Fixed

Roadmap for the MarketplaceRoadmap for the Marketplace

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Fixed Mobile

Broadband2G

Cellular3G

Cellular

Residential/Premise/Campus

MultiserviceApplications


IP-BasedServices



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Broadband WirelessBroadband Wireless

Multiservice wireless applications

Sufficient bandwidth to support

Data, voice and video services

Potential for dynamic allocation

of bandwidthBetter utilization and flexibility

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FR/ATM

Internet

PSTN

Broadband Wireless Local LoopBroadband Wireless Local Loop

Source: WANBU, LMDS Vendors, Others


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Spectrum CoverageSpectrum Coverage

MMDS2.5 GHz

180 MHz of total BW

Good RF propagation and CPE cost

Industry is working with FCC to improvespectrum rule drawbacks

UNII5.8 GHz

100 MHz bandwidth

Unlicensedany customer can use band

LMDS28 GHz1 GHz total bandwidth

Poor RF propagation (rain fades) and higher cost CPE

Spectrum is licensed with good FCC rules

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LMDS and WorldLMDS and WorldFocus FrequenciesFocus Frequencies

Broadband Fixed WirelessBroadband Fixed Wireless

Multiservice system for competitive access

Target spectrum: 10.5, 24, 26, 28, 38 GHzBroadband point to multipoint

Two infrastructure options leverages Cisco

products and Cisco IOS

servicesa) ATM and IP backbone infrastructure

b) IP-only infrastructure


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Public Announcement ofPublic Announcement ofAlliance at SuperComAlliance at SuperCom

Joint Bids for Major ProjectsJoint Bids for Major Projects

Broad Sense of CollaborationBroad Sense of CollaborationTechnical/ArchitectureTechnical/Architecture

ProductProduct

MarketingMarketing

Sales/FulfillmentSales/Fulfillment

Bosch/Cisco AllianceBosch/Cisco Alliance

Bosch TelecomBosch Telecom

Broad PortfolioBroad Portfolioof Radiosof Radios

Network IntegrationNetwork Integration

Market EnablingMarket Enabling(Financing and(Financing andIndustry Forum, Etc.)Industry Forum, Etc.)

CiscoCisco

End-to-EndEnd-to-EndMultiservice NetworksMultiservice Networks

Enterprise SolutionsEnterprise Solutions(LAN/WAN)(LAN/WAN)

Data NetworksData NetworksLeadershipLeadership

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CPECPE

Hub ElementsBackbone ElementsSubscriberElements

Broadband WirelessService Modules

BRUBRU

ATMNetwork

IP Network

PublicTelephone

Network

BroadbandWirelessHeadend

BroadbandWirelessHeadend

MGX8220 orMGX8800

BPX8600BPX860038xx36xx

+ BW Module

DS3/E3/OC-3DS3/E3/OC-3

SRUSRU

VideoVideoModem/CodecModem/Codec

Cisco/Bosch Broadband IP+ATMCisco/Bosch Broadband IP+ATM

Wireless ArchitectureWireless Architecture

Air I/FAir I/FAir I/F


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Upstream

~

Ch1

Ch

2

Ch

3

Ch4

Ch5

Ch6

Ch7

Ch

8

Ch1

Ch2

Downstream

Ch3

Ch4

Ch5

Ch6

Ch7

~

Ch8

~

~

Broadband WirelessBroadband WirelessChannel StructuresChannel Structures

Dedicated Circuit Service (DCS)Optimized for dedicated circuit applications

Constant bit ratesT1/E1 trunks

Symmetrical/nonsymmetrical

Private/public networks

Scalable in 30 MHz channel increments

~

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Dedicated Circuit Service (DCS) Bandwidth-On-Demand (BOD)

~ ~~

45 Mbps TDM Downstream (DS)

Upstream CarrierMultiple Carriers/Channel GroupTDMA Upstream Carriers

Channel Group (CG)

Broadband WirelessBroadband Wireless

Channel Structures (Cont.)Channel Structures (Cont.)

