Introduction to OSHA

OSHA 30 HRS OUT REACH TRAINING COURSE IN

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY STANDARDS

ABOUT TRAINER

OVER 6 YEARS EXPERIENCE IN HSE TRAINING FULL MEMBER OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RISK AND

SAFETY MANAGEMENT(MIIRSM) GRADUATE MEMBER OF INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

AND HEALTH ( Grad IOSH) AUTHORIZED TRAINER FOR OSHA 10hrs & 30hrs OUTREACH

TRAINING FOR CONSTRUCTION AND GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS,USA

AUTHORIZED TRAINER FOR NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SAFETY PROFESSIONALS,USA.

SPECALIST CERTIFICATE IN EHS FROM NASP,USA BACHELORS DEGREE IN OCCUPATIONL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADVANCED DIPLOMA IN FIRE SAFETY FROM SINGAPORE CIVIL

DEFENCE COLLEGE

COURSE DETAILS

30 HRS DURATION OPEN BOOK EXAM OF 50 OBJECTIVE TYPE

QUESTIONS (duration one hour)

RMEC COURSE COMPLETION CERTIFICATE TO PARTICIPENTS

OSHA COURSE COMPLETION CARDS FROM DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,OSHA UNITED STATES. WITHIN 10 WEEKS.

INTRODUCTION OSHA

Introduction to OSHA

Since 1970, OSHA has cut work-related fatalities by more thanhalf and drastically reduced overall injury and illness rates. Theirwork continues by encouraging employees and employers towork together, developing and enforcing mandatory jobstandards, requiring reporting and recordkeeping of job-relatedinjuries, and providing assistance, training, and supportprograms. Developed for both employees and employers, thiscourse will teach you how OSHA helps to keep the workplacesafe! This course takes about 1 hour to complete.


Course Goal and Overview

The goal of this course is to provide an overview of OSHAsrole in the prevention and elimination of work-relatedillnesses and injuries. It includes information about:OSHAs history and purpose the Book 29 CFR OSH Act reporting and recordkeeping employer and employee rights and responsibilities the inspection process


Fatal Statistics

Each year . . .

About 6,000 Americans die from workplaceinjuries. Even worse, about 50,000 deaths occurfrom illnesses caused by workplace exposures.source: OSHA Publication 2056


Non-Fatal Statistics

Each year . . . Nearly 6 million people suffer non-fatal workplace injuries.The cost of occupational injuries and illnesses totals more than 170 billion dollars.source: OSHA Publication 2056


OSHA Succeeds

Since 1970 OSHA has: cut the work-related fatalities by more than half reduced overall injury and illness rates virtually eliminated brown lung disease in the textile industry reduced trenching and excavation fatalities by 35%


OSHA Today

As you learned in the course Introduction, lets reviewOSHAs main objectives:What Does OSHA do?Encourages employers and employees to worktogether to reduce workplace hazards and implementnew or improve existing safety and health programs.Develops and enforces mandatory job-related safetyand health standards.Maintains a reporting and recordkeeping system tomonitor job-related injuries and illnesses.Provides assistance, training, and other supportprograms to help employers and workers.


ITS THE LAW!

This is the Federal OSHA ITS THE LAW! poster. It carries the message, You Have a Right to A Safe and Healthful Workplace. All employers* are required to display this poster informing employees of the protections of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. ( * Federal Government Agencies must instead use the Federal Agency Poster.)


Congress Created OSHA

More than three decades ago, as part of theOccupational Safety and Health Act of 1970(the OSH Act), Congress created theOccupational Safety and HealthAdministration.OSHAs mission hasnt changed: to helpemployers and employees reduce injuries,illnesses, and deaths on the job in America.


Congress Created OSHA

Since 1970, workplace fatalities have been cut by 62% andoccupational injury and illness rates have declined 42%. At thesame time, U.S. employment has doubled and now includesnearly 115 million workers at 7 million sites.


The OSH Act

The OSH Act requires employersAND

employees to comply with safetyand health standards issued byOSHA.The OSH Act covers all private-sector employers and theiremployees in the 50 states andall territories and jurisdictions. .


Which OSHA Standards Apply to You?

Employees must comply with all appropriate rules and regulations.

OSHA is responsible for writing and enforcing standards thatemployers must follow.

It is important to know which standards apply to your business. This is most often the responsibility of your Health & Safety Specialists, or those people that represent the employer.


Which OSHA Standards Apply to You?

OSHA standards cover:general industry construction long shoring and marine terminals (maritime) some agricultural activities


Emergency Standards OSHA is authorized to set EMERGENCY TEMPORARY STANDARDS that take effect immediately under certain limited conditions. OSHA must determine that:Workers are in grave danger due to exposure to toxic substances/agents or to new hazards, AND an emergency standard is needed to protect them. The temporary standard serves as a proposed permanent standard. The emergency standard may be challenged.


