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Introduction to the Task A Task Force Meeting
B. Garitte and A. Gens
2nd DECOVALEX 2011 workshop, 20th of October 2008, Wakkanai , Japan
Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering and GeosciencesTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CATALONIA (UPC)
Data from VE test (NF-PRO)
Schedule of Task A
Background of Task A
Description of step 0
Participants
Index
Schedule of Task A
Step 0: Identification of relevant processes and of Opalinus Clay parameters. Modelling of the
laboratory drying test.
Step 1: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 1.
Step 2: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 2 using parameters
backcalculated from step 1. Advanced features as permeability anisotropy, rock damage and
permeability increase in the damaged zone may be considered.
Step 3: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Conservative transport
and one species considered.
Step 4: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Reactive transport and
full geochemical model (optional).
Schedule of Task A
Step 0: Identification of relevant processes and of Opalinus Clay parameters. Modelling of the
laboratory drying test.
Step 1: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 1.
Step 2: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 2 using parameters
backcalculated from step 1. Advanced features as permeability anisotropy, rock damage and
permeability increase in the damaged zone may be considered.
Step 3: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Conservative transport
and one species considered.
Step 4: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Reactive transport and
full geochemical model (optional).
Schedule of Task A
Step 0: Identification of relevant processes and of Opalinus Clay parameters. Modelling of the
laboratory drying test.
Step 1: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 1.
Step 2: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 2 using parameters
backcalculated from step 1. Advanced features as permeability anisotropy, rock damage and
permeability increase in the damaged zone may be considered.
Step 3: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Conservative transport
and one species considered.
Step 4: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Reactive transport and
full geochemical model (optional).
Granite200m – 450 m deepGeneric, purpose-built
Opalinus (hard) clay400m deepGeneric, not purpose-built
C-O argillite (hard clay)450m – 520 m deep Site-specific
Boom clay (plastic)230m deepGeneric, purpose-built
Rock salt490m – 800m deepGeneric, not purpose-built
Granite450m deepGeneric, not purpose-built
Background of Task A
Mont Terri Project
• Located in Northern Switzerland
• Opalinus clay (shale)
• 400 m deep
• Operating since 1995
• Generic, not purpose - built
1: Mont Terri rock laboratory, 400 m beneath the hill2: Southern entrance of the motorway tunnelSource: Mont Terri website
Background of Task A
Background of Task A
• Overconsolidated clay
• Low porosity (±15%)
• Water content (±6%)
• Density (2.45 g/cm3)
• Low permeability (±10-13m/s)
• Variation of stiffness (2 to 10 GPa)
• UCS (10 to 20 MPa)
• Anisotropic material Temperature Mechanical (Strength and
stiffness) Hydraulic (?: selfhealing)
Stiff layered Mesozoic clay of marine origin
Background of Task A
Background of Task A
Location of the ventilation test
Raise bored horizontal microtunnel
Background of Task A
Ventilation test section
Section SA3
In flow
RH-out
Water pan 1SA1
SB1 SC1SA2 SD1 SE
SC2 SB2SD2 SA4
SA3
Rear doors
Out flow
RH-outRH-in RH-1 RH-2
Water Pan 2
RH-in
Instru m ented section:SA : M in i P ie zo m e tersSB : H um id ity se ns orsSC : T D RsSD : Exten so m e te rsSE : G e oe le ctric
Forward doors
Le gend :
R H-n : hyg ro m e te rRH-rRH-l
10 m
7 m
1,50 m
1,00 m
0,65 m
0,65 m
0,60 m
0,60 m
0,60 m
0,60 m
1,00 m
0,65 m
0,65 m
1,50 m
MI niche1.3m
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
11/03/1997
24/07/1998
06/12/1999
19/04/2001
01/09/2002
14/01/2004
28/05/2005
10/10/2006
22/02/2008
06/07/2009
18/11/2010
Time
Re
lati
ve h
um
idit
y o
f in
co
min
g a
ir
[%]
9/4
/98:
Exc
. NG
1/2
/99:
Exc
. MT
8/7
/02:
Sea
ling
ve
ntil
ate
d s
ect
ion
24/9/06
8/7/02
28/5/03 29/1/04 11/7/05
Background of Task A
Section SA3
In flow
RH-out
Water pan 1SA1
SB1 SC1SA2 SD1 SE
SC2 SB2SD2 SA4
SA3
Rear doors
Out flow
RH-outRH-in RH-1 RH-2
Water Pan 2
RH-in
Instru m ented section:SA : M in i P ie zo m e tersSB : H um id ity se ns orsSC : T D RsSD : Exten so m e te rsSE : G e oe le ctric
Forward doors
Le gend :
R H-n : hyg ro m e te rRH-rRH-l
10 m
7 m
1,50 m
1,00 m
0,65 m
0,65 m
0,60 m
0,60 m
0,60 m
0,60 m
1,00 m
0,65 m
0,65 m
1,50 m
Saturation 1: 11 months
Desaturation 1: 8 months
Saturation 2: 11.5 months
Desaturation 2: 20.5 months
Continuous water mass
balance
Water content profiles
Relative humidity
Water pressure
Displacements
Geochemical
characterization
Ventilation test
Objective of Task A
The main objective of the task is to examine the hydromechanical
and chemical changes that may occur in argillaceous host rocks,
especially in relation to the ventilation of drifts.
