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Introduction to Moder nColloid Science
ROBERT J. HUNTER
i Characterization of colloidal dispersions
1
1 .1 Nature of the colloidal state
11 .2 Biological and technological significance of colloids
41 .3 Lyophilic and lyophobic sols : stability and instability
51 .4 Preparation of special colloidal suspensions
61 .5 Maintaining clean surfaces
2 41 .6 Purification procedures
2 6References
3 1
2 Microscopic colloidal behaviour
32
2 .1 Brownian motion and diffusion
3 32 .2 Light scattering
4 12 .3 Coagulation and flocculation-stability and instability
4 52 .4 Effect of polymers on colloid stability
5 4References
5 6
3 Determination of particle size
57
3 .1 General considerations
5 83 .2 Microscopy
6 63 .3 Sedimentation methods
7 33 .4 Electrical pulse counting
7 83 .5 Light scattering methods
8 03 .6 Hydrodynamic methods
8 93 .7 Electroacoustics
9 33 .8 Summary of sizing methods
9 5References
9 6
4 Flow behaviour
974.1 Deformation and flow
9 74 .2 Measurement of viscosity
10 04 .3 Flow of time-independent inelastic fluids
1074 .4 Time-dependent inelastic fluids
11 84 .5 Viscoelastic fluids
12 04 .6 Measurement of non-Newtonian flow characteristics
12 04 .7 Microscopic description of flow behaviour
12 6References
13 0
5 Thermodynamics of surfaces
13 1
5 .1 Introduction
13 15 .2 Surface energy and its consequences
13 25 .3 Thermodynamics of surfaces
138
5 .4 Thermodynamic behaviour of small particles
14 1
5 .5 Behaviour of liquids in capillaries
15 0
5 .6 Homogeneous nucleation
154
5 .7 Contact angle and wetting behaviour
15 9References
163
6 Adsorption at interfaces
16 46 .1 Adsorption at the solid-gas interface
1646.2 Adsorption at the solid-liquid interface
1746.3 Adsorption at the liquid-air interface
1776.4 Adsorption at the liquid-liquid interface
192References
19 3
7 Electrically charged interfaces
19 47 .1 The mercury-solution interface
1947 .2 Charge and potential distribution near the mercury surface
20 37 .3 The surface potential of a charged solid
21 67 .4 Modelling the solid-solution interface
225References
226
8 Measuring surface charge and potential
22 78 .1 Measuring surface charge
2278 .2 The electrokinetic effects
23 18 .3 Calculation of the zeta potential
23 58 .4 Electrophoresis and electro-osmosis measurements
24 18 .5 Streaming current and streaming potential
2498 .6 Applications of the zeta potential
25 3References
26 1
9 Particle interaction and coagulation
2629.1 Interactions between particles
26 29.2 Attractive forces
26 89.3 Total potential energy of interaction
2749.4 Experimental studies of the equilibrium interactio n
between diffuse double layers
2809.5 Kinetics of coagulation
2899.6 Aggregate structure
294References
29 8
10 Applications of colloid and surface science
29910.1 Paper
30010.2 Paints and inks
30 310.3 Flotation of mineral ores
31 210 .4 Detergency
31 610.5 Food colloids
31 9References
322
Index
323