Enforcement

OSHA has a staff of over 2,300, includingapproximately 1,300 compliance safety andhealth officers.OSHA has the authority to inspect everyestablishment covered by the Act.Inspections are conducted without advancenotice, except under special circumstances.


29 CFR 1910.147 What does it Mean?

OSHA standards are compiled andpublished in the Code of FederalRegulations (CFR), Volume 29. It is alsoreferred to as 29 CFR, or the FederalRegister.The Title or the 29, refers to the specificportion of law and how it is filed inWashington. Title 29 has been assigned toOSHA.Remember that CFR is the abbreviation forCode of Federal Regulations.



The Section is a subpart. Below is an example of theLockout/ Tag out standard found in the generalindustry" standards. Broken into pieces it means:



Paragraph Numbering System

The paragraph numbering system may seem a little complex at first, but it helps you find an exact place in the standard.


29 CFR 1910.147 What does it Mean? Final Text Published in the Federal Register

Here is an example of final text published in the Federal Register.

Title 29 CFR Department of LaborPart 1910 Occupational Safety & Health Standards for

General IndustrySubpart D Walking and Working SurfacesParagraph 25 Portable Wood Ladders

Subparagraph (b)(1)(i)

MaterialsRequirements applicable to all wood partsAll wood parts shall be free from sharp edges and splinters; sound & free from accepted visual inspection from shake, wane, compression failures, decay or other irregularities. Low density wood shall not be used.


General Duty Clause

OSHA issues standards for a wide variety of workplace hazards, including:

toxic substances harmful physical agents electrical hazards fall hazards trenching hazards

hazardous waste infectious diseases fire and explosion hazards dangerous atmospheres machine hazards

Where there are no specific OSHA standard, employers must comply withthe OSH Act's General Duty Clause," which requires employers toprovide their employees with a workplace that is free from recognizedhazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physicalharm.


General Duty Clause

REMEMBER the general duty clause:


Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses

The purpose of the new rule, 29 CFR Part 1904, is torequire employers to RECORD and REPORTwork-related fatalities, injuries, and illnesses.

Regulation 29 CFR 1904, took effect on January 1,2002.

NOTE:Recording or reporting a work-related injury,illness, or fatality does NOT mean that theemployer or employee was at fault, that an OSHArule has been violated, or that the employee iseligible for workers' compensation or otherbenefits.


Reporting Fatalities and Catastrophes Keep in mind that exempt employers are NOT exempt from REPORTING

fatalities and catastrophes.

A few exempt employers will have to maintain records if OSHA or theBureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) selects them to participate in amandatory data collection


Reporting to OSHA You have learned; ALL employers (of any size or

classification) must report to OSHA within eight hours of learning about:

the death of any employee from a work-related incident

the in-patient hospitalization of three or more employees as a result of a work-related incident

Do NOT send an email or mail a report to OSHA; the report must be made orally!


Benefits of the Recordkeeping Rule What's so important about recordkeeping?

Keeping records allows OSHA to compile surveymaterial, helps identify high-hazard industries,and informs employees about their employersworkplace safety record.

These records also help employers identify potentialsources of injuries and illnesses at theirworksites.

By using injury and illness data, problem areas areidentified and hazardous workplace conditionscan be corrected.


Recordkeeping Requirements

Employers not exempt from OSHA's recordkeeping requirementsmust prepare and maintain records of work-related injuries andillnesses. Employers must record any work-related injury or illnessthat meets one or more of the final rules six general recordingcriteria, which are:

death days away from work restricted work or transfer to another job medical treatment beyond first aid loss of consciousness diagnoses by a physician or other licensed health care professional

as a significant injury or illness


Recordkeeping Requirements


Recordkeeping Forms The modified injury and illness forms began use on January 1, 2004.

Employee Rights and Involvement

One of the goals of the new rule is toenhance employee rights and involvementin reporting and recordkeeping.This means:Employers must establish procedures for employees to report work-related injuries and illnesses and train employees on how to use those procedures.

OSHA makes clear in the new rule that employers cannot discriminate against employees for reporting injuries or illnesses.

Employees have the right to access: 301 forms for their own injury and illnesses the Log, OSHA 300 (Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses)


Employee Rights

Workers have a vital role to play in identifying and correctingproblems in their workplaces, working with their employers, andOSHA whenever possible. A worker should occasionally read the ItsThe Law! poster to remind them of their rights, and where to go toget more information.


