Introduction to Microgrids & Control Solutions...grid via coupling point üManage decentralized energy, including renewables & storage, in a local environment üAllow for optimizing

Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2016 All rights reserved.

Introduction to Microgrids &Control Solutions

Unrestricted © Siemens AG 201620XX-XX-XXPage 2

Industry Perspective on Microgrid


Microgrid Market Potential to Exceed $670 Million

Take Away• A Five increase from 2014

($133 million) to 2017 ($671million)

• Project cost $/kW to decreaseby cost efficiency gains incontroller development andproject development

• Beside generation vendors,the biggest opportunities willbe controller, modeling andswitching providers

Take Away• A Five increase from 2014

($133 million) to 2017 ($671million)

• Project cost $/kW to decreaseby cost efficiency gains incontroller development andproject development

• Beside generation vendors,the biggest opportunities willbe controller, modeling andswitching providers

Source: GTM Research 2014


Consumers Initiatives towards Microgrid and More

ü Goldman Sachs (2020)

ü Johnson & Johnson (2050)

ü Nike (2025)

ü Procter & Gamble

ü Salesforce

ü Starbucks

ü Steelcase

ü Voya Financial (2015)

ü Walmart

9 Massive US Companies Pledge To GO100% Renewable


Microgrid Definition

üScaled-down power system

ü Local generation andconsumption of power

üTypically connected with maingrid via coupling point

üManage decentralized energy,including renewables & storage,in a local environment

üAllow for optimizing controllableloads and building automation

CHP

PV, Wind

Energy Storage – Thermal /electrical

ControllableLoad

UtilityGrid

Points ofCommon Coupling

MicrogridController

Limited or notControllableEnergy Resources

Controllable Generation

Fuel cells

Back up gen setsUPS

CriticalLoad

Turbine, Recipengine

Geothermal


• Wind, Solar, other RES• GT, ST, CHP, Fuel Cell, Diesel Gen-sets• Battery, UPS, Other ESS

Mixed Generation Assets

• Critical vs. Non-Critical• Controllable vs. Non-Controllable• Sheddable vs. Non-Sheddable

Complicated Load Profile

• Grid-Connected vs. Off-Grid• Black start• Re-synchronization to the Grid

Complex Modes of Operations

Three Pillars of a Microgrid System


Role of a Microgrid Controller

Components (SW and HW):

Field layer§ DG: Solar PV, Wind turbine,

combustion engine, CHP, CCHP§ Energy Storage: Battery, ultra

capacitor, flywheel, E-car§ Grid components: switchgear,

distribution line, transformer,protection§ Power consumer mgmt.

Control & supervisory§ Central mgmt. & control comp.§ Operation tool for baselining &

decision logic (e.g.weatherforecast)

System layer§ Power electronics: Smart

inverter, smart connection§ Smart controller (DG,

storage, loads)

Communication layer§ IT-communication§ Smart meters, sensors

• Monitor and Control all Assets: SCADA

• Balance Supply and Demand: Frequency Control

• Manage Sufficient and Safe Voltage: Voltage Control

• Energy Management: Scheduling Generation & Storage

• Transition between Island and Grid-connected States

• Manage a Black Out Situation: Black Start Restoration

• Respond to Utility’s Demand Response Request

• Optimize the Microgrid for Maximum Asset Utilization


Microgrid Control Hierarchy

EnergyTrading

SCADA

LoadForecast

GenerationForecast

GenerationOptimization

FrequencyRegulation

VoltageRegulation

LoadManagement

Archiving

Tertiary ControlPower Quality

Analyzer

AutomaticIslanding &

Resynchronization

EmergencyDemand

Response

Secondary Control

Power Quality ProtocolConversion

Distributed Energy Resources

PrimaryController

BuildingMgmt

EnergyStorageEVFMS

FuelCellDieselPV

OLTCRelays/MetersBreakersCouplingSwitch

Primary Power System Equipment

Local ControlSCADAAdvanced Functions Secondary ControlKey:

Less Fast

Fast

Very Fast

MGMS

PowerAutomation

Systems

Local Control


Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Local Control


PrimaryController

BuildingMgmt

EnergyStorageEVFMS

FuelCellDieselPV




Switch/Circuit Breakers Protection and Control Devicesand Power Meters

On-load Tap ChangerController

Genset Controller

Local ControlKey:


Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Local Control


PrimaryController

BuildingMgmt

EnergyStorageEVFMS

FuelCellDieselPV




PV Cells / Solar Inverter Diesel Generators Energy Storage(Batteries)

Building ManagementSystem

Fuel Cells

Local ControlKey:



EnergyTrading

SCADA

LoadForecast

GenerationForecast


FrequencyRegulation

VoltageRegulation

LoadManagement

Archiving


Analyzer


Resynchronization

EmergencyDemand

Response

Secondary Control



PrimaryController

BuildingMgmt

EnergyStorageEVFMS

FuelCellDieselPV




Less Fast

Fast

Very Fast

MGMS

PowerAutomation

Systems

Local Control


Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Secondary Control


Resynchronization

EmergencyDemand

ResponsePower Quality ProtocolConversion

Secondary ControlKey:




Resynchronization

EmergencyDemand

ResponsePower Quality ProtocolConversion

Secondary ControlKey:

Secondary Control

Engineering andMaintenance Station

RedundantSCADA Servers

Control Room Interface to BuildingAutomation System

TCP/IP Modbus / IEC 61850



Secondary Control – Communications Network

Engineering andMaintenance Station

RedundantSCADA Servers

Control Room Interface to BuildingAutomation System


Primary Equipment


RedundantController

Gateway

Modbus/Profibus

Meter

Primary EquipmentPrimary Equipment

Non-RedundantController


CentralController

Primary Equipment



Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Power Quality

Power QualityIEEE States:

“ Power quality is the concept of powering and grounding sensitive equipment in a matter that issuitable to the operation of that equipment “.

