Introduction to Persuasive Speaking

Part 10:

Using Visual Aids

John E. Clayton

Nanjing University, Spring, 2005

Syllabus02/28 Introduction; 03/07 03/14 Speech 103/21 03/28 Movie: Remember the Titans04/04 Overcoming Fear04/11 Speech 204/18 Make-up speeches; Review speech 204/25 Using an outline; Selecting a topic05/02 Holiday

05/09 Using visual aids; Topic outline card05/16 Speech 3 (topic your choice, Visual aid, Outline card)

(NOTE: Please DO NOT use PowerPoint)05/23 Review of Speech 306/30 Review of all speech principles; Prep for speech 406/06 Speech 4 (no make-ups – all due this day)06/09 Speech contest and party (evening, 6:00 – 8:00pm)

The Role of Presentation Aids

Presentation Aids• Can be audio or visual• Help the audience

- see relationships- remember material

• Should be used to supplement, rather than serve as your ideas

Memory & Presentation Aids

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Percent of Speech Remembered After…

When to Use?

The first step is to establish the need for an aid.

Once your speech is complete, read through to identify places

where an aid would clarify your ideas.

Timing

Display your aid only when you

are about to discuss it

Otherwise, the audience my become distracted if they see

something they do not understand

Simplicity is Important

Concentrate on presenting one major

idea per aid.

Place Aids Carefully

Make certain that the audience can see and hear your aids,

and

that you can access them easily without interrupting

the flow of your speech

What Aids Should You Use?

The selection and use of particular types of

presentation aids should be based on the speech

content, the audience, and the occasion.

Basic Guidelines for Aids

• Make it easy to see

• Keep it simple

• Make it consistent with objective

• Maintain eye contact

• Talk about visual aid

Additional Considerations

• Don’t pass items around

• Use nothing dangerous or illegal

• Avoid using live animals

• Prepare for problems (have backups)

Types of Visual Aids

• Slides

• Posters

• Objects

• Models

• Handouts

Types of Visual Aids, cont.

• Flip charts

• Chalkboards

• Audio/video clips

• Overhead transparencies

• Projected computer graphics

Design Rules - Size

72 PT60 PT44 PT36 PT32 PT28 PT24 PT18 PT14 PT

Make sure type size is large

enough for the audience you will address

Make sure type size is large enough for the audience

you will address

A Picture is Worth 1,000 Words

“Hanging from a small pin

pounded into the mountain

surface can be an exciting,

if dangerous, activity.”

A Picture is Worth 1,000 Words

Chalkboard

Use for simple explanations

Remember -- the processes of writing or drawing reduce

contact between the presenter and the audience

Practice With the Aid

Practice the presentation as it will actually be performed

Plan on what to say during “dead time,” such as time spent

walking over to an overhead

Gettysburg Address Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,

conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should

do this.

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we

say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us --

that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

Gettysburg Address

Abraham Lincoln

Delivered 19 November 1863,

GettysburgBattlefield

Topic Outline Card

A. Introduction – we need better laws regarding alcohol. 1. Bob’s death 2. Latest statistics on youth deaths. 3. Question: why must this continue?

B. Need – It can happen to anyone.1. Story of Jane’s crippling accident.2.

C. Satisfaction --

Homework

Finish preparing speech 3,to be presented on May 16th

1. Argumentative topic of your choice2. 3 minutesMEASURED ON:

- Impactful introduction- Effective use of a visual aid- Use of a topic outline card