Employee Rights If you are an employee, you have the right to: review copies of appropriate OSHA standards, rules, regulations,

and requirements that the employer should have available at the workplace

request information from your employer on safety and health hazards, precautions, and emergency procedures

receive adequate training and information request that OSHA investigate if you believe hazardous

conditions or violations of standards exist in your workplace have your name withheld from your employer if you file a

complaint be advised of OSHA actions regarding your complaint and have

an informal review of any decision not to inspect or to issue a citation


Employee Rights If you are an employee, you have the right to: have your authorized employee representative accompany the

OSHA compliance officer during an inspection respond to questions from the OSHA compliance officer observe any monitoring or measuring of hazardous materials and

see any related monitoring or medical records review the Log and Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses

(OSHA 300 and 300A) at a reasonable time and in a reasonable manner

request a closing discussion following an inspection submit a written request to the National Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health (NIOSH) for information on whether any substance in the workplace has potentially toxic effects in the concentrations being used and have their name withheld from their employer


Employee Rights

If you are an employee, you have the right to: object to the abatement period set in a citation issued to

your employer participate in hearings conducted by the Occupational

Safety and Health Review Commission be notified by your employer if he or she applies for a

variance, testify at a variance hearing, and appeal the final decision

submit information or comments to OSHA on the issuance, modification, or revocation of OSHA standards and request a public hearing


OSHAs Workers Web Site OSHA has created a Web site just for workers. The site

includes information on: how to file a complaint workers rights and responsibilities OSHA resources . . . and more


Employers Under the OSH Act Employers must provide a safe

and healthful workplace, free of recognized hazards and follow the OSHA standards.

Employers must do all of the following to comply with the OSH Act: provide a safe and healthful workplace free of recognized

hazards minimize or eliminate potential hazards comply with standards, rules, and regulations issued under the

OSH Act provide employee training


Employers Under the OSH Act

Employers must do all of the following to comply with the OSH Act: provide employee medical examinations provide employees with properly maintained tools and

equipment, including appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)

maintain recordkeeping of work-related illnesses and injuries provide recordkeeping to employees cooperate with OSHA inspectors post the Its The Law! poster post the annual summary of work-related illnesses and injuries The OSH Act grants employers important rights, particularly during

and after an OSHA inspection. It is a good idea for employers to exercise their rights; such as accompanying an inspection with an OSHA compliance officer.


Employer Rights

Employers have rights too!

Employers, OSHA, and NIOSH work together to provide a safe and healthful work place.


Employer Rights If you are an employer, you have the right to: seek free advice and on-site consultation from OSHA request and receive proper identification of OSHA

compliance officers be advised by the compliance officer of the reason for an

inspection have an opening and closing conference with the

compliance officer accompany the compliance officer on the inspection file a notice of contest to dispute inspection results apply for a variance from a standard, under special

conditions, while other means have been provided to protect employees


Employer Rights NIOSH Employers can submit a written request to the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for information on whether any substance in the workplace has potentially toxic effects in the concentrations being used.

OSHAEmployers can submit information or comments to

OSHA on the issuance, modification, or revocation of OSHA standards and request a public hearing.


Workplace Inspections The OSH Act authorizes

OSHA to conduct workplace inspections to enforce its standards. Every establishment covered by the OSH Act is subject to inspection by OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs).


Workplace Inspections

Most inspections are conducted withoutadvance notice. In fact, anyone who alertsan employer in advance of an OSHAinspection can receive a criminal fine of upto $1,000 or a six-month jail term or both!Under special circumstances, OSHA maygive the employer advance notice of aninspection but no more than 24 hours.


Conducting the Inspection The basic components

of an inspection include:

Compliance Safety and Health Officer displays official credentials

opening conference, usually accompanied by a company representative


Conducting the Inspection The basic components of an inspection include: walk around inspection

1. CSHO and accompanying representatives (employer and employee) inspect the establishment for potentially hazardous working conditions

2. CSHO discusses possible corrective actions with the employer

3. CSHO may consult, at times privately, with employees

closing conference


Inspection Priorities OSHA cannot inspect all 7 million workplaces

covered by the OSH Act. Therefore, the mosthazardous workplaces are inspected tomake the most positive impact onoccupational safety and health.

OSHA focuses its inspections on these conditions: imminent danger

1. Any condition where there is a reasonable certainty that a danger exists that can be expected to cause death or serious physical harm immediately, or before the danger can be eliminated through normal enforcement procedures.


Inspection Priorities OSHA focuses its inspections on these conditions: fatalities and catastrophes (resulting in hospitalization of

3 or more employees) employee complaints or referrals programmed high-hazard inspections follow-ups to previous inspections


What Happens After an OSHA Inspection?

OSHA may or may not issue citations. 1. After CSHO reports findings, the OSHA area director

(supervisor) determines what citations, if any, will beissued, and what penalties, if any, will be proposed.

Citations inform employer and employees of the regulations and standards allegedly violated and of the proposed time for abatement.

Citations and notices of proposed penalties are sent to employers by certified mail.

Employers must post a copy of each citation at or near the place where the violation occurred, for 3 days or until violation is corrected, whichever is longer.

Documents

Introduction to OSHA