Bandwidth-On-Demand (BOD) system

Optimized for bandwidth/equipment sharing

Single DS carrier per Channel Group (CG)

Multiple upstream carriers per CG

ATM packet protocol-based system

Supports multiservice applications

Data, voice and video, symmetric/nonsymmetrical circuits

Hybrid BOD/DCS service


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Bosch/CiscoBosch/Cisco

MMDSUNIILMDS


Fixed Mobile

Broadband2G

Cellular3G

Cellular




IP-BasedServices

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$/Perf

Shared SMB2600/3600: 28 Voice,

PBX Trunk, 10/100 LANMMDS, UNII, LMDS

Time

SharedSOHO/Telecommute

2-4 Voice, 10BT

Residential CPEPartners

Cisco Broadband WirelessCisco Broadband Wireless

IP Family RoadmapIP Family RoadmapDed. Ent./Net Backhaul

uBR 72XXMMDS, UNII


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Cisco WirelessCisco Wireless

Usesmultipath to break through theline-of-site requirement

Tolerates high-delay spread

Cost-effective data rates using multipath90 Mbps demonstrated

Adaptive space-frequency diversity

Uses two antennas to improve frequencyand time fading

Lower complexity, higher performance than QAM

Product goal:

Technically superior, easier to deploy, more robust

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RadioRadio

I.F. I.F.

MMDS

UNII

30 MHz

RadioRadio

Wireless IPWireless IP

Combination of cable Cisco UBR7200platform with wireless-based technology

Symmetrical 44.4 Mbps serial PPP link


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Wireless IP Product FeaturesWireless IP Product Features

Fiber-quality link

Greater than 10-11 BER for data; greater than10-8 BER for voice

MMDS (2.5 GHz) and UNNI (5.7 GHz) bands

Encryption support for 40 and 56 bit DESwith RSA key management

Antenna diversity35km nonLOS

Configurable channel bandwidths (6 and 12 MHz)

Configurable data rates at each bandwidth

Interface to the uBR 7246 and uBR 7223

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BackHaul ODU ConfigurationBackHaul ODU Configuration

Range of greaterthan 40km at44.4 Mbps inclear LOS channelwith 1.2m dish

35km non LOS


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ShortHop ODU ConfigurationShortHop ODU Configuration

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MMDSUNII

RadioRadio

Phase Two: Shared AccessPhase Two: Shared Access

1030 Mbps shared link

Same MCNS DOCSIS 1.0/1.1 MAC

12 Mbps average, 22 Mbps burst

RadioRadio

RadioRadio

RadioRadio

RadioRadio

RadioRadio


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Wireless Enabled CPE RouterWireless Enabled CPE Router

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CiscoCiscoWirelessWireless



MMDSUNIILMDS

Fixed Mobile

Broadband2G

Cellular3G

Cellular




IP-BasedServices


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Qualcomm High Data Rate (HDR)Qualcomm High Data Rate (HDR)

PCS IS-95/HDR CDMA data at speedsup to 2MB in 1.25 MHz channel

System designed for fixed andmobile applications

IP-based infrastructure with embedded

Cisco IOS

platform at BTS DSLequivalent service

deploymentUSWest

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Qualcomm/CiscoQualcomm/Cisco




MMDSUNIILMDS

Fixed Mobile

Broadband2G

Cellular3G

Cellular




IP-BasedServices Data

ServicesData

Services


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Wireless Data Network DriversWireless Data Network Drivers

Information access

PDAs

Network computers

Alpha paging,information

distribution

Web technology

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DataApplications

Call Forwarding 37%

Paging 33%

Internet/E-mail 24%

Traffic/Weather 15%

Conference Calling 13%News 3%

Call Forwarding 37%

Paging 33%

Internet/E-mail 24%

Traffic/Weather 15%

Conference Calling 13%News 3%

Services Most Often RequestedServices Most Often Requested

Source: CTIA Web Page

Peter D. Hart Research Associates, March 1997

After Basic Wireless Telephony Service


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BTS

MS

InterexchangeInterexchangeNetwork (IXC)Network (IXC)

