INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE

By ; Arvan Prima Tungga K2211

Hanova Priambada K2211 Paramiytha Wijayanti KD K2211

Reski Novitasari K2211072

SBI 2011 Eng.Edu.Dept

SONNET…

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1. Definition 2. Kinds and

Explanation3. How to Write

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1. Definition of Sonnete

From Italian word “Sonetto” means ;

Little Song or Little Sound

Content=Praise

someone or something

Consist of 14 lines , generally Iambic Pentameter.

Not all sonnets Iambic Pentameter !!

e.g. sonnet in Sir Philip Sidney's sequence Astrophel and Stella, for example, has 12 syllables and it is Iambic Hexameter, albeit with a turned first foot in several lines. In the Romance Language, the Hendeca syllable and Alexandrine are the most widely used meters.

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• Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet• English(Shakespearean)sonnet• Spenserian sonnet• Urdu Sonnet• Occitan sonnet• Modern sonnet

2. Kinds of SONNET…

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Called Petrarchan Why ??????

ITALIAN = THE ORIGINAL

The Italian sonnet was created by Giacomo da Lentini.

Guittoned’ Arezzo rediscovered it and brought it to

Tuscany in Neo-Sicilian School (1235–1294). He wrote

almost 250 sonnets.The most famous early sonneteer

was PETRARCA (known in English as Petrarch).

Generally Iambic Pentameter.

This the story

Check It Out !!!!

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First ; 8 lines OCTAVE (two quatrians)

"problem,desire or situation”

ABBAABBA

Second ; 6 lines SESTET (two tercets)

“resolution”CDECDE or CDCCDC

14 LINES

STR

UC

TU

RE

OF P

ETR

AR

CH

AN

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EXAMPLE OF PETRARCHA

When I consider how my light is spent (a) iambic pentameter

 Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide, (b)

 And that one talent which is death to hide, (b)

 Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent (a)

To serve therewith my Maker, and present (a)

 My true account, lest he returning chide; (b)

 "Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?" (b)

 I fondly ask; but Patience to prevent (a)

That murmur, soon replies, "God doth not need (c)

 Either man's work or his own gifts; who best (d)

 Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state (e)

Is Kingly. Thousands at his bidding speed (c)

 And post o'er land and ocean without rest; (d)

 They also serve who only stand and wait." (e)

On

His B

lind

ness B

y Milto

n

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English Sonnet start to be introduced in the

next two decades.We saw sonnet sequences by ;

William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, MichaelDrayton, Samuel Daniel, FulkeGreville, William Drummond of Hawthornden, and many others.

This literature is often attributed to the Elizabethan Age and known as Elizabethan sonnets. These sonnets were all essentially inspired by the Petrarchan tradition, and generally treat of the poet's love for some woman.

English(Shakespearean) Sonnete

Shakespearean or Elizabethan Structure

1st quatrain ABAB

Introduce subject

2nd quatrain CDCD

Develop theme

3rd quatrain

EFEF

Further

develop

theme

Couplet G

G

Conclu

sion

14 lines end-rhymed

a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g

e.g. of Shakespearean

Shall I compare thee to a summer day ?

Sonnet 18 By William Shakespeare

3 parts ;ReadingAnalysis Singing

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Spenserian sonnet

A variant on the English form is the Spenserian sonnet. Named

after Edmund Spenser (c.1552–1599). The rhyme scheme is, abab,

bcbc, cdcd, ee.

A Spenserian sonnet does not appear to require that the initial

octave set up a problem that the closing sestet answers, as with a

Petrarchan sonnet. Instead, the form is treated as three quatrains

connected by the interlocking rhyme scheme and followed by a couplet.

The linked rhymes of his quatrains suggest the linked rhymes of such

Italian forms as terzarima.

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One day I wrote her name upon the strand, A iambic pentameter

But came the waves and washed it away: B Again I wrote it with a second hand, ABut came the tide, and made my pains his prey. BVain man, said she, that doest in vain assay BA mortal thing so to immortalize, CFor I myself shall like to this decay, BAnd eek my name be wiped out likewise. CNot so (quoth I), let baser things devise CTo die in dust, but you shall live by fame:DMy verse your virtues rare shall eternize, CAnd in the heavens write your glorious name. DWhere whenas Death shall all the world subdue, E Out love shall live, and later life renew. E

arvan

OCCITA

N

SONNE

TIt was written by Paolo Lanfranchi da

Pistoia and is addressed Peter III if Paragon. The rhyme scheme “a-b-a-b, a-b-a-

b, c-d-c-d-c-d”. This poem is historically interesting for its information on north Italian perspectives concerning the War of The Sicilian Vespers, the conflict between the Angevins and Aragones for Sicily.

An Occitan sonnet, dated to 1321 and assigned to one "William of Almarichi", wich is found in Jean de Nostredame and Cited in

Giovanni Crescembeni, Storia Dellavolglar

Pesia. It congratulates Robert of Naples

on his victory .

