introduction to Unified Modelling Language Uml

8/9/2019 introduction to Unified Modelling Language Uml

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UML: Uniform Modeling Language

UML is a standardized design language for object-oriented

programming in various languages. The website for UML ishttp://www.uml.org. UML diagrams can be classified into fourtypes.

◮ Class Diagram. Shows relationships between various classes ina project.

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◮ Object Diagram. Shows interactions between various objectsin your project.

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◮ Collaboration Diagram. Shows associations between variousobjects. Similar to relationships between classes but differs

since we usually show the methods being called and valuesbeing returned.

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◮ Collaboration Diagram. Shows associations between variousobjects. Similar to relationships between classes but differs

since we usually show the methods being called and valuesbeing returned.

◮ Sequence Diagram. Shows interactions between variousobjects based on a time-line.

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Class Diagrams

◮ Classes are drawn as rectangles, which may be divided into 1,2 or 3 partitions. The top partition is for the class name, thesecond one for the class variables, and the third one for themethods or operations. Each variable/method is preceded bya visibility indicator .◮ + indicates public◮ - indicates private◮ # indicates protected

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Class Diagrams

◮ Classes are drawn as rectangles, which may be divided into 1,2 or 3 partitions. The top partition is for the class name, thesecond one for the class variables, and the third one for themethods or operations. Each variable/method is preceded bya visibility indicator .

◮ + indicates public◮ - indicates private◮ # indicates protected

◮ Interfaces are shown as classes except it has only twopartitions. A interface name is preceded by a stereotype tag

to show that it is a special kind of a class.

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Class Diagrams

◮ Classes are drawn as rectangles, which may be divided into 1,2 or 3 partitions. The top partition is for the class name, thesecond one for the class variables, and the third one for themethods or operations. Each variable/method is preceded bya visibility indicator .

◮ + indicates public◮ - indicates private◮ # indicates protected

◮ Interfaces are shown as classes except it has only twopartitions. A interface name is preceded by a stereotype tag

to show that it is a special kind of a class.

◮ Methods/classes that are abstract are shown italicized.

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UML Class Diagram

Rectangle-width: double-length: double

+Rectangle()+calculateArea(): double

We are using the Dia program to generate the UML diagrams. It is

available for free for Linux, MS Windows, MacOS X from

http://projects.gnome.org/dia/For eclipse, you can download the free Object Aid UML reverse

engineering plugin that draws UML diagrams for your existing classes!

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UML Interface Diagram

«interface»

Drawable +draw()+fill()



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Inheritance and Associations

◮ Inheritance. A solid line with a closed arrowhead from thesubclass to the superclass.

◮ Implements. A dashed line with a closed arrowhead from theimplementing class to the interface.

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Inheritance

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Inheritance Hierarchy

Animal

Invertebrae Vertebrae

Amphibian Mammal Reptile

Dog Cat

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A Package

java.animals

Animal

Invertebrae Vertebrae

Amphibian Mammal Reptile

Dog Cat

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Implements

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Associations

◮ Associations (or dependencies). A solid labeled line showsthat two classes are associated. A small solid triangle (rightnext to the label) shows the direction of the association. Anoptional open arrowhead can be used to denote the directionof the association.

◮ Numbers at either end indicate are the multiplicity indicators .Here are are some examples of multiplicity indicators.

1 one0..2 zero to two

0..∗

zero or more∗ zero or more

1..∗ one or more

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Association Example

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Aggregation

◮ An Aggregation is an association in which one class containsmany others. The container class has a diamond on its end of

the association line.

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Inheritance and Association

E l E l

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Employees Example

Firm

+main(args:String[]): void

Staff

-staffList: StaffMember[]

+payday(): void

StaffMember

#name: String

#address: String

#phone: String

+toString(): String

+pay(): double

Volunteer

+pay(): double

Employee

#socialSecurityNumber: String

#payRate: double

+toString(): String

+pay(): double

Executive

-bonus: double

+awardBonus(execBonus:double): void

+pay(): double

Hourly

-hoursWorked: int

+addHours(moreHours:int): void

+pay(): double

+toString(): String

1

0..*

1

1

A Cl k H i h Di

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A Clock Heirarchy Diagram

Clock

#seconds: int

#minutes: int

#hours: int

+getSeconds(): int

+getMinutes(): int

+getHours(): int

+draw(page:Graphics): void

+paint(page:Graphics): void

+actionPerformed(event:ActionEvent): void

DigitalClock


AnalogClock


javax.swing.JApplet

javax.swing.Timer

+Timer(delay:int,listener:ActionListener)

ActionListener

+actionPerformed(event:ActionEvent): void

Uses1

1

actionPerformed(event)

The paint method calls

the draw method

Th Add B k Cl Di

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The Address Book Class Diagram«interface»

Comparable

+compareTo(obj:Object): int

Name-first: String-middle: String-last: String

Address-postOfficeBox: String-streetAddr: String-city: String-state: String-postalCode: String-country: String

ContactDate-date: Date-df: DateFormat

Contact-name: Name-address: Address-phone: String-email: String-homePage: String-birthDate: ContactDate-lastMeeting: ContactDate-relationship: String-photo: Image-note: String

AddressBook-contacts: Contact[]-size: int-capacity: int-dataFile: String-DEBUG: boolean = false-tags: String[]-nextToken: String

Get

CmdLineAddressBook-mycontacts: AddressBook

Uses

1

1

Uses

1

1Uses

1

2

Uses

1

1

Uses

1

2

Uses

Uses

Uses

Uses

Uses

UsesUses

Obj t Di

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Object Diagrams

Objects are drawn the same way as classes with 1/2/3 partitions.

The difference is that names for objects are underlined and consistof the name and type of the objects.When depicting object interactions, an active object is shown inbold face.Objects send messages to each other (through method class and

return values). This are shown as labeled links with an arrowdenoting the direction.

[object1:RectangleUser]

[object2:Rectangle]

calculateArea

Object I te actio



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Object Interaction

app: CmdLineAddressBook

mycontacts: AddressBook

...

mycontacts:AddressBook

contacts: Contact[]...«create»

addContact()

sortContacts()

getAllContacts()

Contact[]

findByName(fname, lname)

Contact[]

running AddMenu()

running printMenu()

running findMenu()
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Documents

introduction to Unified Modelling Language Uml