LocalLoopTransitSwitchingCenter

Local ExchangeLocal ExchangeNetworkNetwork

EIREIRAUCAUC

HLRHLRVLRVLR

Wireless Network

BSCBSC MSCMSC

TSCTSC

BSCBSC MSCMSC

Cellular Telephony NetworkCellular Telephony Network

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Cellular TelephonyCellular Telephony

Service deployment worldwide

Many standards

AMPS, TDMA, GSM, CDMA, PHS, PACS,

W-CDMA, TD-CDMA, UMTS, IMT-2000

Many frequency allocations

GSM in North America vs. GSM in Europe

(1800 and 1900 MHz vs. 900 + 1800 MHz)

Multimode, multiband phones


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Packet-Based Data AllowsPacket-Based Data Allows

True mobilitynot tied to a circuit

Always on and always connected

Without continuous airtime charges

Billing based on packets sent,reflecting real resources used

With mobile IP:

The ability to tie into the home networkand the Internet

Roaming while retaining connectivityand identity

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Digital PCS Wireless DataDigital PCS Wireless Data

GPRS = General Packet Radio Servicethe GSM packet data standard

Provides access to Internet via TCP/IP

Carrier owned fixed-IP addressing

Example: Alcatel

Mobile IP = CDG proposed CDMA

packet data standardProvides access to Internet and intranet

Carrier-based and destination-based addressing

Example: Qualcomm


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Router

Router

GSN

GSN

MSCMSC

MSCMSC

Internet

SGSNSGSN

GGSNGGSN

FR Net

Transit Net

GGSN Based on Cisco Platformand Cisco IOS with Addition ofGTP, ETSI QoS and Accounting

GGSNGGSN

GGSN performsGSM gatewayservice nodefunctions

GTPGSNTunneling Protocol

Admission controland QoS

Accounting

GGSN is apacket router

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SGSNSGSN

SGSN performsGSM gatewayservice nodefunctions

GTPGSNTunneling Protocol

Admission control

and QoSAccounting

SGSN is apacket router

MSCMSC

MSCMSC

Internet

SGSNSGSN

GGSNGGSN

FR Net

Transit Net

SGSN Is Somewhat BSSVendor Specific

Router

Router

GSN

GSN


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IWFIWF

FAFA

Internet

CDMA Cellular Packet DataCDMA Cellular Packet Data

BSCBSC

BSCBSC

BTS

BTS

Backhaul

Backbone

IWF and MobileIP FA ProvideModem andPacket DataServices

MSCMSC

MSCMSC

EIREIRAUCAUCHLRHLRVLRVLR

PSTN

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MSCMSC

Internet

MSCMSC

IWFIWF

FAFA

PSTN

IWF Looks Like an AccessServer with Linterface

Protocol Support

IWFIWF

Circuitmode data gateway

MSC to IWF via Linterface

Channelized T1 withFrame Relay

Two major flavors ofL-interface control channel

On signaling channel ofT1on Ethernet

IWF modems to PSTNsupport dial data and FAX

Network connection toMobile IP Foreign Agent (FA)


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IWUIWU

Packet-data gateway

Linterface to MSC

Channelized T1 withFrame Relay SVCs

Two major flavors ofL-interface control channel

On signaling channel ofT1on Ethernet

Terminates PPP session

from mobile node (MN) Network connection to

home network via MobileIP Foreign Agent (FA)

MSCMSC

Internet

MSCMSC

IWFIWF

FAFA

IWU and FA Can Be

Combined to Reduce Costand Improve Scalability

for the Operator

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BTS Internet

PPPPPP

Mobile IP RegistrationMobile IP RegistrationMobile IPTunnelingMobile IPTunneling

TCP/IP SessionTCP/IP Session

Airlink CallHandlingData

Service

ProprietaryLinks L-Interface OpenInterfaces

MSCMSCBSCBSC IWFIWF FAFA HAHA

CDMA Mobile Data OperationCDMA Mobile Data Operation

Airlink and PPP session can disappear and reappearwhile Mobile IP state and TCP/IP session is maintained


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HAHA

FA and HA Support Are Integratedinto Cisco IOS Software for Any

Cisco IOS Platform

PSTN

MSCMSC

BSCBSC

IWFIWF

FAFA

Internet

Mobile IP HA/FAMobile IP HA/FA

Mobile IP Foreign Agent (FA)

