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INTRODUCTION TO ONE HEALTH (AND PLANETARY HEALTH)Dirk PfeifferChair Professor of One HealthDirector of Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice
Conference on Sustainability in AsiaPartnerships for Research and ImplementationApril 6-7, 2017Hong Kong
One Health and Planetary Health
One Healtho integrated effort of
multiple disciplines to achieve optimal health for human, animal and environment
Planetary Healtho health of human
civilisation and state of natural systems on which it depends
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Image from: http://barfblog.com/tags/one-health/
ContextSocietal, cultural andecological influences
Livestock production
Goal(s)eg public health, economic security, social stability, animal and environmental health
Animals
EnvironmentHumans
Disease emergence
Institutional context• Animal and human health service
• Patterns, provision and access• Regulation and governance
From: Steffen et al. Science 2015;347:1259855
Current Status of Planetary Boundaries
Antibiotic Residue Pathways in Ecosystems
Silvia Berkner et al. EMBO Rep. 2014;15:740-744©2014 by European Molecular Biology Organization
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND ZOONOTIC DISEASE
Poultry and Avian Influenza
6
Growth of Meat Consumption 1961 to 2025
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Mea
t (kg
/per
son/
year
)
World ChinaData source: FAOSTAT and OECD
Spatial Distribution of HPAI H5N1 in S & SE Asia since 2010
AI data source: FAO Empres-i
Tét Holidays and AI Outbreaks in Vietnam (2004 – Mar 2017)
Updated from: Pfeiffer et al 2007 -
The Veterinary Journal
Tét holiday periodsData source: FAO Empres-i
Trader
Commune
♦
Network Analysis of Poultry Trade in Northern Vietnam
From: Magalhaes et al 2010 - BMC Vet Research
Free Grazing Duck Flocks in Mekong Delta of Vietnam
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Source: A Meyer, T Vergne
Role of Fighting Cocks? common throughout
South-East Asia cultural significance organised fighting cock industry,
including breederso official gambling industry
informal cock fightingo most rural households involvedo fighting cocks recruited from backyard
chickens• less controlled by authorities
From: Høg et al submitted
Chicken Transaction Chain: Example of Business Relations (Cash, Chickens and Credit) in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Hatchery
Feed dealer
Farmer
Feed company
Field veterinarian
Medicinedealer
Middlemen
Broker
LBMpoultry shop
LBMwholesaler
LBM poultry shop
andwholesaler
Explaining Practices associated with Chicken Slaughter at Live Bird Markets in Chittagong, Bangladesh habituation
o current practices have become habituated
lack of self-risk perceptiono most workers see no risk
necessityo workers have no occupational
alternative confidence
o bare handed approach is a tactic of risk avoidance to conciliate consumers
From: Høg et al submitted
adapted from V. Martin, FAO-AGA
HPAIV H5N1 Transmission in S & SE-Asia
Social, economic and political factors
Science
Risk Management
Factors influencing Effectiveness of Risk Management
policy measures
policy impact
scientific knowledge
stakeholder acceptance
availability of resources
legislation, governance
variation of values within society
uncertainty
?
Global Chicken Meat Trade Network (Top 25% Importers in 2013)
From: FAOSTAT
Shanghai
Kampala
Ambient Density of Human Population in Megacities
FROM: URBANAGE.LSECITIES.NET
New York City Hong Kong
London
Mumbai
Conclusions eco-social systems changing rapidly
o increasing urbanisationo increasing demand for food, including meat
need to better understando socio-economic and anthropological drivers of zoonotic
disease risk• food trade networks• biosecurity behaviour along value chains
need to develop cost-effective surveillance and control policies based on inter- and transdisciplinary approacheso improved monitoring and management of national and
international tradeo need to effectively influence human behaviour along food
value chains
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
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