Introduction to Oil Cargo Loss

8/14/2019 Introduction to Oil Cargo Loss

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INTRODUCTION TO OIL CARGO LOSS


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DESCRIPTION OF CARGO LOSS

A. PHYSICAL OR ACTUAL LOSS:- is a type of cargo loss that physically or actually

occurs during the subjected process.- Example : evaporation, leakage, slopping, pilferage,

contamination, spillage etc.

B. APPARENT OR SPURIOUS LOSS :- is a type of cargo loss that it is seen on the document,

but physically does not occur.- Example : inaccurate B/L, Certificate of quality, Ullage

report etc.


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RECORD ON CLAIM OF CARGO LOSS

1. Majority of claim on cargo loss are apparent cargoloss that discrepancy between shore and ship sides ordelivery and outturn figures are more than 0.5%.

This case cannot be accepted, since there is noevident that is physical loss.

2. The standard pleading for cargo loss in the past,0.5% could not be applied no longer. Now this limitshould be stipulated in the sale contract or charterparty. This figure is never accepted by USA & othercountries.


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OIL LOSS

DIFFERENCES/ CHANGE

IN

QUALITY & QUANTITY

QUALITY DETERIORATION(Degradation, Contamination etc

QUANTITY DIFFERENCESR 1 ,R 2 , R 3 ,R 4

PHYSICAL LOSS

(real loss, actually happen)

APPARENT LOSS

(spurious loss/on paper only)

POTENTIAL FACTORS:1. Evaporation ( MINIMAL)

2. Leakage or spillage

3. Slopping

4. Quality degradation or

contamination

5. Crime, etc

POTENTIAL FACTORS:1. Inaccurate calibration: (expired, deformation, etc)

- tanks (shore & ship),meter prover

2. Inaccurate measurement:

- temperature, gauging, water, sludge, clingage detection

- rolling & pitching

2. Inaccurate sampling:

- method, equipment, position, etc

2. Inaccurate laboratory analysis/determination:

- density,

OIL CARGO LOSSCLASSIFICATION


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max. 0.5% max. 0.2%

VEF analysis: Students table for 95% confidence limit Stable & consistent accurate

max. 0.5%

SHORETANKS

Loading Losses: Transportation Losses: Discharging Losses:

FACTORS OF APPARENT LOSSES:1. Inaccurate calibration:

Shore tanks Vessel

2. Inaccurate measurement

Temperature Ullaging/gauging due to:- Pitching & rolling- Undetectable free water- Sludge or un-pump able

materials (hard) Free water detection

3. Sampling & analysis (density, %BS&W)4. Using different tables5. Improper filling of shore lines

FACTORS OF PHYSICAL LOSSES:

1. Evaporation2. Spillage or leakage3. Slopping

4.

Crime

FACTORS OF APPARENT LOSSES:1. Inaccurate calibration:

Vessel Shore tanks Weigh bridges

2. Inaccurate measurement: Temperature Ullaging / gauging

3. Using different Density4. Sampling & analysis (density)5. Improper filling of shorelines

SHORETANK

B/L(R2 or diff of 2-3)(R1 or diff of 1-2) (R3 or diff of 3-4)

Supply Losses(R4 or diff of 1-4)max. 0.5%

Negligible

Sampling MP

12 3 4

VEF analysis VEF analysis

GENERAL ACCEPTABLE LIMITS OF CARGODISCREPANCIES IN QUANTITY


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SHORETANK

Loading Losses: Transportation Losses: Discharging Losses:

FACTORS AFFECTING APPARENT LOSSES:

QUANTITY:

1. Inaccurate calibration tables: Weighbridge Shore tanks Vessels tank

2. Inaccurate measurement Temperature Sounding/Ullaging due to:- Rolling & Pitching- Overtrimmed or overlisted- Undetectable free water- Sludge or unpumpable materials- Accuracy of sounding/ullaging device

3. Sampling & Analysis4. Improper filling or displacement of the shore lines

QUALITY:

1. Sampling (method, position & temperature)2. Sample compositing3. Analysis

FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL LOSSES :

QUANTITY:

1. Spillage or Leakage2. Slopping3. Pilferage

QUALITY:

Contamination due to: Spontaneous hydrolysis by moisture or free water Hydrolysis by water or sea water entrainment Reaction with the residue of the last cargoes Reaction with coating, tank or interior materials. Steam leaking (Heating system)

SHORETANK

B/L(R2 or diff of 2-3)

max. 0.2%

(R1 or diff of 1-2)

max. 0.5%

(R3 or diff of 3-4)

max. 0.5%

1 2 3 4

Supply Losses(R4 or diff of 1-4)

max. 0.5%


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RATIO OF CARGO LOSS

R 1 = loading loss = B/L Qty loaded x 100%B/L

R 2 = transportation loss = SFAL SFBD x 100%B/L

R 3 = discharging loss = Qty recd Qty dischd x 100%B/L

R 4 = supply loss = B/L Qty recd x 100%B/L

Legends:B/L = Bill of LadingSFAL = ships figure after loading SFBD = ships figure before discharging