The need for Quality Power - Every market is exposed by financial losses due to power availabilityand voltage quality. Minimizing losses due to power quality issues starts in identifying andunderstanding the problem.

Power reliability is truly a business and operations issue rather than merely an inconvenience.



Power Quality

ElectricalSystem

Harmonics

Reactive Power

Flicker

Unbalance

Loads

ElectricalSystem Loads

Harmonic Predistortion

Voltage Dips / Swells

Voltage Variations

Interruption



Page 17

Offi

ceLe

vel

(Ana

lysi

s)

§ One Location for all Power Quality Data

§ Both Quick and Detailed Review

of your Power Quality

§ Analysis and Reports

Power Quality Analyzer

§E

xete

nded

faul

trec

ord

anal

ysis

Sub

stat

ion

Leve

l(A

rchi

ving

)

PQS Archive§ Fault records§ Power Quality data§ PDR records

§ Topological Information§ Evaluation results

§ Fault location reports§ Scheduled reports

§ Fault location§ Grid Code evaluation§ Creating scheduled Reports

Power Automation Services§ Notification via E-Mail & SMS§ COMTRADE / PQ Dif Export§ Report Export

Protection devices Fault recorder PQ Recorder

Pro

cess

Leve

l

(Rec

ordi

ng)

Power Meter

§ IEC61850§ Profibus FMS

:

§ Autom. COMTRADE Import§ Autom. PQ Dif Import

:

Snapshotof

Disturbances§ Modbus§ Profibus DP

:


Typical Design Example

Point ofCommon

Coupling toGrid

Critical Loads

DispatchableGeneration

RenewableGeneration

EnergyStorage

UtilityService

MCL #2 MCL #3

MCL #1



EnergyTrading

SCADA

LoadForecast

GenerationForecast


FrequencyRegulation

VoltageRegulation

LoadManagement

Archiving


Analyzer


Resynchronization

EmergencyDemand

Response

Secondary Control



PrimaryController

BuildingMgmt

EnergyStorageEVFMS

FuelCellDieselPV




Less Fast

Fast

Very Fast

MGMS

PowerAutomation

Systems

Local Control


Microgrid Control Solutions

• Grid health• Fast detection of grid failure• Power quality, freq/ voltage• Alarming• …

Monitor

• Freq/Volt control• Reserve management• Fast grid restoration• Black start sequence• Load and generation controls• Fast Load shedding• …

Control • Mode of operations• Economic Dispatch• “When to generate what and why”

to provide secure power tomission critical loads

• …

Optimize


Advanced Microgrid Control Solutions

Load andRenewableGeneration

Forecast

MicrogridOptimization

Module

Generation &Load ControlFeedback

Load andGenerationSchedules

Control Commands

Weather DataFeed

Historical Loadand

GenerationData

Min ∑ cost–or-

Min ∑ emissions


Net-Load

Load

-1250

-750

-250

250

750

1250

1750

0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:00

PV Output

MGMS OverviewDay-ahead Forecast and Scheduling based on Optimization

Grid Expensive $$$

Discharge Storage

Gas Generation Online

Grid Normal $$

Charge Storage

Grid Cheap $

Discharge Storage

Grid Cheap $

Charge Storage


Advanced Microgrid Control Solutions

Reliable PowerRenewable Integration

Cost SavingsEmission

Security

Reliable Efficient Sustainable Secure• Alarming• Frequency Control• Voltage Control• Reserve Management• Grid to Island

Transition• Fast Load Shed• Island to Grid Resynch• Black Start

Restoration• Power Quality Analysis

• Optimal economicdispatch & Unitcommitment

• Simple Deployment• Autonomous or Simple

Operation• Demand Charge

Management• Bid energy markets or

ancillary services• Interface/optimize energy

storage

• Emission Optimization• Solar & wind

forecasting• Maximum penetration

of renewables viastorage optimization

Nee

dsB

enef

itsFu

nctio

ns

• Strong security,platformbased on utility-levelsystem

• Patch management• Security architecture &

design• Cyber vulnerability

assessment• Access control• Security in lifecycle• Information security

governance

High-Level CustomerRequirements

Advanced MicrogridControl SolutionBenefits

Specific FunctionalRequirements

Resiliency


MGMS: Grid Connected


MGMS: Islanded


Advanced Microgrid Controls Enables Integrated Grid

• Interconnected Grid to Integrated Grid• Better integrate renewables, storage and

other DER• Grid recovery and healing• Optimization of system energy and load

management

Unidirectional Power Flow Bidirectional Power Flow

Offshore Wind Parks

Large ScalePV Plant

Small IndustrialGas Turbine

Biogas CHPDiesel Generator

StorageSolutions

ElectricalVehicles

Private Solar

Smart StreetLighting

Hydrogen Storage

StorageSolutions

Pumped StoragePower Plant

Microgrids

• Advanced Microgrid Controls enable:• Transparency and data accessibility• Prosumers• Distribution-level power markets• Grid stability• Safety and protection


Contact

Maggie CloutBusiness Development ManagerMicrogridMobile: 404-426-3068Email: [email protected]

Documents

Introduction to Microgrids & Control Solutions...grid via coupling point üManage decentralized energy, including renewables & storage, in a local environment üAllow for optimizing