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Valenz Senhier, reidels Aragones

a qi prezes honors tut iornenansa,

remembrevus, Senher, del Reifranzes

qevusvenc a vezer e laiset Fransa

   Ab dos sosfill zesabaqel d'Artes;

hanc no fescol pd'es pazani de lansa

e main zbaros menet de lurpaes:

jorn de lurvida said n'auranmenbransa.

   Nostre Senhier faccia a vuscompagna

per qe en ren no vusqal[la] duptar;

Talsquidah omqeperda qega zaingna.

   Seigneres de la terra e de la mar,

per qe lo ReiEngles e seld'Espangna

nevarranmais, si.ls vorresaiudar.

   Valiant Lord, king of the Aragonese

to whom honour grows every day closer,

remember, Lord, the French king

that has come to find you and has left France

 With his two sons and that one of Artois

but they have not dealt a blow with sword or 

lance

and many barons have left their country:

but a day will come when they will have some to 

remember.

 Our Lord make yourself a company

in order that you might fear nothing;

that one who would appear to lose might win.

   Lord of the land and the sea,

as whom the king of England and that of Spain

are not worth as much, if you wish to help them.

URDU poets also influenced by English and other European poets took to writing sonnets in Urdu language rather late. Azmatullah Khan (1887-1923) is believed to have introduced this format to Urdu Literature in the very early part of 20th century.

The sonnet rhyme-scheme is also influenced by Eng Sonnet so will be ended with the rhymed a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g.

URDU SONNET

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ڈبکںی  پسپردہکسینےمیرےارمانوںکیمحفلکو،

کچھایسےطورسےدیکھا، کچھاساندازسےدیکھا،آاینہدلکو، آاہسےدےکرجلا غبار

غورسےدیکھا ہراکصورتکومیںنےخوبدیکھا،مجھےجسکیتمناتھی ، آائینہوہصورت نظر

بستیمیں ویرانےمیں، بہتڈھونڈاکیاگلشنمیں،ماہسےدنراتدنیاتھی و ّننورشمعمہر م

مگرچاروںطرفتھاگھپاندھیرامیریہستیمیںدلمجبورکومجروحالفتکردیاکسنےمرےاحساسکیگہرایوںمیںہےچبھنغمکی

میریروحکواپنالیاکسنے مٹاکرجسم،آاماجگہصدماتپیہمکی جوانیبنگئی

بھیجا آا حجاباتنظرکاسلسلہتوڈاورمجھےاکباراپناجلوہرنگیںدکھابھیجا

Sonnet 'Dubkani' ڈبکںی by Zia Fatehabadi

book titled MeriTasveer

" Dubkani "Pas e pardaakisii ne mere armaanonkiimehfilko (a)Kuchh is andaaz se dekhaa, kuchhaisetaur se dekhaa (b)Ghubaar e aah se de karjilaaaainaa e dilko (a)Hariksooratkomainekhoobdekhaa, ghaur se dekhaa (b)Nazaraaiinawohsoorat, mujhejiskiitamanaathii (c)Bahutdhoondaakiyaagulshanmein, veeraanemein, bastiimein (d)Munnawarshamma e mehar o maah se din raatduniyaathii (c)Magarchaarontarafthaaghupandheraameriihastiimein (d)Dil e majboorkomajrooh e ulfatkardiyaakisne (e)Mere ahsaaskiighahraiionmeinhaichubhanghamkii (f)Mitaakarjism, meriiroohkoapnaaliyaakisne (e)Jawanii ban gaiiaamaajagaahsadmaat e paihamkii (f)Hijaabaat e nazarkaasisilaatodauraabhiijaa (g)Mujheikbaarapnaajalwaa e rangiindikhaabhiijaa. (g)

MODERN SONNET …

MODERN SONNET

With the advent of free verse, the sonnet was seen as somewhat old-fashioned and fell out of

use for a time among some schools of poets . However, a number of modern poets, including Wilfred Owen, John Berryman, George

Meredith, Edwin Morgan, Robert Frost, Rupert Brooke, George Sterling, Edna

St. Vincent Millay, and Seamus Heaney continued to use the form.

The advent of the New Formalism movement in the United States has also contributed to contemporary interest in the sonnet. The sonnet sees its revival with the word sonnet. Concise and visual in effect, word sonnets are fourteen line poems, with one word per line. Frequently allusive and imagistic, they can also be irreverent and playful.

EXAMPLE OF MODERN SONNET

I Carry Your Heart With Me

By Edward E Comings

Video

How to write ? ? ? Understand the basic rules of a sonnet ;

consist of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, the rhymes arranged according to one of certain definite kind.

Learn the basic definitions about ;a. Iambic foot ; Stressed and Unstressed

e.g. toDAY,mySELF b. Pentameter ; repeat the iambic foot in Five times

e.g. toDAY he KNOWS he’ll FIND my OTHer SHOE c. Quatrain: Four lines of a stanza or poem. d. Sestet: Six lines of a stanza or poem. e. Octave: Eight lines of a stanza or poem. f. Couplet: Two consecutive lines that must rhyme

Use iambic pentameter consistently throughout each line

Keep writing and stay flexible in your attempts

HAPPY WRITING