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INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED

INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

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Page 1: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECHPUBLIC SPEECH

GETTING STARTED

Page 2: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

A journey of a thousand miles begins with A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.a single step.

- Chinese Proverb- Chinese Proverb

Page 3: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

Why Study Public Why Study Public Speaking?Speaking?

EmpowermentEmpowerment EmploymentEmployment

“ “ I will pay more for a person’s ability to I will pay more for a person’s ability to speak and express himself than for any speak and express himself than for any

other quality he might possess.” other quality he might possess.”

Charles M. SchwabCharles M. Schwab

Page 4: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

Speaking & ConversationSpeaking & Conversation

Public Speaking is plannedPublic Speaking is planned Public Speaking is formalPublic Speaking is formal The roles of public speakers & the The roles of public speakers & the

audiences are clearly definedaudiences are clearly defined

Page 5: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

The Communication The Communication ProcessProcess

CHANNEL

NOISE

SOURCE/SPEAKER

MESSAGE

RECEIVERFEEDBACK

Page 6: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

The Speaker- the originator of the The Speaker- the originator of the communication messagecommunication message

Message- ideas and feelings presented to Message- ideas and feelings presented to an audience through words, sound, and an audience through words, sound, and action symbols that are selected and action symbols that are selected and organized by the speaker and interpreted organized by the speaker and interpreted by members of the audience.by members of the audience.

The Speech- contains the messageThe Speech- contains the message

Page 7: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

Encoding- the process of transforming Encoding- the process of transforming ideas and feelings into words, sounds, and ideas and feelings into words, sounds, and actionsactions

Decoding- the process of transforming Decoding- the process of transforming messages back into ideas and feelingsmessages back into ideas and feelings

The Channel- both the route traveled by The Channel- both the route traveled by the message and the means of the message and the means of transportation (Visual & Auditory)transportation (Visual & Auditory)

The Audience- your entire reason for The Audience- your entire reason for speakingspeaking

The Context- the interrelated conditions of The Context- the interrelated conditions of communicationcommunication

Page 8: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

Physical Setting- the location, time of day, Physical Setting- the location, time of day, light, temperature, distance between light, temperature, distance between communicators, and seating arrangement.communicators, and seating arrangement.

Historical setting-previous communication Historical setting-previous communication episodesepisodes

Psychological Setting- the manner in Psychological Setting- the manner in which people perceive both themselves which people perceive both themselves and those with whom they communicateand those with whom they communicate

Page 9: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

Noise- any stimulus that gets in the way of Noise- any stimulus that gets in the way of sharing meaningssharing meanings

External Noise- sights, sounds, and other External Noise- sights, sounds, and other stimuli that interfere with intended stimuli that interfere with intended meaningmeaning

Internal Noise- thoughts and feelings that Internal Noise- thoughts and feelings that interfere with meaninginterfere with meaning

Semantic noise- alternate meanings Semantic noise- alternate meanings aroused by speakeraroused by speaker

Feedback- verbal/non-verbal responses to Feedback- verbal/non-verbal responses to messagemessage

Page 10: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

VocabularyVocabulary

Elocution- the expression of emotion Elocution- the expression of emotion through posture, movement, gestures, through posture, movement, gestures, facial expression, and voice.facial expression, and voice.

Declamation- The delivery of already Declamation- The delivery of already famous address.famous address.

Rhetoric- the use of words and symbols Rhetoric- the use of words and symbols to achieve a goalto achieve a goal

Page 11: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

Speaking Speaking EthicallyEthically

Page 12: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

ETHICSETHICS

Beliefs, values, and moral principles by Beliefs, values, and moral principles by which people determine what is right or which people determine what is right or wrongwrong

Free speech?Free speech?

(Must be balanced by responsibility to speak (Must be balanced by responsibility to speak ethically)ethically)

Page 13: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

SPEAKING ETHICALLYSPEAKING ETHICALLY

HAVE A CLEAR, RESPONSIBLE GOALHAVE A CLEAR, RESPONSIBLE GOAL USE SOUND EVIDENCE & REASONINGUSE SOUND EVIDENCE & REASONING BE SENSITIVE & TOLERANT OF BE SENSITIVE & TOLERANT OF

DIFFERENCESDIFFERENCES BE HONESTBE HONEST AVOID PLAGIARISM & AVOID PLAGIARISM &

PLAGIAPHRASINGPLAGIAPHRASING

Page 14: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

DO YOUR OWN WORKDO YOUR OWN WORK ACKNOWLEDGE YOUR SOURCESACKNOWLEDGE YOUR SOURCES

Page 15: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY

Ethnocentrism: self culture is superior to Ethnocentrism: self culture is superior to othersothers

Cultural Intelligence: Skilled & flexibleCultural Intelligence: Skilled & flexible

Page 16: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

ListeningListening

Page 17: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

Seven laws to better Seven laws to better listeninglistening

Spend more time listeningSpend more time listening Find interest in the other personFind interest in the other person Stay out of the wayStay out of the way Listen to what people mean between the Listen to what people mean between the

lineslines Make notesMake notes Assume the proper stanceAssume the proper stance Be aware of your filtersBe aware of your filters

Page 18: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

We spend more time listening than We spend more time listening than reading, writing, and speaking.reading, writing, and speaking.

