Introduction to Greek and Roman HistoryLecture 17

Caesar and the first triumvirate 

59 B.C.: Caesar’s consulship and the triumvirate

- Agrarian law to benefit Pompey’s veterans, Crassus and Pompey in the agrarian commission.- Caesar is granted a five-year command in Cisalpine Gaul, Illyria and Translapine Gaul.-Tax-farmers are granted a waiver of a portion of their leasing payment.

The Aquileia legions

(Caesar, De bello gallico I.10)

Caesar in Gaul, 58-51 B.C.

The empire before Caesar’s conquests

The empire after Caesar’s conquests

Denarius of Julius Caesar, 48-47 B.C.

R/ Head of a goddess wearing an oak leaf wreath on obverse (Clementia? Pietas?)

V/: Gallic military trophy holding an oval shield, Gallic trumpet (carnyx); there is an axe topped with an animal head on the right.Berlin, Pergamon Museum.

56 B.C.:Luca

The triumvirate according to Cato Jr.A conspiracy for the division of the supreme power and the abolition of the constitutionPlutarch, Life of Cato the Younger, 41.2

Pompey in Syria

53: Battle of Carrhae

52: Pompey’s consulship

-Lex pompeia de iure magistratuum: candidates for magistracies had to be present in Rome.

-Pompey’s command is extend for further five years

December 50 B.C.

-The Senate vote that both proconsuls, Caesar and Pompey should give up their provinces.-The consul Caius Marcellus grants Pompey power for the military defence of the state.

January 49

Corfinium, February 49

Civil War, 49-44 B.C.

9th August 48, Battle of Pharsalus