Description of step 0
Objectives:
Brainstorming about theoretical formulations to be used in Task A
Determination of a set of parameters for Opalinus Clay
Reproduction of a laboratory drying experiment (Floria et al, 2002)
Material provided:
Physical prop. All (project data), water content prof.
Hydraulic prop. Floria (2002), Muñoz (2003), Solexperts (2003)
Mechanical prop. Bock (2001)
Hydro-Mech. coupling Various
Hydro-Mechanical info from chemical reports.
Traber ( 2003, 2004), Fernandez (2007), Noy (2003)
Description of step 0
Drying test: lay out
Description of step 0
Impermeable lateral boundaries
10cm
28cm
Tem
per
atu
re 30ºC
Rel
ativ
e h
um
idit
y [%
]
20%
50%
142 days
Description of step 0
Impermeable lateral boundaries
10cm
28cm
Air
vel
oci
ty [
cm/s
]
30 [cm/s]
70 [cm/s]
9000gr.
Mas
s [g
ram
s]
Water pan: = 9.2cm
Description of step 0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0 2 4 6 8water content [%]
dis
tan
ce t
o b
ase
[m]
Initial water content
Measurements at 21 days
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0 50 100 150Time [days]
Wat
er l
oss
[kg
]
Sample C
Water content profiles
Water lost during drying
Initial water content (porosity = 16%), = 7%. Amount to 352gr. water
59gr. water
60gr. water
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0 50 100 150Time [days]
Wat
er l
oss
[kg
]
Sample B Sample C
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0 2 4 6 8water content [%]
dis
tan
ce t
o b
ase
[m]
Initial water content
Measurements at 21 days
Measurements at 99 days
Description of step 0
Water content profiles
Water lost during drying
Initial water content (porosity = 16%), = 7%. Amount to 352gr. water
121gr. water
130gr. water
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0 50 100 150Time [days]
Wat
er l
oss
[kg
]
Sample A Sample B Sample C
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0 2 4 6 8water content [%]
dis
tan
ce t
o b
ase
[m]
Initial water content
Measurements at 21 days
Measurements at 99 days
Measurements at 142 days
Description of step 0
Water content profiles
Water lost during drying
Initial water content (porosity = 16%), = 7%. Amount to 352gr. water
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0 50 100 150Time [days]
Wat
er l
oss
[kg
]
Sample A Sample B Sample C
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0 2 4 6 8water content [%]
dis
tan
ce t
o b
ase
[m]
Initial water content
Measurements at 21 days
Measurements at 99 days
Measurements at 142 days
Description of step 0
Water content profiles
Water lost during drying
Initial water content (porosity = 16%), = 7%. Amount to 352gr. water
151gr. water
156gr. water
Participants
Modelling team CAS CEA JAEA Quintessa UoE
Person Liu Xiaoyan/Jing Lanru Alain Millard Shigeo Nakama Alex Bond Chris McDermott
On behalf of WHU IRSN JAEA NDA NDA
Country China France Japan UK UK
Comparison issues between different teams:
(T)H(M) formulation
Parameter set for Opalinus Clay
Model setup (top boundary condition)
Model results
Participants
CAS CEA JAEA Quintessa UoE
Physical
Solid grain density ρs [kg/m3]
Porosity φ
Hydraulic
Intrinsic permeability k [m2]
Dynamic viscosity μ [Pa.s]
Liquid relative permeability λ’
