Introduction to Japan’sIntroduction to Japan s

“Smart Community”Smart Community

Tatsuya Shinkawa

Chief RepresentativeRepresentative Office in Washington, DC

New Energy and Industrial TechnologyDevelopment Organization (NEDO), Japan

shinkawatty@nedo.go.jp

What is NEDO?What is NEDO?

•Japan’s public R&D management Organization

•Promoting R&D in the industrial, energy and environmental technologies.

•Established on October 1, 1980,

•Chairman: Mr. Seiji Murata

•Personnel: About 1 000•Personnel: About 1,000

•Budget: Approximately $2.4B

1

Japan’s Electricity System OutlineJapan’s Electricity System Outline

•10 Vertical Integrated Power Company and PPSs– The market for high voltage customers (over 50kW) was deregulated.

• Frequency

–West: 60Hz

–East: 50Hz• Hokkaido(peak demand: about 5.7 GW) is connected by DC line.

•Voltageg– Main grid: mainly 500kV (Some of them designed for 1,000kV)

– Distribution line: mainly 6 6kV

2

Distribution line: mainly 6.6kV

– Household: 100V/200V

Japan’s Current Electricity System 1Japan’s Current Electricity System 1

Generation

• Japan’s total generation capacity is 276 GW(2007)

300

Japan’s Total Capacity

GW(2007).

US Russia UK Germany Canada

1 087 GW 224 GW 83 GW 115 GW 124 GW

250

1,087 GW 224 GW 83 GW 115 GW 124 GW

France Italy Sweden China Japan 150

200

GW

•World 3rd largest in total capacity!

115 GW 94 GW 34 GW 624 GW 276 GW

100

•World 3 largest in total capacity!

• Japan experienced the sky –rocketing electricity demand growth from the 

50

3

1960s to 1990s. 01935

1945

1955

1965

1975

1985

1995

2005

2008

Japan’s Current Electricity System 2Japan’s Current Electricity System 2

The system is not only large. Japan has worked to meet “3E” ‐‐Energy Security , Economy and Environment.

Strives to achieve the “Best Mix”

%

Utilities Generation Structure Trend in Japan[584 0][414 0] [901 8] [991 5][163 0]

[GWh]

5 22

4 10 15 25

42 19 14 11 8

80%

100% [584.0][414.0] [901.8] [991.5]

[249.9]

[163.0]

[77.7]

66

2813

5 22 24

28

26

60%Renewable

Hydro

Coal[280.3]

27

37

2631

3

12

20%

40% LNG

Oil

Nuclear[258.1]

[118.4]

4

60%

1965fy 1975fy 1985fy 1998fy 2008fy

[ ]

Transmission and Distribution

Japan’s Current Electricity System 3Japan’s Current Electricity System 3Transmission and Distribution

World‐class performance ‐‐ High Efficiency and High Reliability

Loss in Transmission and Distribution（ ）

Average Outage Time for each customerminuets/(customer x year)

9

10（％）

250

300minuets/(customer x year)

8 USA

UK

200

France

Germany

UK

USA

7

UK

Germany

Canada

France

l

150Japan

Korea

Italy

Spain

5

6 Italy

Japan

50

100 Spain

Sweden

Austrarila

OECD Average

5

4

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Transmission and Distribution

Japan’s Current Electricity System 4Japan’s Current Electricity System 4Transmission and Distribution

Average Outage Time was 701 min in 1966 It was improved to aboutin 1966. It was improved to about 10 min in 2008.

6

Next Step for Japan 1Next Step for Japan 1

• In August 2009, then Prime Minister Aso announced a 15% reduction target for GHG from 2005 to 2020.

PV installed to 28GW in 2020(About 20 times higher than 2005) The former goal was– PV installed to 28GW in 2020(About 20 times higher than 2005). The former goal was 14GW in 2020 (About 10 times higher than 2005).

