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Think…Think…Think
• What is “stuff” made of?
• What are the smallest bits of things?
• If more than one kind of part makes up a thing, what are those parts?
Ancient cultures
- wet when you cut it so it must have water- grows from the ground so it has earth-makes smoke when it is burned so it must have air-can burn so it must contain fire
• Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space– Mass – the amount of matter in something– Volume – the amount of space something
occupies
• Which of the following is matter?– A car?– A box?– You?– heat?
Reviewing MATTER
States of Matter
• Matter can be in a solid, liquid, gas, plasma or Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) state.
• www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_states.html
• www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfP4lwdehuA
Let’s Do an Activity!!
•Stand Up!!• Link arms and make a rigid edge. What
state of matter are we exhibiting?
• Now, hold hands with the person beside you but move a little bit around the area. What state of matter are we exhibiting now?
Activity continued
• Finally, walk freely around the room. What state of matter are we exhibiting?
• Quietly make your way back to your seats!!
Physical Property
Physical property: a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
Examples of physical properties:
• luster
• malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet
• ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire
• melting point
• boiling point
• density
• solubility
• specific heat
Special Physical Properties
• Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure
water = 0oC
• Boiling point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure
water = 100oC
Special Physical Properties
• Density: the amount of mass per unit of volume (will be discussed in further detail later)
• Solubility: amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent
• Specific heat: amount of heat required to change a unit mass of a substance by one degree in temperature.
Chemical Properties
• Chemical property: a property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance
Examples of chemical properties:
•flammability
•ability to rust
•reactivity with vinegar
Density
• Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume.
• Density can be used to identify a substance.
• The density of water is 1.0g/mL
Density Examples
#1: A cube has a mass of 3.0 g and occupies a volume of 6.0 ml. Would this object float or sink in water?
Mass = 3.0 g Volume = 6.0 mL
D = 3g/6 mL= 0.5 g/mL
– This object would float in water because its density is less than water (1.0 g/mL).