Defined by RFC 2002-2006

Agent for TCP/IP data access

Home Agent (HA) providesdestination-controlledauthentication, service specificationand address assignment

Supports both corporate-intranetaccess and carrier-Internetservice access

Implemented in

Cisco IOS SoftwareAvailable today as an 11.x EFT

Wide availability with 12.0(1)T

Deployed in carrier networks

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Mobile IPMobile IP

GSM GPRS

CDMA

Other Cellular

Circuit SwitchedData Today

Packet Datafor GSM

Packet Switchingfor Data Built-In

Some AMPS and NonAMPSCellular Systems Have Packet

Ability Today

Cellular Systems Are Moving Toward Supportfor Packet Data; This Is the Foundation for Mobile IP

Evolution of Data ServicesEvolution of Data Services


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Mobile IPMobile IP

The IETF proposed standard solutionfor mobility at layer 3

RFCs 20022006 define the functionality

Protocol works over anyintermediate media

Movement is transparent to hosts who

communicate with the mobile user

No IP address changes are neededto allow mobility

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Mobile IP Forms a Layer 3 Tunnel from aHome Agent (HA) to the Mobile Node (MN),

Which Can Continue to Use Its HomeAddress to Receive IP Datagrams

MN

Internet

ISPISP

HA

Overview: MobileIP FunctionalityOverview: MobileIP Functionality


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MN

MN

MN

FA

IRDP: Agent Advertisement:Lifetime, Type, Services

IRDP: Agent Solicitation:Lifetime, Services

Registration

HA

Mobile IP: RegistrationMobile IP: Registration

Care-of or co-located addresses Agree on services

Register with the home agent

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MobileNode

HomeAgent

ForeignAgent

CorrespondentHost

The Home Agent Intercepts Traffic for theMobile Node and Tunnels to Its Current Location.

Traffic from the Mobile Node Can Go Directlyto the Correspondent Host

Mobile IP: Packet ForwardingMobile IP: Packet Forwarding


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FA

FAFA MN

MN 10.31.1.1

10.31.2.1

FA/MN Registerwith the HA

MN HA

Mobility Binding Table:

MN CoA

1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1

1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1

1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1

10.31.3.1

1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1

Mobile IP: True Mobility,Mobile IP: True Mobility,Transparent RoamingTransparent Roaming

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When the MN Moves it Re-Registers Via its New FA

MN Realizes It HasMoved to a Networkwith a New FA

MN Registerswith this New FA

MN

Mobility Binding Table:

MN CoA

1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1

1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1

1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1

1.1.1.7 10.31.1.11.1.1.7 10.31.1.1

Mobile IP: True Mobility,Mobile IP: True Mobility,

Transparent RoamingTransparent Roaming

FA

FAFA MN

MN 10.31.1.1

10.31.2.1MN HA

10.31.3.1


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No Change IsPropagated toCorrespondents

MN

MN

Mobility Binding Table:Mobility Binding Table:

MNMN CoACoA

1.1.1.31.1.1.3 10.31.1.110.31.1.1

1.1.1.81.1.1.8 10.31.2.110.31.2.1

1.1.1.51.1.1.5 10.31.3.110.31.3.1

1.1.1.7 10.31.2.11.1.1.7 10.31.2.1

The Movement Is Transparent to All Other Devices

When the New RegistrationIs Received, a New CoAIs Installed in the HA

Mobile IP: True Mobility,Mobile IP: True Mobility,Re-RegistrationRe-Registration

HAFA

FAFA MN

10.31.1.1

10.31.2.110.31.3.1

Old Data Path

New Data Path

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Registration OptionsRegistration Options

GRE and IPinIP tunneling

Care-of and co-located address

Registration lifetime

Reverse tunneling

Authentication

Tunneling of broadcast packets


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Dial

Hotel

HomeConferences

Meeting Rooms

ISP Accessthrough the

Internet

Cellular or Mobile

Commuting

LANs andVLANs

Internet

Mobile IP Enables Seamless ConnectivityMobile IP Enables Seamless Connectivityto and from the Home Networkto and from the Home Network