About 20 times higher than in 2005

For residential use: About 5.3 million houses28 GW (7 million kl)

14 GW (3.5 million kl) Technological Development  of the system is necessary

About 10 times higher than in 2005

Houses:

Houses: about 70%

Non‐houses: about 30%1.4 GW (350,000 kl)

Re start of subsidy for

Doubling Start in buyback system

For residential use: About  320,000 houses

720202005

Houses: About 80%

Non‐houses: About 20%

Re‐start of subsidy for residential  photovoltaic generation

Next Step for Japan 2Next Step for Japan 2

S b 2009 h i i i d• In September 2009,  then Prime Minister Hatoyama announced a  25% reduction target for GHG from 1990 to 2030 (depending on widespread global acceptance). p g p

• In June 2010, the Strategic Energy Plan in Japan was revised.– Targets for 2030

( ) D bl h lf ffi i i i l d h lf(a) Double the energy self‐sufficiency ratio in energy supply and the self‐developed fossil fuel supply ratio, and as a result raise the energy independence ratio from current 38% to about 70%

(b) R i th i i t f t 34% t(b) Raise the zero‐emission power source percentage from current 34% to about 70%

(c) Cut by half the CO2 emissions from the residential sector

(d) Maintain and enhance energy efficiency in the industrial sector at the highest level in the world. 

(e) Maintain or obtain a large share of global markets for energy‐related 

8

products and systems

Next Step for Japan 3Next Step for Japan 3

•Reference estimation of the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan– Zero emission power sources will become approx. 70% (34% currently).

300

350

Breakdown of Generation Capacity(GW)

Total 317.98

1200

Breakdown of Generated Electricity(TWh)

Total 1030.5 Total 1019.9

200

250

300

Renewable energy,etc

Renewable energy,etc

120.25Total 241.61 Aprrox. 40%

800

1000

Nuclear power263.8(26%)

Renewable energy,etc 88.4(9%) Renewable energy,

etc 214.0Aprrox. 20%

Zero emission

Zero emission power source 34%

100

150

200

LNG57 61(24%)

Nuclear power49.47(20%)

etc50.14(21%)

LNG

Nuclear power68.06

Aprrox. 20%

Aprrox 20%400

600 LNG282.2(28%)

Nuclear power536.6 Aprrox. 50%

Zero emission power source approx. 70%

0

50

100

Petroleum, etc46.92(19%)

Coal37.47(16%)

57.61(24%)

Petroleum, etc43.00

Coal35.02

51.65 Aprrox. 20%

Aprrox. 10%

Aprrox. 10%

0

200

Petroleum, etc135.6(13%)

Coal260.5(25%)

Petroleum, etcCoal113 1

LNG135.7

Aprrox. 10%

Aprrox. 10%

9

0

Fical 2007 In 2030

43.00 0

Fical 2007 In 2030

Petroleum, etc20.5

113.1

Renewable Energy Promotion PolicyRenewable Energy Promotion Policy

•Buyback program was started in 1992. (at 24‐25 yen/kWh)–Only for excess electricity from renewable.

•National RPS was started in 2003.

•Subsidy for residential PV was re‐started in 2009. (70,000 yen/kW)(70,000 yen/kW)

•Buyback program was doubled in November 2009 (48 yen/kWh)yen/kWh).

•Extension of the buyback program to all renewable l t i it i d id ti t METI

10

electricity is under consideration at METI.

Challenge of a “Smart Community”Challenge of a “Smart Community”T• Improve the quality of life both in Japan and world‐wide• Establish a new social system to reduce CO2 emissions through large‐

Targets

y 2 g gamounts of renewables and highly efficient energy usage.

Challenges

• Improve electric grid performance for the large amounts of renewables• Enhance communications between power suppliersE t bli h i t d t i d d id d• Establish services to respond to various demand‐side needs

• The key solution: Smart Grid Technologies.Wh t bli h d th “S t C it ” h ld f ilit t th• When established, the “Smart Community” should facilitate the effective use of electricity and heat energy. 

11

Smart Community of the Future Smart Community of the Future 

• “Smart community” is a key to realizing a new social system world‐wide.

• It include not only electricity supply system, but also gas supply system, transportation system, water supply system, hot‐water supply system, etc.

• The benefits of the development of “Smart community” are: Introduce large‐amounts of renewable energy Introduce large‐amounts of renewable energy Facilitate greater energy conservation and improve life 

conveniences E t bli h li bl i f ti t k Establish more reliable information networks Dissemination of EVs Creation of jobs and new servicesj

12

Concepts of Smart CommunityConcepts of Smart CommunityMain Grid

Mega Solar Construct an energy system which is mutually beneficial for main grid

operator and regional energy management provider. Connect BEMS with

regional EMS.Zero Emission Buildings

Wind Power

Na-S Battery

Energy Management SystemGEGE

Storage Battery

y

Enable better use of heat in addition to electricity. Regional Energy Information Network

Cogeneration

Biogasg gy

Management ProviderGEGE

Information Network

Solar PowerWind Power

Solar Power EVs and PHEVsWasted Heat

Smart Meter:Visualization of home energy useNew-generation

Gas Station

Smart HouseHome Storage BatteryUtilize IT for

peak cuts.Construct charging

stations for EVs.

home energy use and demand

control

13

Japan Smart Community AllianceJapan Smart Community AllianceTh J S t C it Alli (JSCA) i bli i t i ti• The Japan Smart Community Alliance (JSCA) is a public-private organizationfounded in April 2010. There were 504 members of JSCA as of Nov. 2010.

