Introduction to OSS - BGUteln121/wiki.files/Intro to Ntwk Services.pdf · > Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay (F/R) > Integrated support for QoS ... LTE eNodeB AGW IP/MPLS

AMDOCS > CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE SYSTEMS INNOVATION

Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive © 2010 – Proprietary and Confidential Information of Amdocs 1

Introduction to Network Services

Yossi Nygate, PhD

VP Strategy and Architecture

July, 2011



Comparing Network Technologies

> Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), SONET, (PDH)

> Extremely High Speed – up to 100GB

> Long distance connectivity, highly reliable

> Dedicated bandwidth – connection oriented (trails)

> Architecture: Rings and Lines

> Use of multiple colors – Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

> Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay (F/R)

> Integrated support for QoS

> Applicable for Voice, Data, Video

> Connection oriented (PVC, SVC)

> Fairly reliable

> Up to 2.5GB

> Flexible but inefficient and expensive

> Architecture: Hierarchical

> Internet Protocol (IP)

> Very High Speed – up to 10GB

> Connectionless

> No QoS, poor reliability

> Simple, ubiquitous, and inexpensive

> Architecture: Directed Acyclic Graph



Multi Layered Services

Layer 1

Optical - DWDM

Layer 3

IP Network

Layer 2

ATM/FR

Layer 1.5

SDH/SONET

Layer 7

Application

Vendor A Vendor B Vendor C

Vendor D Vendor E

Vendor F Vendor G

Vendor H

Vendor K



ATM Based 3GPP UMTS

ATM AAL2/VC/VP

Aggregation Switch

RNCNode B

RBS 001OLO Switched/Leased Network

Underlying SDH / SONET Network Underlying SDH / SONET Network

SDH VC12 / SONET VT1.5

PDH E1 / T1

SDH VC12 / SONET VT1.5

IMA

Copper Link / Microwave

Copper Link / Microwave

PDH E1 / T1

ATM Bearer

ATM Bearer

3786Kbps

8929cps

149760Kbps

353207cps

149760Kbps

353207cps

ATM VP ATM VP (non AAL2)VPI

VPI

Range

ATM VPC (non AAL2)

857Kbps

2020cpsCoS

2929Kbps

6906cpsCoS

VPI

VPI

Range

3786Kbps

8929cps

AESAAESA

RangeAESA

VCI

Range

VCIATM VC - O&M

ATM VCC (AAL5) – O&M

CoS8.48Kbps

20cpsCoS

VCIATM VC - Sync

ATM VCC (AAL0) - Sync

0.212Kbps

5cpsCoS

0.212Kbps

5cpsCoS

VCIATM VC - NBAP

ATM VCC (AAL5) - NBAP

424Kbps

1000cpsCoS

424Kbps

100cpsCoS

VCIATM VC – Q2630

ATM VCC (AAL5) – Q2630

424Kbps

100cpsCoS

424Kbps

1000cpsCoS

8.48Kbps

20cps

IP AddrIP

Range

Iub RFS

Service

RBS001

PNNI

Domain

ATM VC – R99 User Data

ATM VCC (AAL2) – R99 User Data

1688Kbps

3980cpsCoS

1688Kbps

3980cpsCoS

ATM VC – HSDPA User Data

ATM VCC (AAL2) – HSDPA User Data

1241Kbps

2926cpsCoS

1241Kbps

2926cpsCoS

8.48KbpsCoSTo OSSIP (O&M)

ATM VP ATM VP (AAL2)VPI

2929Kbps

6906cpsCoS

2929Kbps

6906cpsCoS

VPI

ATM VPC (AAL2)

VCI

Range

ATM VC – R99 User Data

ATM VC – HSDPA User Data

VCI

VCI

Range

VCIVCI

VCI

A2EA

RANGE

A2EA A2EAA2EA

3840Kbps

9056cps

3840Kbps

9056cps



The Public Switched Telephone Network

> The first networks were the Telephone Networks

> The Public Switched Network (PSTN/POTS) was designed to provide voice telephony service

> Telephone Standards are set by the ITU and National Standards organizations

> The Network Elements:

> The Telephone (CPE - Customer Premises Equipment)

> The Switch (CO - Central Office)

> The Telephone Circuits

> Access Circuits

> Trunk circuits

> The Technology

> Circuit Switching

> Creates a dedicated circuit for the call

> Constant and minimal delay

CO CO

CO

Trunk Lines

Access Lines



The Trunk Lines

> The Intercity/International Lines

carry the calls across the

Backbone/Core Network

> Expensive to maintain

> Critical Resource

> Trunk Circuits were built and

digitized to carry multiple calls

> TDM – Time Division Multiplexed

> T1 – US – 24 calls

> E1 – ITU/Europe – 30 calls

> In the modern core network - the

trunk lines carry

> Voice calls (wireline and wireless)