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DataServices

PacketData/Voice

IMT-2000GPRS

Mobile IP





MMDSUNIILMDS

Fixed Mobile

Broadband2G

Cellular3G

Cellular




IP-BasedServices


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Motorola and CiscoMotorola and Cisco

A Strategic Alliance to DeliverGlobal Wireless Solutions Based

on a Packet and IP-ServicesArchitecture

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Motorola and Cisco AllianceMotorola and Cisco Alliance

Wireless architecture

Packet-based supporting IP services

Open and standardsbased

Services enabling

Common services globally, wireless and wireline

Strategic alliance

Collaborative product development

End-to-end, go-to-market delivery includingsales and marketing

Centers of excellence

System integration capabilities to supportcustomer deployment


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Circuit or VirtualCircuit Backbone

ININ

PSTN

IP

MSCMSC

HostHostApplicationApplication

Existing ArchitectureExisting Architecture

Hierarchical

Switch and IN-services bottlenecks

Bandwidth inefficiency and recurring costs

Services are specific to equipment supplier

Access and transport oriented

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Internet

IPEnterprise

PSTN

Third PartyThird PartyApplicationsApplications

ININHostHost

ApplicationApplication

IP ArchitectureIP Architecture

Peer to peer

Service and transport independence Services ecosystem (e.g., ISVs, in-house)

Bandwidth efficient

Greater addressable market


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GSMGSM

IPNetwork

CDMACDMA TDMATDMAiDENiDEN 3G3G

IP Unifies Wireless InfrastructureIP Unifies Wireless Infrastructure

Common architecture/services for

all wireless standards Same technology and architecture

used for wireline, e.g., IP

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TIATIA

ETSIETSI

3GPP3GPP

ITUITU

WAP ForumWAP Forum

IETFIETF

TAG/MPLSTAG/MPLS

VoIP Forum ITUVoIP Forum ITU

ATM ForumATM Forum

MS ForumMS Forum

Cable/IT ForumCable/IT Forum

DEN InitiativeDEN Initiative

Wireless Standards Plan

Joint Standards ParticipationJoint Standards Participation

JointJointInitiativesInitiatives


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Technology Teaming

Architecture

Product Development

Open Interfaces/APIs

Customer Facing

Sales and Marketing

Systems Integration

Centers of Excellence

CustomersCustomers

CustomersCustomers

CustomersCustomers

Scope of the AllianceScope of the Alliance

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Cisco Brings Low-Cost Infrastructure Migration to theCircuit-Based Wireless Network with Services Enhancement

Todays Wireless Voice NetworkTodays Wireless Voice Network

BSCBSC

BSCBSC

MSCMSC

MSCMSC

BTS

Backhaul

Backbone

Cellular Network TransitionCellular Network Transition



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Cisco Brings Low-Cost Infrastructure Migration to theCircuit-Based Wireless Network with Services Enhancement

Todays Wireless Voice NetworkTodays Wireless Voice Network

BSCBSC

BSCBSC

MSCMSC

MSCMSC

BTS

Backhaul

Backbone

MSCMSC

Toward the Next GenerationToward the Next Generation

BTS

PSTN

Internet

Complete PacketNetwork Infrastructure

ServiceServiceElementElement

ServiceServiceElementElement

ServiceService

ElementElementServiceServiceElementElement

Cellular Network TransitionCellular Network Transition



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CiscoCisco Cisco/Cisco/MotorolaMotorola


DataServices

PacketData/Voice

IMT-2000GPRS

Mobile IP




MMDSUNIILMDS

Fixed Mobile

Broadband2G

Cellular3G

Cellular




IP-BasedServices


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ReferencesReferences

Mobile IP, Solomon, James D.,Prentice Hall, 1998

Mobile and Wireless Networks,Black, Uyless, Prentice Hall, 1999

Cisco IOS Mobile IP:

http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/cisco/mkt/ios/rel/120/prodlit/817_pb.htm

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Questions?Questions?


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Documents

Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking