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24.4 Dielectrics. 24.6 Gaussโs law in dielectrics. 24.5 Molecular model of induced charge. Introduction to Dielectrics. 24.4 Dielectrics. d. Separate two metal sheet with small gap d. Increases the maximum possible potential difference between the capacitor plates. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Dielectrics
Experiment: Place dielectrics between plates of capacitor at Q=const condition
Observation: potential difference decreases to smaller value with dielectric material relative to air
Without dielectric:
With dielectric: ๐ถ=๐๐
๐=๐๐๐๐ ๐ก because V<V0
C>C0
ฮ := ๐ถ๐ถ0
=๐ 0
๐ K>1: relative dielectric constant
d
What happens with the E-field in the presence of dielectric material๐ธ=๐๐๐๐๐We know V<V0
E<E0 specifically ฮ=๐ 0
๐ =๐ธ0
๐ธ ๐ธ=๐ธ0
ฮ
Recall:
๐ธ0=๐๐0
๐ธ=๐โ๐ ๐
๐0and
๐ ๐=๐ (1โ 1๐พ ) ๐ธ=๐๐พ ๐0
๐=๐พ ๐0 Definition of the permittivity
and
The surface charge (density) ฯ on conducting plates does not change butinduced charge ฯi of opposite sign
๐ ๐๐๐กreduced with dielectric material
DIELECTRICSExample: K1
K2
d/2d/2
+Q
-Q
E0E1E2
โ๐ธ0โ=๐๐0
=๐๐0 ๐ด
โ๐ธ1โ=โ๐ธ0โ๐พ1
= ๐๐0๐ด ๐พ1
โ๐ธ2โ=โ๐ธ0โ๐พ2
= ๐๐0 ๐ด๐พ 2
V
๐ถ=๐๐ = ๐
๐๐2๐0 ๐ด
( 1๐พ 1+ 1๐พ 2
)=2๐0 ๐ด๐พ 1๐พ 2
๐ (๐พ 1+๐พ2)
๐ 1=๐ (1โ 1๐พ1
) ๐ 2=๐ (1โ 1๐พ 2
)
==
24.4 DIELECTRICSDielectric breakdown or Dielectric strength
Cr2 O3
Ground GroundHigh Voltage
Air
GAUSSโS LAW IN DIELECTRICSRecall:
Conductor Dielectrics๏ฟฝโ๏ฟฝ=0 ๏ฟฝโ๏ฟฝโ 0
๐โ๐ ๐
๐๐๐๐๐=(๐โ๐ ๐ ) ๐ด
โฎ๐ธ โ๐๐ด=๐ธ๐ด
AA
A
๐ธ๐ด=(๐โ๐ ๐ ) ๐ด
๐0
๐ ๐=๐ (1โ 1๐พ )
๐ธ๐ด=๐ ๐ด๐พ ๐0
๐๐๐๐๐โ ๐๐๐๐
๐0=โฎ๐พ ๐ธ โ ๏ฟฝโ๏ฟฝ๐ด
GAUSSโS LAW IN DIELECTRICSExample:Capacitance of half filled spherical capacitor
Kra
rbr
๐๐๐๐๐โ ๐๐๐๐
๐0=โฎ๐พ ๐ธ โ ๏ฟฝโ๏ฟฝ๐ด
๐๐0
=โฎ ๐พ ๏ฟฝโ๏ฟฝ โ ๏ฟฝโ๏ฟฝ๐ด=๐พ ๐ธ12๐๐2+๐ธ22๐๐ 2E1
E2
๐1
๐0๐2
๐0๐ธ1=
๐1
2๐0๐พ ๐๐ 2
๐ธ2=๐2
2๐0 ๐๐2
๐=โซ๐ ๐
๐ ๐
๐ธ1๐๐=๐1(๐๐โ๐ ๐)2๐0๐พ ๐ ๐๐๐ ๐
โโ๐1=ยฟ
2๐0๐พ ๐๐ ๐๐ ๐๐(๐ ๐โ๐๐)
ยฟ
๐=โซ๐ ๐
๐ ๐
๐ธ2๐๐=๐2(๐ ๐โ๐๐)2๐0 ๐๐๐ ๐๐
โโ๐2=
2๐0 ๐๐๐๐๐๐(๐ ๐โ ๐๐)
๐=๐1+๐2=2๐0๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐
(๐๐โ๐ ๐)(๐พ +1)
๐ถ=๐๐ =
2๐0๐๐ ๐๐ ๐(๐พ +1)(๐ ๐โ๐๐)
Check: K->1 needs to reproduce empty =
MOLECULAR MODEL OF INDUCED CHARGE
EE
8
CLICKER QUESTIONA conductor is an extreme case of a dielectric, since if an electric field is applied to a conductor, charges are free to move within the conductor to set up โinduced chargesโ. What is the dielectric constant of a perfect conductor?
A. K = 0
B. K =
C. A value depends on the material of the conductor
0
0 0
1iEE K