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Introduction to Green IT
February 11, 2010Bellevue Community College Seminar
Agenda
Problem/BackgroundWhat is Green IT?
• Energy Efficient IT Architecture• Advanced Power and Cooling• Integration with Building and Landscape Architecture• Using IT to enhance environmental education and responsibility• Using IT to save energy
Green IT Alliance Projects• Thin-Client Computer Lab• Grid Computer Project• Solar/Wind Projects• Ornamental Cooling Pond/Living Roof• Interpretive Walk
1 large, 100,000 sq ft Datacenter30MW Power Consumption
• Equivalent Power Consumption of 60,000 individuals• Equivalent CO2 Output of 6,700 Households or 23,000 cars
• Annual Power Bill~$5.3M @ $0.02/kWhr (Quincy)
~$12.7M @ $0.05/kWhr (Eastern Washington)
~$22.3M @ $0.09/kWhr (National Average)
~$31.8M @ $0.12/kWhr (Green Power Average)
Wild Horse Wind Farm, ~ 230MW Peak, 100 MW average ~8,600 Acre Range, 167 Acre Turbine Area, $380 Million Investment
Solar @ $6/Watt, 30MW with Eastern Washington insolation ~ 300 Acres of Panel Area, $1.1B investment!
Data Center Problem
Background
Washington State Governor’s Agenda Priorities supportive
of Clean Technology Initiatives and Job Growth
I-937, LEED for Gov Bldgs, Bio-Diesel Initiatives, etc.
National Recognition of Huge Problem associated with
Energy Demands for Power/Cooling of IT Infrastructure
Fastest Growing Segment of Energy Demand
Green Building/Sustainable Architecture is a Major National
Thrust
Very Little Effort to Address IT Infrastructure
Ground Floor Opportunity Exists to Take a Leadership
Position in Integrating Green IT Technologies into Green
Building Practices
Pullman IPZ
Pullman IPZ Strategy is to Focus on collaborative projects in the following areas
• Green IT
• Clean Technology
• Alternative Energy
• Sustainable Architecture
Execute High Profile Projects that Create Future Economic Opportunity
• Foster Innovation and Collaboration among the IPZ Partners
• Prioritize based upon Future Business Growth Potential
Technical Emphasis Areas
Energy Efficient IT Hardware/Software/ Network Architecture Virtualization/Grid Computing/Thin Client
Power and Cooling Infrastructure SprayCool/DC Distribution/Power Aware
Integration into Building/landscape Architecture Modular Data Centers, Cooling Pond/Radiant
Floor Heat/Green Power
Projects
IT Architecture Thin Client/Virtualization Training Lab Workgroup Cluster Energy Productivity
Advanced Power and Cooling Renewable Energy Powered IT
• Solar Project• Wind Project
Server Power and Cooling• Liquid Cooling/Waste Heat Re-Use• DC Distribution
Integration with Bldg and Landscape Architecture Ornamental Cooling Ponds Living Roofs Interpretive Walk/Wetland Restoration
8
Problem Statement
Why Data Centers? Highly energy-intensive and rapidly growing
Consume 10 to 100 times more energy per square foot than a typical office building
Large potential impact on electricity supplyand distribution
Used about 45 billion kWhin 2005
At current rates, powerrequirements could doublein 5 years.
9
Lack of efficiency definitions for equipment and data centers (Being addressed by www.thegreengrid.org)
Service output difficult to measure, varies among applications
Need for metrics and more data:
How do we account for computing performance?
Split incentives Disconnect between IT and facilities managers
Risk aversion Fear of change and potential downtime; energy efficiency perceived as
a change with uncertain value and risk
Key Barriers
EPA Report: Call for Pilot Projects, Test Centers, Federal Leadership by example
10
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
Server Load/ComputingOperations
Cooling Equipment
Power Distribution & Conversions
11
Data Center Energy Use
Typical Data Center Energy End Use
Server Load/ComputingOperations
Cooling Equipment
Power Conversions& Distribution
100 Units
33 UnitsDelivered
35 Units
12
Typical Energy Flow/Use
Server Load/ComputingOperations
Cooling Equipment
Power Conversion & Distribution
Delivered Power
ElectricityGeneration & Transmission
Losses
Fue
l Bur
ned
at P
ower
Pla
nt
13
Will reduce cooling needs
Typical Energy Flow/Use
Server Load/ComputingOperations
Cooling Equipment
Power Conversion & Distribution
Reducing server power requirements
Lowering power conversion losses
Electricity Generation & Transmission
Losses
Delivered Electricity
…ultimately reducing fuel burned at the power plantReducing power demand and losses
Fue
l Bur
ned
at P
ower
Pla
nt
On-Site Generation further reduces losses and emissions!