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SHIPBOARD QUANTITY DETERMINATIONENVIRONTMENTCONDITION

CHARACT. OFCARGO

TEMP. DRAFT / TRIM GAUGING LIST FWDETECTION

TRIMCORRT

LISTCORRT

MEASUREMENT& READING

SAMPLING

LAB. ANALYSIS

ASTM, API, IPTABLES

OLD & NEW

DENSITY 15(API GRAVITY,

REL. DENS)

WCF

VCF

CORRECTEDGAUGE

TOV

GOV

NSV

GSV

NET WEIGHT

% S&W

VOLFW

SHIPS

TANK CALIBRTABLES

ENVIRONTMENTCONDITION

Note :

Trim & List Corrections shallbe deleted for shore quantity

determination


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TYPICAL DIFFERENCE OF VCF BETWEEN OLD & NEW ASTMTABLES

( FOR API = 33.0 )

No. TEMP. F OLD TABLE NEW TABLE DIFFERENCE ,%

1. 50 1.0044 1.0046 + 0.022. 60 1.0000 1.0000 0.003. 70 0.9956 0.9954 - 0.024. 80 0.9913 0.9907 - 0.065. 90 0.9869 0.9861 - 0.086. 100 0.9826 0.9814 - 0.127. 110 0.9782 0.9768 - 0.148. 120 0.9739 0.9721 - 0.18

9. 130 0.9695 0.9674 - 0.21

CATATAN : TEMP. MAKIN JAUH DARI 60 F, BEDA VCF MAKIN BESAR .


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CARGO RECONCILIATION

1. IF THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN SHORE AND SHIP FIGURESEXCEEDS THE ACCEPTABLE/ ALLOWABLE LIMIT , CHECK

SHORE & SHIP FIGURES CALCULATION .

2. ENSURE THE LINE IS FULL.

3. REGAUGE SHORE & SHIP SIDES , INCL. TEMPERATURE, FW,SUITABILITY OF THE MEASURING DEVICES USED, REF.HEIGHT ETC.

4. ENSURING THAT THERE IS NO MISFLOW/ MISLOADED/MISDISCHARGED:- CHECK COFFERDAM, DEEP TANK, BALLAST TANK, FORE

PEAK, BUNKER AND OTHER HIDEN SPACES.


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Continued

- CHECK DATA OF INITIAL & FINAL QUANTITY OF BUNKER ANDFUEL CONSUMPTION OF THE VESSEL.

- CHECK OBQ OR ROB AND RESIDUAL CARGO REMAINING ONBOARD OR AT THE SHORE/ STORAGE TANK(S) WHETHER

ANY CLINGANGE, SEDIMENT, SLUDGE OR OTHERUNPUMPABLE MATERIALS ?

5. ANALYSE DIFFERENCE OF FIGURES PER SEGMENT ANDQUANTITY COMPONENT .- CHECK THE CORRESPONDING COMPONENT PER SEGMENT.- CHECK PETROLEUM TABLE APPLIED, DENSITY, % S & W,

TEMPERATURE, SEA CONDITION, VEF ETC.


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APPARENT LOSS IN QUANTITY

A. CAUSES :

- INACCURATE GAUGING & TEMP. MEASUREMENT ( method,equipment, condition, skill etc )

- INACCURATE CALIBRATION OF SHIP, SHORE TANKS ANDFLOWMETER.

- DISTURBED CONDITIONS ( cargo properties, surroundings,vessel position & stability etc )

- INACCURATE SAMPLING & ANLYSIS

- DIFFERENT OR INACCURATE TABLE USED & INACCURATECALCULATION.


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Continued

B. PROTECTIVE & PREVENTIVE ACTIONS:

- ACCURATE GAUGING & TEMP. MEASUREMENT.

- ACCURATE SAMPLING & ANALYSIS

- SAME TABLE & METHOD OF CALCULATION.

- MINIMIZE CONDITION DISTURBANCE.


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APPARENT LOSS IN QUALITY

A. CAUSES:

- INACCURATE SAMPLING ( method, equipment, samplingpoint, sample preparation etc ).

- INACCURATE ANALYSIS ( method, equipment, preparation,calculation etc ).

B. PROTECTIVE & PREVENTIVE ACTIONS:

- ACCURATE SAMPLING & SAMPLE PREPARATION.- ACCURATE ANALYSIS


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PHYSICAL LOSS IN QUALITY

A. CAUSE:

- CONTAMINATION, QUALITY DETERIORATION, ON FIRE/EXPLOSION ETC.

B. PROTECTIVE & PREVENTIVE ACTION :

- CLEAN & DRY COMPARTMENT WITH SUITABLE MATERIAL,- TANK CLEANING, GASING UP, INERTING, N2 BLANKETING


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CARGO LOSS CONTROL

1. CRUDE OIL WASHING ( COW ):

- improvement discharge operation by spraying the tank wall withher own cargo.

2. GASING UP:- removing residual gas in a confined space by blowing with fresh

air ( gas freeing ), inert gas, nitrogen or loading vapor ( purging ).

3 . HEATING:- increasing temperature for preventing solidification of the cargo.

4. RELIEF VALVE:- a device for retaining gas in a tank/ vessel up to certain

pressure.


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CLOSING SPEECH

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTIONGOOD LUCK

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Introduction to Oil Cargo Loss