Hearing is a physiological process Hearing is a physiological process that occurs when you’re in the vicinity of that occurs when you’re in the vicinity of vibration. It is basically a passive process vibration. It is basically a passive process occurs without any attention or effort on occurs without any attention or effort on your part.your part.

Page 19: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

Listening involves 5 steps:Listening involves 5 steps:

Receiving – hearing and attendingReceiving – hearing and attending Understanding – learning and deciphering Understanding – learning and deciphering

meaningmeaning Remembering- recalling and retainingRemembering- recalling and retaining Evaluating- judging and criticizingEvaluating- judging and criticizing Responding- answering and giving Responding- answering and giving

feedbackfeedback

Page 20: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

I. I. The Listening ProcessThe Listening Process

Receiving(stimuli)

Under-standing

(assign meaning)

Remembering(reconstructive)

Evaluating(pos. or neg.)

Responding(back-channeling cues or feedback)

Page 21: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

II.II. Listening, Culture,Listening, Culture, GenderGender

A.A. Culture Effects:Culture Effects:

1.1. SpeechSpeech

2.2. Nonverbal BehaviorsNonverbal Behaviors

Page 22: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

3.3.Direct and Indirect StylesDirect and Indirect Styles

4.4.CredibilityCredibility

5.5.FeedbackFeedback

B.B. Gender & ListeningGender & Listening

Page 23: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

III.III. Styles ofStyles of Effective Effective ListeningListening

A.A. Participatory and Participatory and PassivePassive

Passive listening – listening that is Passive listening – listening that is attentive and supportive but occurs attentive and supportive but occurs without talking and without directing without talking and without directing the speaker in any nonverbal way. the speaker in any nonverbal way. Also used negatively to refer to Also used negatively to refer to inattentive an uninvolved listening.inattentive an uninvolved listening.

Page 24: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

B.B. Empathic and Empathic and ObjectiveObjective

Empathic listening – listening that Empathic listening – listening that warrants that you feel and see what warrants that you feel and see what speaker feels and sees. speaker feels and sees.

Objective Listening- the ability to gather Objective Listening- the ability to gather information beyond what you see and information beyond what you see and hear.hear.

Page 25: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

Non-judgmental listening-and listening Non-judgmental listening-and listening with an open mind. with an open mind.

Critical listening- listening to evaluate Critical listening- listening to evaluate the quality, value, appropriateness and the quality, value, appropriateness and importance of what you hear.importance of what you hear.

Page 26: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

STYLES,CONT’DSTYLES,CONT’D

PEOPLE ORIENTEDPEOPLE ORIENTED THEY EXPRESS FEELINGS & EMOTIONSTHEY EXPRESS FEELINGS & EMOTIONS ARE HIGHLY EMPATHETICARE HIGHLY EMPATHETIC SEEK COMMON GROUNDSEEK COMMON GROUND

ACTION ORIENTEDACTION ORIENTED INFORMATION WELL ORGANIZEDINFORMATION WELL ORGANIZED EVIDENCEEVIDENCE

Page 27: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

CONTENT ORIENTEDCONTENT ORIENTED PREFER COMPLEX INFORMATIONPREFER COMPLEX INFORMATION DETAILSDETAILS MAKE GOOD LAWYERS/JUDGESMAKE GOOD LAWYERS/JUDGES

TIME ORIENTEDTIME ORIENTED SUCCINCT MESSAGESSUCCINCT MESSAGES BRIEFBRIEF

Page 28: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

IV.IV.Active Listening Active Listening = is = is a a skill that produces skill that produces

therapeutic effectstherapeutic effects

Page 29: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

+

Page 30: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

A.A. Purposes of Active Purposes of Active ListeningListening1.1.Increases AccuracyIncreases Accuracy

2.2.Validation of Others FeelingsValidation of Others Feelings

Page 31: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

3. Prompts the Speaker to Explore Their Own Thoughts & Feelings

B.B. TechniquesTechniques

1. Paraphrase Speaker’s Meaning

Page 32: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH GETTING STARTED A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

2. Express Understanding of Speaker’s Feelings

3. Ask Questions