14
Server Load/ComputingOperations
Cooling Equipment
Power Conversion & Distribution
AlternativePower
Generation
• High voltage distribution
• Use of DC power
• Highly efficient UPS systems
• Efficient redundancy strategies
• Load management
• Server innovation
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
• Better air management
• Move to liquid cooling
• Optimized chilled-water plants
• Use of free cooling
• On-site generation
• CHP applications
• Waste heat for cooling
• Use of renewable energy
• Fuel cells
Thin Client Training Lab
Thin Client
UPS
Server
Meter
Standard PC
UPS
Server
Meter
Thin-Client Cluster Monitoring
Thin Client Testing
Tested two exciting new Architectures “Cloud Computing Model
• Managed desktop, reboot to restore, hosted model• ~70% energy reduction, 25% installed cost reduction
X550 “Five head Graphics Adapter style• Standard Windows PC architecture\• Transparent to user• ~70% energy reduction, 60% installed cost reduction
Both Solar power compatible
IT Metering/Energy Productivity
Energy Productivity
CPU cycles vs CPU Utilization
00:00.0
01:26.4
02:52.8
04:19.2
05:45.6
07:12.0
08:38.4
10:04.8
11:31.2
0 20 40 60 80 100
CPU Utilization
CP
U C
ycle
Co
un
t
02468
10121416
00:01.9 03:51.1 03:29.4 04:55.6 09:51.0
idle benchmark apps 50 100
Ener
gy (W
att H
ours
)
Energy USe vs. Cycle Count
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
00:00.0 02:52.8 05:45.6 08:38.4 11:31.2
CPU Cycle Count
En
erg
y (W
att
Ho
urs
)
Power vs. CPU Utilization
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 20 40 60 80 100
CPU Utilization (%)
Po
wer
(W
atts
)
Energy Use by Application
Application Energy Use (Watt-hours)
35.43
9.11
5.43
1.671.04
0.120.34 cpuSucker
RpcSandraSrv
Visual Studio
ccApp
Norton
explorer
Background
Average Utilization (44.98%)
Green Grid Computer
Supercomputer Cluster up!WSU paid for fiber connection between WSU and
GITAGITA bought additional switch gear to create “grid
cluster”WSU Added nodes with user demand
Future DirectionsAdd long-haul connections between other
campuses and PNNL Add advanced architectures
Green Grid Cluster
Expanded Cluster
Thin Client Training Lab
Thin Client
UPS
Server
Meter
Standard PC
UPS
Server
Meter
Renewable Energy Powered Enterprise IT Concepts
Use Renewable Energy as part of mission critical power infrastructure for Enterprise IT Networks Test Grid-Tie Systems with Battery Back-up to
act as the UPS/Back-Up Generation for Enterprise IT Infrastructure
Test Thin-Client Architectures with DC Distribution and Battery Back-UP
Project Objectives
Solar/Wind Project Install Real Time Weather Monitoring
• Wind Speed, Direction, Incident Solar Radiation, Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, etc.
Install All Solar and Wind System • Compare Power Distribution Architectures• Integrate Smart Grid Technology• Create Test Lab for Technical/Economic Assessment• Conduct Education/Outreach and Business Development
Power Data Center/Plug-In Vehicle Charging• Metered Power/Secure Identification• Auto-Connect (Bluetooth or RFID??)
