Introduction to Sociology 2010

8/9/2019 Introduction to Sociology 2010

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What is Sociology?

SOCIOLOGY


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SociologyOrigins

These people love behavioral sciences.y Sociology is the study

of peoples behaviorin groups.

y Word Origins = Latin,

socio = people

together and logos =

the study of

y Newer social science

began in the 1800s


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Groups

y Why do people live ingroups?

y What are somebenefits to living in

groups?

y No individual in oursociety can supply allthe things he or she

needs or wants.y Throughout history,

people have relied ongroups for survival.

No one wants to live alone.


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Types ofG

roupsy Primary Groups:y Groups of people that

have very closerelationships over along period of time.

y Emotionally involvedwith one another.

y Loyalty, love,belongingness.

y Give confidence and

strength to deal with theoutside world.

y Can you think of someexamples of primary groups?

y Examples: Families, CloseFriends, Religious Groups


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Types ofG

roupsy Secondary Groupsy Groups that are large,

and less loving thanprimary groups.

y Groups of people who

need to complete a jobare generally secondarygroups.

y Can you think of some examplesof secondary groups?

y Coworkers, Sports Teams, ClientRelationships, Classmates

y Note: Some groups can start assecondary and become primary.

y Example You meet your bestfriend at school.

This football player mightnot care what team hes

on, just as long as he

can be a part of a

secondary group.


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Socializationy Socialization teaches us roles.

y What is a role?

y Role = a kind of behavior a person is

supposed to have in a particular group orsociety.

y Example: What do you expect from someone

who is performing the role of a doctor?

y How do you feel if a person doesnt play their

role?


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Socialization

y You play many roles in life, and change roles as

you change groups.

y Why do people perform roles?

y Role performance is encouraged by sanctions.y Sanctions = reward or punishment that is used by

a society to encourage its members to obey

social rules.


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Sanctionsy Positive Sanctions = rewards for obeying social

rules.

y What are some examples of positive sanctions?y Moneyy Gifts

y Honor Rolly Raisey Promotion

y Good Gradesy Knowledgey Allowancey Trophy

y Scholarshipy Prestige

y PowerIs that a fur coat?


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Sanctionsy Negative Sanctions = punishment for violation of a social rule.

y What are some examples of negative sanctions?y Finey Grounded

y Bad Gradey

Fired from joby Deduction in payy Prison Sentence

y Detentiony Suspension

y Repeat a grade/Retention

y Expulsion from schooly Criminal Recordy Scorn

y Time Out Old School Punishment


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Other Role Issues

y Role Conflict = you are expected to act in a

certain way by one person or group and in a

totally different way in another.

y

Example: Way you act with friends, vs. way youact around teachers, vs. way you act with your

grandparents.


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Other Role Issues

y Role Confusion =

situation where an

individual has trouble

determining which

role he or she should

play.

y Example = Your mom

is also your math

teacher.


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Other Role Issues

y Role Overload = the experience of lacking the

resources, including time and energy, needed to

meet the demands of all roles.

y

Example = You must study for 3 tests, attendtrack practice, write 4 papers, play at your soccer

game, and babysit your brother tonight; you also

have the flu.


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Other Role Issues

y Role Overlap = roles

that require similar

sets of behaviors.

y Example: brother and

cousin, teammate and

friend, child and

grandchild.

y These teammates are also

friends.


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Roles

y What are some roles that you play? Use the role

diagram on your paper to show the roles you play.

y Now look at the roles. Which roles overlap? Do

any roles conflict? Have you experienced roleoverload or role confusion?

Mmmm. Rolls.


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Social Rules of Society

y Social rules are called norms.

y There are three types ofnorms:

y Folkways

y

Moresy Laws


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Social Rules of Societyy Folkways = norms of

politeness or customs.

y Examples = eatingproperly or addressing aperson by the right title.

y Other examples mightinclude saying please orthank you, or walking inthe hallways at school.y If you consistently break

these rules, you willhave fewer friends, andyour family, school,team, etc. might punishyou. You are not consideredYou are not considered

evil if you break aevil if you break a

folkway.folkway.


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y Mores = much more serious social rules than

folkways.

y If you break a more, you are punished severely or

taken out of society.y Examples: Stealing or Killing

y You are considered bad or immoral for breaking

these rules.


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y Laws are norms enforced by the government of a

society.

y Laws are formal rules used to protect people from

each other and outsiders.y Laws may or may not be mores.

y Examples: Range from getting a parking ticket to

murder.


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Ben Franklin Global Industries

Make sure to check out the websites below to

learn more about global norms before

tomorrows competition.

Documents

Introduction to Sociology 2010