• Development of planning roadmaps• Contribution to international standardization and intentional development• Contribution to international standardization and intentional development• Strengthening public-private collaboration

Utilities Developers

InstitutionsManufacturers

Developers

InstitutionsManufacturers

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Japan’s NextJapan’s Next‐‐generation Energy Society Goal for 2030generation Energy Society Goal for 2030

● Smart life with high QOL● Smart life with high QOL• PV• HEMS• Remote control of home electrical appliances• Security, fire prevention and fault detection systems• QOL enhancement services

● Enjoy nature, even in the cities

• Utilization of renewable energy• ZEB• HP water heaters

Homes

Offices

• QOL enhancement services• Solar heat collector• Local area combined heat and power system• Utilization of waste heat from waste incineration plants

• EV• Comfortable office space with naturallight and controlled HVAC• Plant factory in a building• Waste utilization

● Modal Shift

• LRTEV h i

● Industrial zones as power production areas

• Large‐scale PV on roofs of factories and tanks• Utilization of waste heat by HP technologiesTransportation

Industry

• EV sharing• Rail cars with batteries• Electricity‐assisted wheelchairs• Modal shift by EV, PHEV, FCV

• Utilization of waste heat by HP technologies• Heat and power transmission to cities

15Source: The 8th Conference on Next-generation Energy and Social System

W kk i it

Verification of Grid Stabilization with LargeVerification of Grid Stabilization with Large‐‐scale PV Power Generation Systems scale PV Power Generation Systems ((FY2006 FY2006 ‐‐ FY2010FY2010) ) 

Wakkanai site

Tokyoy

Hokuto siteWakkanai site 5 MW: Most PV cells are crystalline.NaS battery: 1500 kW‐7.2hrs

Hokuto site 1.8 MW: 27 types of PVs

Technology development to reduce voltage fluctuation with battery

16

yDevelopment of a new inverter suitable for mega‐solar plant

Testing various types of PV modules

Demonstrative Project on GridDemonstrative Project on Grid‐‐interconnection of interconnection of Clustered Clustered PV Power Generation PV Power Generation Systems (Systems (FY2002 FY2002 ‐‐ FY2007FY2007) ) 

Ota City Demonstration SiteN b f PV i d h 553 Development of a new inverter to detect islanding Number of PV‐equipped houses: 553Total PV capacity: 2,129 kWAverage capacity per house: 3.85 kW

17

Development of a new inverter to detect islanding Development of battery storage operation and network voltage control

Development of simulation technologies

Yokohama City

LargeLarge‐‐scale Demonstration Projects in Japanscale Demonstration Projects in JapanYokohama City

(Yokohama City, Toshiba, Panasonic, Meidensha, 

Nissan, Accenture, others)CO2 emissions:

Kyoto Keihanna District(Kyoto Prefecture, Kansai Electric Power, Osaka Gas Kansai 

Science City, Kyoto University)CO2 i i R id i l 20%▼ CO2 emissions: 

30%▼ by 2025 (from 2004）

Energy management system that integrates HEMS, BEMS, EV

PV(27,000 kW)

CO2 emissions: Residential: 20%▼Transportation: 30%▼ (from 2005)

Install PV on 1,000 homes, EV car‐sharing system Management of grid connected PV and fuel cells in houses 

and buildings (visualization of demand) ( , ) Use of heat and unused energy 4,000 smart houses, 2,000 EVs

and buildings (visualization of demand) Grant  “Kyoto eco‐points” for green energy usage               

Toyota City(Toyota City. Toyota Motor, Chubu Electric Power, Toho Gas, Toshiba, Mitsubishi HeavyPower, Toho Gas, Toshiba, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Denso, Sharp, Fujitsu, Dream 

