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Lecturer:
LinuxDays FS17
Simon Farner FS17, v1
Introduction to
Linux
The Alternative
● Digital Sustainability● LinuxDays● Linux User Group● http://www.thealternative.ch● Flyers
Overview
● What is Linux
● Reasons to switch
● Linux Distributions
● Package Manager
● Install Linux
● Where to go now?
● Q&A, hands-on
Applications
[2]
[1] [3]
[4]
[5]
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Lecturer:
If computers were cars
If PCs were cars
Image sources:Apple: http://listas.20minutos.es/lista/cual-esta-mejor-dibujado-342339/Microsoft: http://www.luigikeynes.com/posts/3615/microsoft-busca-incorporar-a-kinect-y-a-windows-en.html
If PCs were cars
● Linux Kernel (≃ engine)
● Linux-based operating systems (≃ car)
[23]
Licensing: Who owns the rights to Linux?
● Linux is Free Software.● Licensed under GNU GPL v2● GNU/GPL Software ● Other Licenses (e.g BSD)● Proprietary:
– Binary Blobs
– Third Party Applications
[10]
Who built Linux?
Linus Torvalds [11]
Richard M. Stallman [12]
Lennart Poettering [13] Greg Kroah-Hartman [14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[20][19]
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Greg Kroah-Hartman [22]
The Community
[18] (figarative)
Lecturer:
Why should I switch?
Why should I switch
GNU/Linux
PowerfulConsistent
Secure
Cost efficient
Support
User respecting
CustomiseableVersatile
Lecturer:
Powerful
The Console
● Interactive● Scripting & Automation● Portable● Precise and concise● Shell all the things:
– Git, Browser, Editing, IDE, Audio, Video, Games, Mail, Configuration, Management, Files
Graphical Applications
● LibreOffice, Calligra● Firefox, Vivaldi● Eclipse, Unity Editor, NetBeans● Qcad, Eagle● GIMP, Krita, Blender, Inkscape● Thunderbird, Kmail● Telegram, Signal, Skype, IRC● VLC, Kodi, Plex● KeePass, LastPass, GPG● And many more …
[37]
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Lecturer:
Secure
Secure
● Open Source● Diverse, distributed and independent● No single pressure point● Frequent, system wide Updates● Trustworthy Repositories● Doesn’t spy on you● Low amount of malware● Containers and separation of concern● Encryption and privacy built-in
[24] [25]
[26] [27]
Lecturer:
Customisable and Versatile
If I could just change the …
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Desktop Environment (DE): KDE
Desktop Environment (DE): GNOME
https://afaikblog.wordpress.com/2011/02/15/gnome-3-getting-better-by-the-day/
Desktop Environment (DE): XFCE
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfce
Most DEs are highly customizable
Customized XFCEhttp://img.bhs4.com/92/9/9299622D33DB68286299DC83957E5981598F0722_lis.jpg
Default XFCEhttp://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/xfce-1-620x387.jpg
Most DEs are highly customizable
Customized KDEhttp://jmtodaro.com/img/shots/kde-ghost.jpg
Default OpenSUSE KDE
Versatile
● Same system and tools on:– Embedded devices
– Industrial Equipment
– Robotics
– Mini Computers
– Desktops
– Servers & Clouds
– Super Computers
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Lecturer:
Cost and Support
Cost
● Free of cost & low technical dept
● Commercial Support
● Low resource requirements
● Recycle old hardware
● Attractive for:
– Education & Research
– Government
– Consumers
– Start-Up
– None profit & charity
– Cloud
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Support
xinyustudio.files.wordpress.com
www.neat.com
● No useful information provided
icomputerdenver.com
Support
● expensive support:
macrumors.com
Meaningless error messages
E: dpkg was interrupted,you must manually run'dpkg --configure -a'to correct the problem.
sandro@linux-pmcq:~>
● I'd prefer to see something like this:
sandro@linux-gttg:~> chromiumIf 'chromium' is not a typo you can usecommand-not-found to lookup the packagethat contains it, like this: cnf chromium
sandro@linux-gttg:~> cnf chromium The program 'chromium' can be foundin following packages:[...]
