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Introduction to the “Roaring Twenties”
Objective
Following the lesson, SWBAT…understands significant events, social issues, and individuals of the 1920s
5 Results of WWI
Adjusting to Peace: 1919-1921
• Americans returned to policy of isolationism• Factories used for military production &
farmers lost their markets in Europe --- led to economic recession (1919-1921)
The Red Scare• Russia had been ill-prepared for
war– In 1917 mutinies led to overthrow of
tsar • Communists threatened to spread
their revolution around the world• Wave of strikes in 1919 led to Red
Scare: atmosphere of panic surrounding communism in the U.S.
Red Scare Events• Palmer Raids– Italian anarchist set off bomb outside home of
Attorney General Mitchell Palmer– One of a series of attacks against political officials
in 8 cities– Palmer convinced that a radical plot to overthrow
gov’t was underway– Palmer ordered round-up of 4,000 suspects in
several cities w/o a warrant– His assistant J. Edgar Hoover directed raids– Most later released, 600 deported
Red Scare Events• Sacco and Vanzetti Case– 2 Italian immigrants convicted of committing
murder during a robbery– Robbery allegedly committed to obtain funds for
anarchist revolution– Not sufficient evidence to convict– Found guilty and both executed
Harding Administration1921-1923
• Warren Harding elected President by a landslide in 1920
• “return to normalcy” – campaign slogan
• Under Harding:– U.S. refused to join League of Nations– Enacted high tariffs– Lowered taxes– Restricted immigration
Harding Administration• Harding resisted anti-Semitism• Signed an act creating child health care
centers• Pursued arms reduction by supporting U.S.
membership in the World Court
Harding Administration• Serious weakness:– Appointed personal friends (the Ohio gang); were
dishonest• Teapot Dome Scandal– Secretary of Interior leased oil-rich lands at Teapot
Dome, Wyoming to 2 business friends in exchange for personal bribes
– One of the worst scandals in U.S. history
Harding Administration• More poor choices…– Another appointment, Charles Forbes stole
millions from the construction of hospitals for returning war veterans
– These scandals have left a lasting stain on his reputation
Coolidge Administration1923-1929
• Harding’s VP• Took over when Harding died; elected to
another term in 1924• Symbolized old-fashioned values• Known as “Silent Cal” – spoke so infrequently
in public
Hoover Administration1929-1933
• Skilled engineer and self-made millionaire• Secretary of Commerce under President Coolidge• Predicted end of poverty if he was elected• Did not want too much government interference• “Rugged Individualism”: system where individuals were given equal
opportunities, a free education, and a will to succeed – spurred progress.