> Data

> Signaling

CO CO

CO



Mobile Network

Air interface or

RF interface

Backhaul

Core or Transmission

GSM/Um PDH via

Microwave

BTS BSC Typically SDH/Sonet 2G: GSM

UTRAN ATM via

Microwave

nodeB Typically IP and

SDH/Sonet

3G: UMTS RNC

E-UTRAN IP via

Microwave

eNodeB AGW IP/MPLS 4G: LTE

Access Network



Mobile Network



Higher Speed Access - ADSL

> The Public Switched Telephone Network needs 56/64Kbps of bandwidth

> The twisted pair (local loop), can offer more bandwidth than current utilized by telephone network

> Bandwidth can be used for applications such as Internet Access, VPNs

> The frequencies are divided

> Telephone frequencies to the Public Switched Telephone Network

> Data Frequencies to an IP network

> ADSL speeds are limited by distance and quality of the copper infrastructure

Telephone

PC

Telephone

Switch (CO)

ATM/IP

Data Network

DSLAM – DSL

Access Multiplexor

Public

Switched

Telephone

network

Router/Switch Modem

Line Splitter



Access Technologies - xDSL

> Modulates voice and data over existing copper phone lines

> Numerous types of DSL – Asynchronous DSL (ADSL), (8Mbits Upstream and

3.5 Mbits downstream, VDSL (52 Mbit/16MBits), VDSL2 (100MBits up & down)

> End user has dedicated bandwidth

> Distance limitations to CO/Exchange



User info for [email protected]

CPE

DSLAM

Cisco

Aggregator

RADIUS

ISP A

Domain info for netvision.net.il

ISP B

DSL Network

ADSL Modem

CPE Splitter

Voice Network

Class V

Switch

Voice

DSL

ATM

IP

Data Network



ADSL Customer Premises Equipment

> MicroFilter

> To filter between voice and DSL

> Telephone plug installation

> Includes frequency splitter

> Telephone

> ADSL connection

> ADSL Modem

> ADSL Physical Layer

> Link Protocol (ATM or Ethernet)

> Broadband Router/Gateway

> Allows multi-station connectivity

> IP Address management features

> Security and Firewall Features

> VPN functionality

> Wireless/Wi-Fi connectivity

> Sometimes combined with Modem



Access Technologies - Cable

> Cable access and cable modems

> Based on existing cable Television (CATV) networks (coax cable

infrastructure)

> Broadband bandwidths provided: 10 Mbps - 51 Mbps in total for a

service area

> Broadcast oriented technology such as Ethernet

> Bandwidth of a service area shared between the subscribers of that

area

> Security issues (need VPN)

> Limited CATV infrastructure outside North America

> Distance limitation not an issue like DSL



Cable Access Technologies

> Initially 1 way TV transmission

> Progressed to 2 way infrastructure

> Fiber Backbone

> Co-ax Access

> Deregulation

> Digital TV on demand

> Telephony

> Data

> Internet Access

> Cable Modem

> DOCSIS Standard

> Shared Neighborhood Bandwidth



Home Connection

Regional Cable

Headend

Internet

IP

Backbone

Network

PSTN

Fiber

Node

Coax Connection

3Mbps Downstream

250Kbps Upstream

Distrubution

Hub

PC

Set Top Box

Telephone

Cable

Modem

Home

Router

Television

tap splitter



Cable Kit

Cable Modem

Transparent Bridge

Receives and transmits data

from the RF cable network

Supports up to 16 CPEs

CMTS – Cable Modem

Termination System

In a street Cabinet

Per neighbourhood



Traditional Call vs. VoIP call

Originating

Call

Local

Phone

OfficeLong Distance

Phone Office

Longhaul

Call

Destination

Traditional Call

Long Distance

Phone Office

Local

Phone

Office

Originating

Call

Originating

Gateway

IP

Network

Call

Destination

VoIP Call

VVVVVV

Terminating

Gateway

VVVVVV

E-n/T-n E-n/T-n

Local

Phone

Office

Local

Phone

Office

• Lower Equipment Cost

• Voice/Data Integration and Advanced Services

• Lower Bandwidth Requirements

• Widespread availability of IP

• Many new capabilities

But issues with -

• Support for E911

• Susceptibility to power failures

• Incomplete support for advanced services

• Legal Enforcement

• Security



VoIP Residential Service Model (xDSL)

Customer

Broadband Access

Internet

PSTN/OLO

VoIP Service

(e.g. Nuvio, Gossiptel)

VoIP Box

(Optional)

xDSL

Router

CO/Exchange PSTN Phone

Media GW

Call Server

xDSL

Traditional Voice

Copper Bearers ATM

Bearer

ATM Tunnel

IP Connection

IP

Bearer

VoIP Connection

Service

Primary

Secondary

TN



What is a Leased Line

> A leased line is a point to point communications circuit that has been

leased for private use. It is sometimes termed a “dedicated line”.