Try installing with: sudo zypper install chromium
Broken Package Manager under Ubuntu: Program not installed under OpenSUSE:
Where to get Linux Support
● Distribution driven:– Forums
– Mailing Lists (and Bug Trackers)
– Wikis
– IRC chat rooms
● Project Driven– Git-Hub
● Community driven– Blogs, Reddit
– StackExchange: SuperUser, Unix & Linux, (Server Fault), Software Recommendations
– User Groups: TheAlternative, your local Linux User Group (LUG)
– Fandom/Wikia
● Arch / Ubuntu Wiki, LinuxQuestions.org
Arch Linux is said to have the best Wiki
wiki.archlinux.org
A community that actually cares
● Use Forums to ask questions:
bbs.archlinux.org
10' later
Lecturer:
User respecting
Forget setups
● package manager
● software centers
● no spy-ware / ad-ware
● Trusted and secure repos
heise.de
media.askvg.com
malwaretips.com[35]
OS restricting your rights
cdn.osxdaily.com
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[36]
Licensing issues
● Most distros are made from Free Software● Just download and install
onebitzero.com
forums.macrumors.com
Lecturer:
Distributions
Linux Distributions
● Linux is just a kernel● Distros are software bundles that make it be an OS
http://www.futura-sciences.com/magazines/high-tech/infos/actu/d/pc-bref-linux-41-ameliore-autonomie-pc-portables-puce-intel-58236/
Linux Distributions
http://unimauro.blogspot.ch/2010/02/lineas-de-tiempo.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Debian_family_tree_11-06.png
The Package Manager
● Official repository● Community Projects (Packman, ...)● Personal repositories (home:...)
Software sources(managed by package manager)
● Centralized
● Fast & easy
● Secure
● No junkware
The Package Manager in action
● Installing / removing software● Updating all programs and apps with one click
Ubuntu release cycle
● E.g. Ubuntu 16.04 LTS● Each minor release (e.g. 14.10, 15.04, 15.10) is supported
for 9 months, with 6 months between releases● Each major release (14.04, 16.06) is LTS (Long Term
Support): supported for 5 years with a new release every 2 years in April / May
assets.ubuntu.com
openSUSE release cycle
● E.g. openSUSE Leap 42.1● Each minor release (“.1”) is supported for 18
months, with 12 months between releases● Each major release (“42”) is supported for at least
36 months (until a few months after the next major release) with a new release about every three years
● 64 bit only
Lecturer:
Install Linux
Tux won't break your existing OS
http://geektrio.net/?p=6075
Installation
● Install Linux alongside Windows or Mac OS X● Choose your OS at every startup
All to the right: http://ngonoo.com/2012/04/023426/mengaktifkan-windows-7-install-disk-di-os-x/
Seeing your other OS from within Linux
● Looks like data on a USB key● Can manipulate Windows data freely (!)● Systems are completely independent
– There will never be both systemsrunning at the same time
– No speed impact
– If one system breaks, it will not affect the other one
https://openclipart.org/detail/68077/diagramma-a-torta
Lecturer:
What next?
Where to go now?
● To get Linux installed → Install Events● To learn to use the console → Toolkit Course● To get help with your system → Stammtische
Install events FS15
Next events● Wanna install Linux on your laptop?
– Pick one of our install events:● Event 1: 23.03.17 | 17:30-00:00 | ETH Alumni Pavillon
● Event 2: 24.03.17 | 17:30-00:00 |ETH Alumni Pavillon
– Do a backup before and bring a charger!!!
