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Medical Terminology
Introduction to Medical Terminology
Language of the medical field Communication Written and spoken in the clinical area Bonus: Look really smart when watching TV
medical shows Originates from Latin & Greek
Why Do I Need to Learn Medical Terminology?
Medical terms◦ Prefix◦ Root◦ Suffix◦ Do not have to have all three
Composition
Prefix◦ At beginning of word◦ *Not all medical terms have a prefix◦ Prefixes are attached to words to express
numbers, measurements, position, negative, colors
◦ epi—on or upon ◦ hypo—below or low◦ hemi—half ◦ pan—all or everywhere
Prefix
Root ◦ The word’s foundation◦ *All medical terms have at least one root◦ If no prefix—the root will begin the medical term◦ gastr—stomach◦ cyt--cell◦ glycem—blood sugar◦ pleg—paralysis
Root
Suffix◦ The medical terms ending◦ *Most medical terms have a suffix◦ ic—pertaining to◦ penia—decrease
Suffix
Epi/gastr/ic—pertaining to over the stomach Pan/cyto/penia—decrease in all blood cells Hemi/plegia—one side paralysis Hepato/megaly—enlargement of the liver
Medical Terms
A combining vowel (usually o) joins a root to another root or to a suffix
Example: Therm(o)meter Therm. = heat (root) Meter = measuring device (root) Hepat(o)megaly—enlarged liver Hepat—liver (root) megaly (suffix) Osteoporosis—porous condition of bone Oste—bone (root) porosis (suffix)
Composition
bi – two, double bicuspidhemi – half hemiplegicmilli – 1/1000 millilitermono – one, single monocyteprimi – first primigravidasemi – half semiconscioustri – three tricepsuni – one unilateral
Prefix--Number
hyper – excessive or highmulti – manypoly – many
hypo – below or low tachy—rapid or fast brady—slow
Prefix--Measurement
a – withoutab – from, away fromad – toward, increaseambi – both, both sidesan – withoutante – before, in frontcircum – around
peri—around
Prefix--Position
pre – in front of beforepost – afterretro – backward, behindsub – under, belowsupra – above
Position (cont’d)
cardi --- heart gastr --- stomach mast ------ breast hepat --- liver oste ----- bone neur ----- nerve arthr ----- joint
Common Root Terms
fibr---fibrous tissue my----muscle myel---bone marrow or spinal cord enter---intestine col-----colon chole---gall or bile
Common Root Terms
Suffix : clarify will make a new word
will change the meaning of the root Example: Tonsillitis – inflammation of tonsils Tonsillectomy – removal of tonsils
Suffix
porosis ----- porous condition cyte --------- cell ectomy ------ surgical removal algia -------- pain -------- dynia megaly ----- enlargement logy --------- study of itis ------------ inflammation oma --------- tumor
Common Suffix
scope -------- device for viewing scopy -------- act of viewing sclerosis ------ hardness stenosis ------ narrowed, blocked lith ------------ stone, calculus iasis ----------- indicating a condition ic -------------- pertaining to tripsy --------- crushing
Common Suffix
Gastrectomy Hepatic Hepatocarcinoma Neuropathy Neurofibroma Neurogastric Osteoporosis Osteomyelitis
Medical Terminology
Cholecystectomy Cholelithiasis Cholecystitis Cardiomyopathy Osteoarthritis
Medical Terminology
Acronym◦ Medical terms formed by combining letters of a
word or phrase COPD—Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease HIV—Human Immunodeficiency Virus CAD—Coronary Artery Disease HTN—Hypertension
Medical Terminology
Eponym◦ Medical term based on the name of a person
Parkinson’s Disease Kaposi’s Sarcoma Sulk Vaccine
Medical Terminology
Meridian time Military time12 Midnight 2400 or 00001 am 0100 2 am 0200 3 am 0300 4 am 0400 5 am 0500 6 am 0600
Military Time
7 am 0700 8 am 0800 9 am 0900 10 am 1000 11 am 1100 12 noon 1200 1 pm 1300 2 pm 1400 3 pm 1500
Military Time
4 pm 1600 5 pm 1700 6 pm 1800 7 pm 1900 8 pm 2000 9 pm 2100 10 pm 2200 11 pm 2300 12 midnight 2400 or 0000
Military Time
8:15 A.M. = 0815 or 08:15 11:32 P.M. = 2332 or 23:32
6:45 A.M. = 8:35 P.M. = 1:04 P.M. =
Military Time
b.i.d. twice a dayt.i.d. three times a dayq.i.d. four times a daymin. minuteh. or hr. hourqh every hourq2h every two hoursq3h every three hoursq4h every four hours
Frequent Symbols
q 6h every 6 hoursq 8h every 8 hoursq 12h every 12 hourNPO nothing by mouth
Change
Frequent Symbols
Multiplied by, magnification x Divide /
Equals =
Greater than > Less than <
Symbols
gtt droptab or T with dot tabletcap capsule susp suspension
supp suppository
Frequent Symbols
ac before mealpc after meal ad lib as desiredprn when necessarystat immediately, as soon
as possible
Frequent Symbols
IM IntramuscularIV IntravenousIVPB Intravenous Piggyback
Sub-Q SubcutaneousSL SublingualID IntradermalNG Nasogastric tubepo By mouth
Common Medical Abbre. Route
ADL’s---activities of daily living H&P-----history and physical WNL----within normal limits NKA-----no known allergies SOB-----short of breath LUQ-----left upper quadrant HOH-----hard of hearing CVA------cerebral vascular accident bpm------beats per minute
Common Medical Abbreviations
CBC---complete blood count LLE----left lower extremity BLE----bilateral lower extremity Right arm?-----
Common Medical Abbreviations
Abbreviation Intended PreferredU units “units”ug micrograms “mcg”QD every day “daily”QOD every other day every other day AS.AD.AU Left, right, both ears write left ear etc
OS, OD, OU left, right, both eyes write left eye etc.
JACHO – Joint commission on accreditation of Health Care Organizations
JACHO—Do Not Use Abbreviations
IU International unit “write”5.0 mg. Trailing zero No zero after decimal point write 5 mg.5 leading zero Always a zero before a decimal point, write 0.5 mgMS Morphine Sulfate “write”MS04 Morphine Sulfate “write”mGs04 Magnesium Sulfate “write”
JACHO—Do Not Use Abbreviations
H.S. (half strength or bedtime)—Must write out “half strength” or “at bedtime”
T.I.W. (three times a week)—Must write three times weekly
SC or SQ (subcutaneous)—Sub-Q or write out subcutaneous
D/C (discharge)—Must write discharge cc (unit of measurement)—Must write “ml”
for milliliters
JACHO—Do Not Use Abbreviations
> or < (greater than or less than)—Must write out “greater than” or “less than”
/ (do not use a slash mark to separate doses)—Must write out per
Example—5 mg/0.5ml Example—25 units/1 ml Approved example—5 mg per 0.5 ml Approved example—25 units per 1 ml
JACHO (Do Not Use Abbreviations)