> Typical Use:-

> to securely interconnect two geographically distant corporate sites

> To connect a site to Service Access Point (POP) or ISP

> The Actual Connection

> Over short distances often provisioned as a physical direct circuit

> Over long distances provisioned as a channel over the carrier

infrastructure

> Different systems in US and Rest of World (Europe)

> Europe - E1 – Multiples of 64Kb to 2Mb (Higher Speeds - E2, E3, E4)

> US - T1 - Multiples of 64Kb to 1.5 Mbps (Higher Speeds T2,T3T4)

Site A Site B Communications Channel



> A Layer 1 service offers a dedicated

open communications between each two

sites

> Each two sites are connected at a

specific speed and the connection is

available whether used or not.

> Example

> Centralized Leased Line Network

> Main Frame Computer Centre

> All important data held at main site

> Reasoning

> High Security

> Better Management tools

> High Traffic volumes

> Legacy Network technology

Layer 1 Service – Leased Line



Layer 2 Service - Leased Line

> A Layer 2 Service such as Frame Relay or Ethernet offers connectivity between

two and more sites over a shared network facility

> Each pair of sites are typically connected (logically) via a Permanent Virtual

Circuit (PVC) usually with some SLA (Service Level Agreement) performance

guarantees

> The customer delivers frames/packet of information to the network in a specific

format

> The pricing is based on speed, throughput, and performance guarantees

Shared Network Capacity



Virtual Private Networks

Customer B Site 1

Community BLUE

Community YELLOW (VPN Endpoint D_yellow)

Community RED (VPN Endpoint D_red)

Customer A Site 2

Community BLUE (VPN Endpoint B_blue)

Customer B Site 2

Community GREEN (VPN Endpoint B_green)

Customer B Site 3

Community GREEN

Customer A Site 3

Community YELLOW

Customer A Site 1

Community RED

Customer A Site 4

Community RED

Customer Edge device

The provider network

PE PE

PE

PE

PE

P

P

P

CE

CE

CE

CE CE

CE

CE

CE

PE

P

Provider Edge device

Provider core device



Layer 2 Service – Carrier Ethernet (L2-VPN)

> Metro/Carrier Ethernet

Service

> High capacity data sites

with large Ethernet LANs

> Needs high capacity inter-

network connectivity.

> High Traffic Volumes

> Reasoning

> Customer Sites are

Ethernet based

> Ethernet connectivity offers

high throughput low cost

connectivity 10Mb

1Gb

100Mb

Branch A

Branch B

Branch C

Branch D

Branch E

Corporate Headquarters and Data Centre

Metro Ethernet Network

Metro Ethernet Network



Layer 3 Service – IP-VPN

> A Layer 3 Service offers connectivity between multiple sites over a shared IP

network

> The Physical Infrastructure networks are invisible to the end customer

> The sites are connected via an access link to an Open IP Internetwork

> The Carrier Access Point (POP) will be an IP Router

> Each site will have a unique identifiable (IP) address scheme

> Pricing is usually based on volumes of traffic within specified Classes of Service

> Layer 3 Services are often termed an IP-VPN

Shared Network Capacity



Layer 3 Service – IP Service (IP-VPN)

> Distributed Organization

> Corporate Sites

> Distributed and Home

Workers,

> Partners, Customers

> Many different types of

access

> Reasoning

> Application Convergence

over IP

> Flexibility

> Open communications

> Internet Connectivity

Mobile Access

Home Workers

Wi Fi

IP Network

Internet

http://www.dlink.com/products/?pid=38



Access:

PSTN

xDSL

Cable

Fiber

Mobile

Ethernet

Aggregation/Metro

Metro Ethernet Core:

IP/Ethernet

WDM

SDH/SONET

ATM

Fiber

Business

Corporate

Residential

STB

Business

Corporate

DSL Access

Residential

SiSiMobile Wireless

Access Node

Services

& Content

Core Network Metro/Aggregation Network

Internet

Carrier IP Network Architecture

Documents

Introduction to OSS - BGUteln121/wiki.files/Intro to Ntwk Services.pdf · > Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay (F/R) > Integrated support for QoS ... LTE eNodeB AGW IP/MPLS