● Acquire your skills and learn practical applications● The Linux Toolkit: 29.03.17 | 17:15-19:00 | ETH HG E 3
● Power of Linux: 30.03.17 | 17:15-19:00 | ETH HG F 3
● Linux Q&A: 31.03.17 | 17:15-19:15 | ETH
● Get advanced knowledge● Bash Workshop: 03.04.17 | 17:15-19:00 | ETH HG D 5.2
● alternative date : 04.04.17 | 17:15-19:00 | ETH HG D 5.2
● Private Mail with GPG: 06.04.17 | 17:15-19:15 | ETH HG D 1.2
● Distributing Scientific FOSS: 11.04.17 | 17:15-19:00 | UZH KOL G 217
Stammtische
● Informal get-togethers● Talk, enjoy a drink and have fun● Tell us your questions / problems and get help● Takes place every 2 weeks (check out our calendar)
Stammtisch at Thirstday Beer FS15
Q&A
● Try out our demo computers in this room right now● Help us getting better by filling out feedback form
http://www.superpoop.com/index.php?date=082808
linux.thealternative.ch
Sources● [1] DeLaval, 2017,Das DeLaval VMS im Detail. In http://www.delaval.ch/-/Produkte-und-Systeme/Melken/Systeme/Automatic/DeLaval-VMS-in-detail/ .
Access on 3/12/17
● [2] Crock-Pot, 2017, Crock-Pot . In http://www.crock-pot.com/dw/image/v2/AAMB_PRD/on/demandware.static/-/Sites-master-catalog/default/dw56ab147f/images/highres/SCCPWM600-V1-1.jpg?sw=500&sh=500&sm=fit . Accessed on 3/12/17
● [3] Wikipedia, 2017, TI-Nspire series. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI-Nspire_series#/media/File:TI-nspire_CX_CAS.jpg . Accessed on 3/12/17
● [4] Wikipedia, 2017, Android (operating system). https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Android_robot_2014.svg/409px-Android_robot_2014.svg.png . Accessed on 3/12/17
● [5] ZVV, 2017, Ticket machines. http://www.zvv.ch/zvv-assets/abos-und-tickets/ticketautomat/ticketautomat_01.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/cq5dam.web.2184.1440.jpeg . Accessed on 3/12/17
● [6] Wikipedia, 2017, Google, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google#/media/File:Google_2015_logo.svg . Accessed on 3/12/17
● [7] 20Minuten, 2012, ¿Cual esta mejor dibujado? . http://listas.20minutos.es/lista/cual-esta-mejor-dibujado-342339/ .Accessed on 3/12/17
● [8 ] Luigikeynes, 2012, Microsoft busca incorporar a Kinect y a Windows en los autos. http://www.luigikeynes.com/posts/3615/microsoft-busca-incorporar-a-kinect-y-a-windows-en.html . Accessed on 3/12/17
● [9]
● [10] Free Software Foundation, Inc. , 2012, The Dynamic Duo: The Gnu and the Penguin in flight. https://www.gnu.org/graphics/bwcartoon.html#content . Accessed on 3/12/17
Sources● [11] Wikipedia, 2002, Linus Torvalds. In https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds. Accessed on 3/13/17
● [12] Wikipedia, 2012, Richard Stallman. In https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman . Accessed on 3/13/17
● [13] Wikipedia, 2012, Lennart Poettering. In https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lennart_poettering.jpg . Accessed on 3/13/17
● [14] Wikipedia, 2011, Greg-Kroah-Hartman, In https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Kroah-Hartman. Accessed on 3/13/17
● [15] Wikipedia, 2017, RedHat. In https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/RedHat.svg/320px-RedHat.svg.png. Accessed on 3/13/17
● [16] Wikipedia, 2007, Canonical (company) . In https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canonical_logo.svg . Accessed on3/13/17
● [17] Wikipedia, 2013, SUSE, In https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUSE#/media/File:Suse_logo_w-tag_color.png . Accessed on 3/13/17
● [18] Good Star, 2012, About Us, http://www.goodstars.org/about-us.html .
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● [29] Daily Mail, 2016, China develops new supercomputer that is 10 TIMES faster than the current quickest machine in the world . http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3897966/China-develops-new-supercomputer-10-TIMES-faster-current-quickest-machine-world.html?amp& . Accessed on 3/15/17
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