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Classification
• Kingdom Animalia– Plant-like in appearance– Lack some typical animal
characteristics• Distinct tissues• Dead end phylum–Nothing evolved from the Porifera
Classification
• Organized into three classes– Based on skeleton structure differences
• Calcareous sponges• Glass sponges• Encrusting sponges
Calcareous Sponges
• Classification– Class Calcarea
• Size– Small, 4 inches or smaller
• Location– Shallow waters
Calcareous Sponges
• Structure– Skeletons made of spicules • “little spikes”• Made of calcium carbonate
(lime)
Canal System Function
• Simple canal system– Water enters internal cavity (spongoceol) through
pore cells in the body wall• Pore cell openings – incurrent openings (ostia)• Cells of the spongoceol absorb nutrients and
oxygen– Water exits through excurrent opening (osculum)
• Advanced canal system– Folded body walls• Increases surface area–Greater absorption of nutrients and oxygen
Glass Sponges
• Classification– Class Hexactinellida
• Size– Larger, vase-shaped
• Location– Deep, tropical waters
• Structure– Skeleton made of crystalline silicon dioxide• Geometric pattern• Formed by six-pointed spicules
• Possesses advanced canal system
Encrusting Sponges
• Classification– Demospongiae (Demo – “people”)• Used as bath sponges
• Size– Large
• Location– Gulf of Mexico,
Caribbean,Mediterranean Sea
Encrusting Sponges
• Structure– Skeleton can be made of:• Elastic (spongin) fibers–Makes them “spongy”
• Silicon dioxide• Combination of both