Incubator, etc.)CO2 emissions: Residential 20%▼

Transportation: 40%▼

Kitakyushu City(Kitakyushu City, Fuji Electric Systems, GE, IBM, Nippon Steel)

CO2 emissions: 50%▼ (from 2005)

18

Use of heat and unused energy in addition toelectricity

Demand response at more than 70 homes3,100 EV, V to H and V to G 

Real‐time management of 70 companies and 200 houses Energy management using HEMS, BEMS Energy system that coordinates demand side management  

with overall power system

Research will be carried out at five sites in the State of New Mexico

Outline of JapanOutline of Japan--New Mexico Smart Grid DemonstrationNew Mexico Smart Grid Demonstration

Research will be carried out at five sites in the State of New Mexico. NEDO will participate in research in Los Alamos and Albuquerque as well as collective research on the overall project.

19

NEDO’s International NEDO’s International ProjectsProjects December 2010 NEDO

＜Spain＞① CDTI(Smart Grids, EV)

＜China＞① Gongqing Cheng <NDRC,

National Energy Administration

＜USA＞① NM(Smart Grid)② Hawaii・Okinawa(ZEB, Smart

Grids)

＜EC＞① DGR(PV)

＜France＞① ADEME(Smart Grids, ZEB)② OSEO(Green Chemistry etc)

＜Germany＞① BMU BMWi(Smart Grids

National Energy Administration, Jiangxi>(Smart Grids)

② Beijing< National Energy Administration, The Chinese Academy of Sciences >(Smart Grids)

③ Shanghai< The Chinese Academy of Sciences >(ZEB)

Grids)③ NY (ZEB etc)④ National Laboratory(Energy

Conservation Buildings, Battery, Fuel Cells etc)

＜England＞① DECC (Smart

Grids)

United StatesChina

① BMU, BMWi(Smart Grids, EV)

② BMBF(Battery)③ NOW(Fuel Cells)＜Swiss＞① OPET(Industrial

technologies)

Europeof Sciences >(ZEB)

④ Beijing<NDRC>(ITS)

India

Middle East, North Africa＜Myanmar＞① Min. of Agriculture and Irrigation (rice husk)

＜Worldwide＞① World Bank(Cooperation

projects)

＜Tunisia＞① Min. of Industry &

Technology(Solar energy) ＜Thailand＞

① Min. of Industry(Pinch Technology, Eco-town)

Southeast Asia＜Turkey＞① Min. of Energy &

Natural R (ZEB i i ＜Vietnam＞

＜Cambodia＞① Min. of Industry, Mines, &

Energy(Agriculture recourses)

Australia

＜UAE＞ ＜Singapore＞＜Australia＞① QLD state (Water)

＜Malaysia＞① Min. of Energy, Green Technology, &

Water(Smart Grids)

Resources(ZEB, mini hydro etc)

＜Vietnam＞① MONRE(Waste)② MOIT(Smart Industrial Park)＜ Morocco ＞

① Min. of Energy, Mines, Water & Environment

(Solar energy)

＜Saudi Arabia ＞① Ministry of

Commerce and Industry(Water)

＜UAE＞① Ras al-Khaimah (Water)② MASDAR(Solar cooling)

＜India＞① DMIC(Solar power, Smart Grids)

＜Worldwide＞① IRENA(Enforcement of Asian

function, Cooperation projects)

g p① NRF,EDB(ZEB, Smart Grids, Water, Cooperation

in Third Countries)＜Indonesia＞① Min. of Energy & Mineral Resources(Smart

Industrial Park)

① QLD state (Water)

Example: Collaboration in IndiaExample: Collaboration in IndiaAdvanced Micro‐grid System Cooperating with aAdvanced Micro grid System Cooperating with a

High Performance Solar Power Plant in an Industrial Park

21

ConclusionConclusion

Japan had already achieved an advanced electricity gird Japan had already achieved an advanced electricity gird. 

Based on this advanced electricity grid, Japan would like to introduce the  large‐amounts of renewables and establish the “Smart Community”.

It is important to further develop and demonstrate smart community‐It is important to further develop and demonstrate smart communityrelated technologies in a real environment. Public‐private sector cooperation across various industries is necessary to establish smart communities. 

Japan is pleased to share our experience. To realize smart communities around the world it is crucial to facilitate international deploymentaround the world, it is crucial to facilitate international deployment activities and strengthen collaboration with overseas organizations.

22

Thank you ! http://www.nedo.go.jp/