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Introduction to Systems Engineering
Richard Fullalove Manager, Systems Engineering
Agenda
• What is a System? • What is Systems Engineering? • Practical application & scaling of SE • SE Standard & Technical Processes • Context of SE to other management areas • The System Lifecycle • Case studies • ASA expectations
What is a System/SOS? • An integrated assembly or combination of interrelated components or
sub-systems working towards a defined common objective • A system typically consists of:
– People INTEGRATED MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM
– Processes ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM
– Hardware (E.G. ROADS & TRAFFIC
Rail Traffic AUTHORITY + TOLL ROAD ControllersOPERATORS)
rface
s
Inte
– Software RAIL TRANSPORT SYSTEM
rfacesRail Traffic Inte
Ticketing Rail Control System Network System
– Tools Comms
Station Traction Managemt Power Distr
System System AIR TRANSPORT SYSTEMTrainborne System (E.G. SYDNEY
InterfacesVehicle Ventilation rface
s
AIRPORT + AIR SERVICES AUSTRALIA +
Body & Heating Inte– Support
MARITIME TRANSPORT SYSTEM
(E.G. SYDNEY FERRIES + SYDNEY PORTS)
Interfaces
System System
Propulsion System
Train Comms system
Braking System
Train Driver and
Guard
Train Control System
AIRLINES)
Interface
s
The Railway System
SER
Internal stakeholders Other transport modes
External stakeholders
Control Local Signalling
Bulk Supply Substation
HV Feeders
Stabling Yard
Signal/Area Control
Network/Line Management
Signal/Telecom Depot Civil/Track
Depot
Electrical Depot
Fleet Depot
Traction Substation
Electrical Bulk Supplier Transmission Grid
SecurityTelecomMaintainer
SignalMaintainer
SignalOperator
InfraControl
ElectricalControl
Operator
LineMgmt
NetworkMgmt
TelecomMaintainer
Signal Maintainer
Track MaintainerCivil
Maintainer
ElectricalMaintainer
PresentStaff
YardSecurity
Yard OpsStaff
YardMaster
R’StockMaintainer
DepotSecurity
DepotOps StaffDepot
Manager
Commuter
PlatformStaff
Driver
Guard
SecurityStaff
Commuter
UnauthorisedPerson on track
ProtectionOfficer
AuthorisedPerson on track
Track Protection
Staff
DutyManager
CateringStaff
Security
Signaller-Train
Station Security Ops
Staff protection on track
Platform Ops
Station-Train
Line Control-Train
EOC-Substation
Manage Fleet Depot
Fleet Depot Movements
Fleet Depot Security Ops
Maintain Fleet Assets
Signaller-Line Control
Control Infra Maintenance
Electrical Network Switching
Line Management
Manage Rail Network
Rail Network Security Ops
Signalling Ops in Control Area
Maintain SCC Signalling Systems
Maintain SCC Telecom Systems
SCC Security Ops
Maintain Signal Assets
Maintain Telecom Assets
Control Local Telecoms
Authorised activities (survey, install, test, maintain...)
Use Station services
Use services
Catering Services (intercity)
On-Train & Platform-Train Ops
Train Security Ops
Train Driving
Stabling Yard Security Ops
Presentation Services
Manage Driver Rostering
Stabling Yard Ops
Manage Stabling Yard
Yard-Fleet Depot
Train-Fleet Depot
Train-Yard
Substation-Electrical Depot
Threaten self-harm, trespass, vandalism, theft, terrorism
Ambulance
Police
Fire
HazMat
SES
AccidentInvestigators
Electrical Bulk Supplier
Manage Electrical Bulk Supply
Local Traction
Operator
Local Control of Traction Supply
Network Mgmt-Fleet Depot
Signaller-Yard
Signaller-Fleet Depot
Network Mgmt-Bulk Supplier
Line Control-Station
Maintain Track Assets
Maintain Civil Assets
Signaller-Sig/Tel Depot
Key
Operational Interface
OperationalRole
Infra Control-Civil/Track Depot
Revenue Protection
Infra Control-Electrical Depot
Electrical Maintenance
Ops Interfaces to Other Transport Modes
Ops Interfaces to External Parties
DTRS
OHW
Signals
Station/StopInterchange
StationManager
RevenueCollection
RevenueProtection
Revenue Collection
Station Ops
Station CarPark
Infra Control-Sig/Tel Depot
Bus
Rapid Transit
Light Rail Transit
Air
Active Cycle
Active Walking
Ferry
Taxi
Car
ONRSR
ARTCFreightClients
Utilities
CountryRail
Netw
CER
Councils
Industry
Commerce
Domestic
ADF
Planning &Programs
NWRLOpCo
NSWTrains
Sydney Trains
Freight & Regional
Dev
Policy & Reg
TransportServ
TransportProjects
CustomerExper
Traction feed
Signaller-Station
Switch Local Traction Power
SectionHut
Freight Terminal
Bulk Supply Sub-Traction Sub
Freight Terminal Ops Staff
EPA
Heritage
WorkCover
StateTransitAuthor
What is Systems Engineering?