Renewable Energy Project
Server
AC/DC DC/AC480V 3
DCEnergy Store
+
UPS PDU
480V 3
Power Supply
208Vor
120V
AC/DC DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/AC~ ~
High VoltageTransmission
Renewable EnergyRemote Site
Grid Transmission
Building Conversion and Distribution
Server
AC/DC DC/AC480V 3
DCEnergy Store
+
UPS PDU
480V 3
Power Supply
208Vor
120V
AC/DC DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/AC~ ~
High VoltageTransmission
Server
AC/DC DC/AC480V 3
DCEnergy Store
+
UPS PDU
480V 3
Power Supply
208Vor
120V
AC/DC DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
Server
AC/DC DC/AC480V 3
DCEnergy Store
+
UPS PDU
480V 3
Power Supply
208Vor
120V
AC/DC DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/AC~ ~
High VoltageTransmission
DC/AC~ ~~ ~
High VoltageTransmission
Renewable EnergyRemote Site
Grid Transmission
Building Conversion and Distribution
Renewable Energy Project
Server
AC/DC DC/AC480V 3
DCEnergy Store
+
UPS PDU
480V 3
Power Supply
208Vor
120V
AC/DC DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
Server
AC/DC DC/AC480V 3
DCEnergy Store
+
UPS PDU
480V 3
Power Supply
208Vor
120V
AC/DC DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
• Cut out 5 conversion steps, should improve efficiency by 50% or more
Traditional Installation ~ $11,000/Server Installation Cost
Proposed Installation ~ $6,700/Server Installation Cost*
Architecture Option
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text
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Solar Generator
Server Cluster Direct Coupled to Renewable Energy Using Existing Power Distribution Infrastructure
150 VDC to 380 VDC
Grid
UPS
Smart Strip
Feed B
Smart Strip
Feed A120 V AC
Power Supply B
Power Supply A
Server Cluster
Smart Strips are software controlled to perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) by switching load between AC and DC sources.
Battery Bank
Smart Strips are software controlled to divert excess power to a bank of batteries. The servers can draw from the batteries when solar production decreases.
Preliminary Results
192.04172.62
73.86
172.161
83.368
112.7
214.896
112.792114.82
162.39
248.54
303.03
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Serv
er 1
with
bot
h Po
wer
Supp
lies
on A
C
Serv
er 1
with
one
Pow
erSu
pply
on
AC
Serv
er 1
with
one
Pow
erSu
pply
on
DC
and
one
Pow
erSu
pply
on
AC
One
Ser
ver
with
one
Pow
erSu
pply
on
DC
Two
Serv
ers,
Eac
h w
ith o
neA
C Fe
ed
Two
Serv
ers,
Eac
h w
ith o
nePo
wer
Sup
ply
on A
C an
d on
eon
DC
Two
Serv
ers,
One
with
Sin
gle
DC
feed
and
one
with
AC
and
DC
Inpu
t
Inp
ut
Po
wer
(W
)
DC Power (W)
Server 2 AC Power (W)
Server 1 AC Power (W)
Testing Direct Server Coupling ~2-3% Efficiency Gain ~50% Installation Cost Reduction
Testing UPS DC Operating Characteristics/Efficiency
Preliminary Results
Project Updates
Solar Project Progress Procured 54 Solar Panels, Outback Inverter, Battery Backup
System Tested three architectures new architectures
• Direct Server Coupling at high voltage• Low voltage distribution for client terminals• Grid-tie with battery back-up installed as Server rack UPS
Installation Underway
Issues/Risks Code compliance for new architectures/UL Certification of
designs, new components
Traditional Architecture
UPS
Standard PCClients
Grid-Tie Solar as IT UPS
Battery Back-Up
Charge ControllerGrid-Tie Inverter
DC Thin Client Architecture
Battery Back-Up
Charge ControllerGrid-Tie Inverter
Charger
4 to 8 timesLess Power thanStandard PC’s
Solar PC Cluster
Solar Installation
Metered Charging
Advanced Liquid Cooling
The use of liquid cooling of servers enables reductions in power by rejecting heat directly outside into ornamental cooling ponds, or the re-use of heat for office heating in the winter.
Ornamental Cooling Ponds
Traditional Approach
Replace Tower with Pond, in Summer. In Winter, re-use Heat for Office Spaces
Ornamental Cooling Pond
Water Line HEAT
Server Heat Re-Use
Wind Power
Weather Monitoring and Data Collection
Living Roof
Interpretive Walk Restoration
Self Contained Solar Power Kiosk
Rural Broadband Wireless Access/Subscriber Computing
• Partners• Green IT Alliance
• Integration, Power Testing• Galexis Technologies
• Wireless System Design/Integration/Service
• First Step Internet• ISP
• Safedesk• Low Power Computer Platform
Green Wireless
Interpretive Walk Restoration
Solar Powered Irrigation System
Conclusions
Green IT IT is a major power consumerA significant percentage of the power is wastedOpportunities exist to dramtically improve IT energy
efficiency IT can be a very beneficial part of the Green
movement