Vapour diffusion coefficient
Mechanical
Young modulus E [GPa]
Poisson coefficient ν
Friction angle φ [º]
Cohesion c [MPa]
Hydro-Mech. coupling
Suction bulk modulus Ks [GPa]
Air entry value (retention curve) P0 [MPa]
Shape parameter (retention curve) λ
Maximum suction (retention curve)* Ps [MPa]
Second shape parameter (retention curve)* λs
Residual and maximum saturation (retention curve) Srl – Srs
2 /wgD m s
* Modified Van Genuchten
Participants
CAS CEA JAEA Quintessa UoE
Physical
Solid grain density ρs [kg/m3]
Porosity φ
Hydraulic
Intrinsic permeability k [m2]
Dynamic viscosity μ [Pa.s]
Liquid relative permeability λ’
Vapour diffusion coefficient
Mechanical
Young modulus E [GPa]
Poisson coefficient ν
Friction angle φ [º]
Cohesion c [MPa]
Hydro-Mech. coupling
Suction bulk modulus Ks [GPa]
Air entry value (retention curve) P0 [MPa]
Shape parameter (retention curve) λ
Maximum suction (retention curve)* Ps [MPa]
Second shape parameter (retention curve)* λs
Residual and maximum saturation (retention curve) Srl – Srs
2 /wgD m s
* Modified Van Genuchten
Participants
CAS CEA JAEA Quintessa UoE
Physical
Solid grain density ρs [kg/m3]
Porosity φ
Hydraulic
Intrinsic permeability k [m2]
Dynamic viscosity μ [Pa.s]
Liquid relative permeability λ’
Vapour diffusion coefficient
Mechanical
Young modulus E [GPa]
Poisson coefficient ν
Friction angle φ [º]
Cohesion c [MPa]
Hydro-Mech. coupling
Suction bulk modulus Ks [GPa]
Air entry value (retention curve) P0 [MPa]
Shape parameter (retention curve) λ
Maximum suction (retention curve)* Ps [MPa]
Second shape parameter (retention curve)* λs
Residual and maximum saturation (retention curve) Srl – Srs
2 /wgD m s
* Modified Van Genuchten
Participants
CAS CEA JAEA Quintessa UoE
Physical
Solid grain density ρs [kg/m3]
Porosity φ
Hydraulic
Intrinsic permeability k [m2]
Dynamic viscosity μ [Pa.s]
Liquid relative permeability λ’
Vapour diffusion coefficient
Mechanical
Young modulus E [GPa]
Poisson coefficient ν
Friction angle φ [º]
Cohesion c [MPa]
Hydro-Mech. coupling
Suction bulk modulus Ks [GPa]
Air entry value (retention curve) P0 [MPa]
Shape parameter (retention curve) λ
Maximum suction (retention curve)* Ps [MPa]
Second shape parameter (retention curve)* λs
Residual and maximum saturation (retention curve) Srl – Srs
2 /wgD m s
* Modified Van Genuchten
Participants
CAS CEA JAEA Quintessa UoE
Physical
Solid grain density ρs [kg/m3]
Porosity φ
Hydraulic
Intrinsic permeability k [m2]
Dynamic viscosity μ [Pa.s]
Liquid relative permeability λ’
Vapour diffusion coefficient
Mechanical
Young modulus E [GPa]
Poisson coefficient ν
Friction angle φ [º]
Cohesion c [MPa]
Hydro-Mech. coupling
Suction bulk modulus Ks [GPa]
Air entry value (retention curve) P0 [MPa]
Shape parameter (retention curve) λ
Maximum suction (retention curve)* Ps [MPa]
Second shape parameter (retention curve)* λs
Residual and maximum saturation (retention curve) Srl – Srs
2 /wgD m s
* Modified Van Genuchten
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Degree of saturation
Pg
-Pl [
MP
a]
Drying Path (Muñoz, 2003)
Wetting Path (Muñoz, 2003)
Gens (2000)
Drying path (Zhang, 2005)
Wetting path (Zhang, 2005)
Drying path (Villar, 2007)