• An interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems
• INCOSE: – define customer needs and functionality, – document requirements, – design synthesis – system verification & validation – consider complete problem: operations, cost, schedule,
performance, training, support, test, manufacturing, and disposal
What is Systems Engineering?
• Encompasses individual sub-systems and their interactions, to form an integrated system to meet user/ stakeholder requirements
• an inter-disciplinary collaborative approach to derive, evolve and verify a solution that satisfies user/stakeholders’ requirements.
• an iterative problem-solving process, based on the cycle of analyze->synthesize->evaluate
• SE is not just for electrical & software engineers; (Sydney Harbour Bridge is a system)
What is Systems Engineering?
• Takes ambiguous and complex requirements, and applies a structured process to achieve an efficient solution.
• Supports whole lifecycle, starting with a ‘statement of need’, and ending with safe disposal (or renewal) of the system after its intended use.
• A process-based approach that flows through from concept & requirements, through design, development, installation, testing & commissioning, to operations and maintenance and finally decommissioning & disposal.
• A generic and repeatable approach, which can be applied to any branch of engineering, for products and projects.
Practical application of SE
• Three key SE application scenarios: – Multi-discipline engineering services on implementation projects – Standalone SME consulting service (e.g. ReqM, RAM, V&V) – Product development and type approval
• Lifecycle phases can be combined or scaled • Be flexible and pragmatic to ensure Value for Money • Only use SE activities relevant to complexity/novelty • Don’t over-apply SE on every project, scale it! • SE activities incur time and cost (bad for simple projects) • Do not expect all projects to deliver “SE-Heavy” • SE terms mean different things to different organisations
Scaling of SE EffortLevel
Project
Program
Portfolio
HFI
EMC
RA
MS
Sys Arch
V&V
Interface Project Example Project Complex Novelty Unmitigated SE Effort
Scale Project Risk Level R
eqM ($/time) Level
At-grade car park (away from corridor) Small Low Low Low Light L L L L L - L OHW (new/altered) Small Low Low Low Light L L L L L L - HV Feeder 66/33/11kV (new/altered) Small Low Low Low Light L L L L L M - Multi-story car park (adjacent to corridor) Medium Medium Low Medium Medium M M M L L - M Traction Substation (single) Medium Medium Low Medium Medium M H M M M M
Junction Upgrade (single) Medium Medium Low Medium Medium M H M H M M
Station (small to medium, new/altered, single) Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium M M M M H M M Transport Interchange (major, single) Large High Medium Medium Medium H H H M H M H Stabling Yard (single) Large High Low Medium Medium H H M H M H
Major Track Renewals (corridor/network) Large Low Low Medium Light L M M L M - - Transport Access Program (network) Large Medium Medium Medium Medium M H H M M L H Automatic Train Protection (network) Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Advanced Train Control System (network) Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Digital Train Radio System (network) Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H New Fleet Procurement (network/line) Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Traction Power Supply Upgrade (network) Large High Medium High Heavy H H H H H H M Signalling Technology Upgrade (network) Variable High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Corridor/Line Upgrade (brown field) V Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Corridor/Line New Build (green field) V Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Sydney's Rail Future (network/multiple programs) V Large V High V High V High Heavy H H H H H H H
SE Standard & Processes
• ASA adopted ISO 15288:2008 “Systems engineering – System life cycle processes” which defines: – Agreement process – Organisation process – Project process – Technical process
• ASA interpreted this standard into AEO requirements
SE Specialty Activities
SE Management Context
• Context within wider: – Enterprise Business (e.g. transporting people)– Quality Management (e.g. ISO 9001 framework) – Asset Management (e.g. ISO 55001 framework)
