Introduction to Matter& Classification

Matter can be defined as anything that has mass and takes up space.

All mattermatter has massmass and volumevolume.• VolumeVolume is the amount of space an object space an object

occupies.occupies.• MassMass is a measure of the amount ofamount of

matter in an object.matter in an object.

Basic Building Blocks of Matter

• The fundamental building blocks of matter are atoms and molecules

• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

• A compound is a substance that is made from the atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded

There are 2 ways you can classify matter.• Pure Substances• Mixtures

• Consist of elementselements and compoundscompounds.

• An elementelement is a pure substance made of only 1 kind of atomonly 1 kind of atom.

• CarbonCarbon, HydrogenHydrogen, and OxygenOxygen are all examples of individual individual elementselements.

• Each element specifically contains only 1 kind of atom.

**This makes each element a pure substance.

• A compoundcompound is a substance that is made of 2 different elements that are of 2 different elements that are chemically bondedchemically bonded.

• CompoundsCompounds consist of moleculesmolecules.• Ex} WaterWater is an example of a

compound. It is made of 2 elements, 2 elements, hydrogen and oxygenhydrogen and oxygen. The atoms of Hydrogen and Oxygen are chemically bonded to form a water moleculemolecule.

A mixturemixture is a blend of 2 or more kinds of 2 or more kinds of mattermatter, each of which retains its own retains its own identity and properties.identity and properties.

The can be classified as:• homogeneous • heterogeneous

Mixtures

Have a uniform compositionHave a uniform composition Meaning they have the same proportion of

components throughout or they are mixed mixed evenly.evenly.

Homogeneous mixtures are also known also known as as solutionssolutions..

Kool-Aid Soda

Are not uniform throughoutnot uniform throughout.. Meaning the particles are unevenly unevenly distributed.distributed.

Clay& Water Seeds

Suspension• large particles• particles settle• EX: fresh-squeezed

lemonade, oil and water

Colloid• Strong Tyndall effect• particles don’t settle• EX: Whip Cream, Butter,

Fog, Milk

Mixtures can be separated by physical means such as:

Sorting Filtering Boiling/Distillation Evaporation Melting Chromatography

Filtering- Oil

Sorting erasers

Paper Chromatography

Distillation Set-up