• Relationship to other management areas: – Project Management – Procurement Management (acquisition & supply) – Discipline Engineering: Civil, Track, Elec, Sig, Tel, R/S – Risk Management – Systems & Safety Assurance
Asset Management context Asset Management
Investment Planning (new assets)
Investment Planning (existing assets)
Maintenance ExecutionMaintenance Planning & Scheduling
Asset Information and Documentation
Application of Designs and Standards
Contract ManagementNetwork Design & Application GuidesIntegrated Planning
Project Management
Project Execution & Asset Installation
Emergency & Contingency Work
Technical Support
Monitoring: Condition & Performance
Asset Retirement
Asset Replacement
Network & Asset Operation
Commissioning Tests
Procure Assets & Related Services
Plant Design Specs, Standards & Policies
Technology Research & Application
Logistics and Spares Management
Hand-over Asset Refurbishment
Quality Assurance
Systems Engineering Technical Processes & Phases (ISO 15288)Reqts Definition
Verification
Integration
Implementation
Architectural Design
Reqts Analysis
Operation
Validation
Disposal
Maintenance
AcceptNeed Concept Specify Procure Design Build Integrate Operate & Maintain DisposeEvolve
Concept Development Production Utilisation & Support RetirementExploratory
Plan Acquire Operate/Maintain Dispose
Transition
SE Lifecycle V-Model
CMAAC Gates
Gate 1Reqmnts complete
Gate 3 For
Construction
Gate 0Initiation (Need)
AcceptNeed Concept Specify Procure Design Build Integrate Operate and Maintain Dispose
Concept Development Production Utilisation and Support Retirement
Verification (System)
Verification (System Interfaces)
Material Procurement, Fabrication / ManufacturingConstruction / Installation
Unit Level Inspection
& Test
Unit Level Design,
Final Design
OCD/MCD, Service Design
Define Need, early Con Ops,
draft T/T
Subsystem Integration
& Test
System Integration
& Test
Disposal planning & executionSystem Validation
Verification (Subsystem Level)
Verification (Unit Level)
System Validation & Acceptance
Subsystem Design
Sys Design, Physical
Architecture
Ref Design, SRS, Funct Architecture
Operate & Maintain(Replace, Refurbish,
Renew, Upgrade)
Plan Acquire Operate/Maintain
Gate 2 Initial
Design
System Definition
Gate 4 Ready to
Test
Gate 6 Asset
Review
Syst
em In
tegr
atio
n/Re
alis
atio
n
Gate 5 Accept Assets
Dispose
Feasibility, Business
Case, BRS
Exploratory
Evolve
System ReqtsValidation
System DesignVerification
Subsystem DesignVerification
Unit DesignVerification
Build Verification
Who does what when
O&M Agency
PPD
CED/FRDTSD
O&M Agency
CED/FRDTSD
TPD
Supply Chain (AEOs)Design/Build/Integrate/Test
Demand AnalysisStrategic Goals
Ops & Maint ConceptBusiness Case
Business Requirements
System Requirements
Procure, Fabricate, Manufacture
Site Installation & Assembly
Sub-system Integrate & Test
Network Integration Test & Commission
Validate, Accept & Hand-backvalidate
verify
validate
Operate & Maintain
Measure Performance
Stakeholder engagement
Lifecycle stage transition
System life cycle stage
System Integrate & Test
Disposal
Sys
tem
/Fun
ctio
nal V
iew
Phy
sica
l/Sol
utio
n V
iew
System Implementation/RealisationSystem Definition & Design
CED: Customer Experience DivFRD: Freight & Regional DevelopTSD: Transport Services DivTPD: Transport Projects DivAEO: Authorised Eng Organisation
Systems Architecture
(Prelim Design)
Sub-system Detailed Design
Assembly Level (Detailed Design)
verify
Component Level Final Design
AFC
verify
verify
verify
Plan Acquire Operate/Maintain Dispose
verify
verify
verify
SE Case Studies
Why you should use SE• Facilitates understanding of client/user needs • Efficient design derived from client requirements • System functions in an integrated way • Reduced EMC issues • Reliable, available and maintainable system • Justified confidence that system will be accepted • Achieves stated function and performance • Both CapEx and OpEx lifecycle costs considered • Humans actually can (and want to) use it! • Success helps release funds for future work
Expectations• Improve wider, common understanding of SE • Raise the “lowest common denominator” • Remove the mystery; it’s just engineering! • Engage industry to improve SE in cluster • Develop common SE framework • Improve business-to-solution traceability • Improve system performance • Reduce risk in system acquisition • Develop whole-of-life system culture
…finally…
Questions?